Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review

Tesfaye Tura; Tsion Tekalegni

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11

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Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review

Tesfaye Tura, Tsion Tekalegni

Published in Journal of Business and Economic Development (Volume 8, Issue 3)

Received: 23 November 2022 Accepted: 9 January 2023 Published: 10 August 2023

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Abstract

Pastoral is a livelihood in which at least 50% of a household’s food income is derived from livestock. In Ethiopia the pastorals represent 10% of the all populations and which they hold 42% of the livestock populations of the country. The livestock contribute 16% and 33% for National and Agricultural sector GDP respectively. Despite its contribution for the sector development specifically and the country in general, Ethiopian, pastoralist livelihoods are increasingly under pressure. Policies have favoured externally imposed development schemes which often alienate and expropriate pastoral lands in favour of large-scale commercial activities. This reviewed paper focus is to assess the push and pull factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. Pastoralist livelihood systems of a country are become increasingly vulnerable due to resource range land degradation, diminishing resilience against drought, population growth, break up of traditional governance system; lack of market linkage, least developed of veterinary services, and water sources both for human and livestock and rural finance. These factors are push factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. On the other hand, Expansion of education, infrastructure, and expansion of on-farm employment opportunities and strengths of market linkage are the pull factors for livelihood diversification. The government and others development practitioners should encourage the livelihood diversification of pastoral households and support with the area-specific policy and strategies to ensure the development of pastoral households in the country.

Published in	Journal of Business and Economic Development (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11
Page(s)	77-82
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ethiopia, Factors, Determinants, Diversification, Pastorals

References

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Tesfaye Tura, Tsion Tekalegni. (2023). Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review. Journal of Business and Economic Development, 8(3), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11

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ACS Style

Tesfaye Tura; Tsion Tekalegni. Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review. J. Bus. Econ. Dev. 2023, 8(3), 77-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11

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AMA Style

Tesfaye Tura, Tsion Tekalegni. Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review. J Bus Econ Dev. 2023;8(3):77-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11,
  author = {Tesfaye Tura and Tsion Tekalegni},
  title = {Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review},
  journal = {Journal of Business and Economic Development},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {77-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jbed.20230803.11},
  abstract = {Pastoral is a livelihood in which at least 50% of a household’s food income is derived from livestock. In Ethiopia the pastorals represent 10% of the all populations and which they hold 42% of the livestock populations of the country. The livestock contribute 16% and 33% for National and Agricultural sector GDP respectively. Despite its contribution for the sector development specifically and the country in general, Ethiopian, pastoralist livelihoods are increasingly under pressure. Policies have favoured externally imposed development schemes which often alienate and expropriate pastoral lands in favour of large-scale commercial activities. This reviewed paper focus is to assess the push and pull factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. Pastoralist livelihood systems of a country are become increasingly vulnerable due to resource range land degradation, diminishing resilience against drought, population growth, break up of traditional governance system; lack of market linkage, least developed of veterinary services, and water sources both for human and livestock and rural finance. These factors are push factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. On the other hand, Expansion of education, infrastructure, and expansion of on-farm employment opportunities and strengths of market linkage are the pull factors for livelihood diversification. The government and others development practitioners should encourage the livelihood diversification of pastoral households and support with the area-specific policy and strategies to ensure the development of pastoral households in the country.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review
AU  - Tesfaye Tura
AU  - Tsion Tekalegni
Y1  - 2023/08/10
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11
T2  - Journal of Business and Economic Development
JF  - Journal