The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency

Entela Treska; Alma Daja; Zhani Treska

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12

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The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency

Entela Treska, Alma Daja, Zhani Treska

Published in International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 2)

Received: 1 June 2015 Accepted: 12 June 2015 Published: 15 June 2015

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Abstract

Zinc is present throughout the body in low concentration, but in most tissues. It performs multiple critical functions and must be supplied at adequate levels consistently or deficiency states will result, from mild to severe. Zinc deficiency is insufficient zinc to meet the needs of biological organisms. Due to its essentiality, a lack of this trace element leads to far more severe and widespread problems. Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of chemical inter-conversions that sustain life. Enzymes are usually very specific as to which reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. Complementary shape, charge and hydrophilic/ hydrophobic characteristics of enzymes and substrates are responsible for this specificity. Specimens were collected at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Queen Geraldine” in Tirana, Albania during a period of time from year 2011 to 2013. We took into consideration 500 cases of pregnant women from first to third trimester of pregnancy. Serum zinc was measured by using Photometry (End-Point) method, whereas zinc enzymes such as Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Creatine Kinase, Aspartate Amino-Transferase, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Lipase measured with the corresponding methods: Beckman Synchron LX20, Colorimetric ab102523 kit, GenWays GGT kit, nonradioactive colorimetric LDH kit, Max Discovery, Colorimetric kit, Abcam kit and Biovision kit. From 500 cases taken into consideration, 190 pregnant women (38%) had normal zinc values (70 – 120 mcg/dl) 58 pregnant women (11.6%) had zinc levels between 60 – 69.9 mcg/dl, patients which were identified as pregnant women with zinc deficiency, as a consequence of oral contraceptive use; 252 pregnant women (50.4%) with zinc values < 60 mcg/dl, identified as patients with zinc deficiency, a result of malnutrition and also urinary elimination of digestive liquids; 56 pregnant women (11.2%) with zinc values < 30 mcg/dl, identified as patient with definite deficiency as a result of different diseases like acrodermatitis enteropathica ect. According to these results, there was a positive correlation between zinc and enzymes such as ALP, CK and LDH in pregnant women suffering from hypertension, whereas a negative correlation of zinc to enzymes such GGT, AST and GPT in cases with anemia. Zinc prophylactic treatment is important before and during pregnancy. Without a proper nutritional requirement the person falls in the state of zinc deficiency.

Published in	International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12
Page(s)	18-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Enzyme Assay Kit, Zinc Dependent Enzymes, Zinc and Enzymes Correlation, Zinc Deficiency, Enzyme Test Interpretation

References

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Entela Treska, Alma Daja, Zhani Treska. (2015). The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency. International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis, 1(2), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12

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ACS Style

Entela Treska; Alma Daja; Zhani Treska. The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency. Int. J. Sci. Qual. Anal. 2015, 1(2), 18-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12

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AMA Style

Entela Treska, Alma Daja, Zhani Treska. The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency. Int J Sci Qual Anal. 2015;1(2):18-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12,
  author = {Entela Treska and Alma Daja and Zhani Treska},
  title = {The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency},
  journal = {International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsqa.20150102.12},
  abstract = {Zinc is present throughout the body in low concentration, but in most tissues. It performs multiple critical functions and must be supplied at adequate levels consistently or deficiency states will result, from mild to severe. Zinc deficiency is insufficient zinc to meet the needs of biological organisms. Due to its essentiality, a lack of this trace element leads to far more severe and widespread problems. Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of chemical inter-conversions that sustain life. Enzymes are usually very specific as to which reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. Complementary shape, charge and hydrophilic/ hydrophobic characteristics of enzymes and substrates are responsible for this specificity. Specimens were collected at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Queen Geraldine” in Tirana, Albania during a period of time from year 2011 to 2013. We took into consideration 500 cases of pregnant women from first to third trimester of pregnancy. Serum zinc was measured by using Photometry (End-Point) method, whereas zinc enzymes such as Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Creatine Kinase, Aspartate Amino-Transferase, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Lipase measured with the corresponding methods: Beckman Synchron LX20, Colorimetric ab102523 kit, GenWays GGT kit, nonradioactive colorimetric LDH kit, Max Discovery, Colorimetric kit, Abcam kit and Biovision kit. From 500 cases taken into consideration, 190 pregnant women (38%) had normal zinc values (70 – 120 mcg/dl) 58 pregnant women (11.6%) had zinc levels between 60 – 69.9 mcg/dl, patients which were identified as pregnant women with zinc deficiency, as a consequence of oral contraceptive use; 252 pregnant women (50.4%) with zinc values < 60 mcg/dl, identified as patients with zinc deficiency, a result of malnutrition and also urinary elimination of digestive liquids; 56 pregnant women (11.2%) with zinc values < 30 mcg/dl, identified as patient with definite deficiency as a result of different diseases like acrodermatitis enteropathica ect. According to these results, there was a positive correlation between zinc and enzymes such as ALP, CK and LDH in pregnant women suffering from hypertension, whereas a negative correlation of zinc to enzymes such GGT, AST and GPT in cases with anemia. Zinc prophylactic treatment is important before and during pregnancy. Without a proper nutritional requirement the person falls in the state of zinc deficiency.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency
AU  - Entela Treska
AU  - Alma Daja
AU  - Zhani Treska
Y1  - 2015/06/15
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12
T2  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
SP  - 18
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8164
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12
AB  - Zinc is present throughout the body in low concentration, but in most tissues. It performs multiple critical functions and must be supplied at adequate levels consistently or deficiency states will result, from mild to severe. Zinc deficiency is insufficient zinc to meet the needs of biological organisms. Due to its essentiality, a lack of this trace element leads to far more severe and widespread problems. Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of chemical inter-conversions that sustain life. Enzymes are usually very specific as to which reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. Complementary shape, charge and hydrophilic/ hydrophobic characteristics of enzymes and substrates are responsible for this specificity. Specimens were collected at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Queen Geraldine” in Tirana, Albania during a period of time from year 2011 to 2013. We took into consideration 500 cases of pregnant women from first to third trimester of pregnancy. Serum zinc was measured by using Photometry (End-Point) method, whereas zinc enzymes such as Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Creatine Kinase, Aspartate Amino-Transferase, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Lipase measured with the corresponding methods: Beckman Synchron LX20, Colorimetric ab102523 kit, GenWays GGT kit, nonradioactive colorimetric LDH kit, Max Discovery, Colorimetric kit, Abcam kit and Biovision kit. From 500 cases taken into consideration, 190 pregnant women (38%) had normal zinc values (70 – 120 mcg/dl) 58 pregnant women (11.6%) had zinc levels between 60 – 69.9 mcg/dl, patients which were identified as pregnant women with zinc deficiency, as a consequence of oral contraceptive use; 252 pregnant women (50.4%) with zinc values < 60 mcg/dl, identified as patients with zinc deficiency, a result of malnutrition and also urinary elimination of digestive liquids; 56 pregnant women (11.2%) with zinc values < 30 mcg/dl, identified as patient with definite deficiency as a result of different diseases like acrodermatitis enteropathica ect. According to these results, there was a positive correlation between zinc and enzymes such as ALP, CK and LDH in pregnant women suffering from hypertension, whereas a negative correlation of zinc to enzymes such GGT, AST and GPT in cases with anemia. Zinc prophylactic treatment is important before and during pregnancy. Without a proper nutritional requirement the person falls in the state of zinc deficiency.
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Entela Treska

University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Queen Geraldine”, Tirana, Albania
Alma Daja

Clinical and Biochemical Laboratory, Health Centre No. 2, Tirana, Albania
Zhani Treska

University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Queen Geraldine”, Tirana, Albania

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Entela Treska, Alma Daja, Zhani Treska. (2015). The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency. International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis, 1(2), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12

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ACS Style

Entela Treska; Alma Daja; Zhani Treska. The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency. Int. J. Sci. Qual. Anal. 2015, 1(2), 18-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12

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AMA Style

Entela Treska, Alma Daja, Zhani Treska. The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency. Int J Sci Qual Anal. 2015;1(2):18-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12,
  author = {Entela Treska and Alma Daja and Zhani Treska},
  title = {The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency},
  journal = {International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsqa.20150102.12},
  abstract = {Zinc is present throughout the body in low concentration, but in most tissues. It performs multiple critical functions and must be supplied at adequate levels consistently or deficiency states will result, from mild to severe. Zinc deficiency is insufficient zinc to meet the needs of biological organisms. Due to its essentiality, a lack of this trace element leads to far more severe and widespread problems. Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of chemical inter-conversions that sustain life. Enzymes are usually very specific as to which reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. Complementary shape, charge and hydrophilic/ hydrophobic characteristics of enzymes and substrates are responsible for this specificity. Specimens were collected at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Queen Geraldine” in Tirana, Albania during a period of time from year 2011 to 2013. We took into consideration 500 cases of pregnant women from first to third trimester of pregnancy. Serum zinc was measured by using Photometry (End-Point) method, whereas zinc enzymes such as Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Creatine Kinase, Aspartate Amino-Transferase, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Lipase measured with the corresponding methods: Beckman Synchron LX20, Colorimetric ab102523 kit, GenWays GGT kit, nonradioactive colorimetric LDH kit, Max Discovery, Colorimetric kit, Abcam kit and Biovision kit. From 500 cases taken into consideration, 190 pregnant women (38%) had normal zinc values (70 – 120 mcg/dl) 58 pregnant women (11.6%) had zinc levels between 60 – 69.9 mcg/dl, patients which were identified as pregnant women with zinc deficiency, as a consequence of oral contraceptive use; 252 pregnant women (50.4%) with zinc values < 60 mcg/dl, identified as patients with zinc deficiency, a result of malnutrition and also urinary elimination of digestive liquids; 56 pregnant women (11.2%) with zinc values < 30 mcg/dl, identified as patient with definite deficiency as a result of different diseases like acrodermatitis enteropathica ect. According to these results, there was a positive correlation between zinc and enzymes such as ALP, CK and LDH in pregnant women suffering from hypertension, whereas a negative correlation of zinc to enzymes such GGT, AST and GPT in cases with anemia. Zinc prophylactic treatment is important before and during pregnancy. Without a proper nutritional requirement the person falls in the state of zinc deficiency.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency
AU  - Entela Treska
AU  - Alma Daja
AU  - Zhani Treska
Y1  - 2015/06/15
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12
T2  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
SP  - 18
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8164
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20150102.12
AB  - Zinc is present throughout the body in low concentration, but in most tissues. It performs multiple critical functions and must be supplied at adequate levels consistently or deficiency states will result, from mild to severe. Zinc deficiency is insufficient zinc to meet the needs of biological organisms. Due to its essentiality, a lack of this trace element leads to far more severe and widespread problems. Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of chemical inter-conversions that sustain life. Enzymes are usually very specific as to which reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. Complementary shape, charge and hydrophilic/ hydrophobic characteristics of enzymes and substrates are responsible for this specificity. Specimens were collected at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Queen Geraldine” in Tirana, Albania during a period of time from year 2011 to 2013. We took into consideration 500 cases of pregnant women from first to third trimester of pregnancy. Serum zinc was measured by using Photometry (End-Point) method, whereas zinc enzymes such as Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Creatine Kinase, Aspartate Amino-Transferase, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Lipase measured with the corresponding methods: Beckman Synchron LX20, Colorimetric ab102523 kit, GenWays GGT kit, nonradioactive colorimetric LDH kit, Max Discovery, Colorimetric kit, Abcam kit and Biovision kit. From 500 cases taken into consideration, 190 pregnant women (38%) had normal zinc values (70 – 120 mcg/dl) 58 pregnant women (11.6%) had zinc levels between 60 – 69.9 mcg/dl, patients which were identified as pregnant women with zinc deficiency, as a consequence of oral contraceptive use; 252 pregnant women (50.4%) with zinc values < 60 mcg/dl, identified as patients with zinc deficiency, a result of malnutrition and also urinary elimination of digestive liquids; 56 pregnant women (11.2%) with zinc values < 30 mcg/dl, identified as patient with definite deficiency as a result of different diseases like acrodermatitis enteropathica ect. According to these results, there was a positive correlation between zinc and enzymes such as ALP, CK and LDH in pregnant women suffering from hypertension, whereas a negative correlation of zinc to enzymes such GGT, AST and GPT in cases with anemia. Zinc prophylactic treatment is important before and during pregnancy. Without a proper nutritional requirement the person falls in the state of zinc deficiency.
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
ER  -

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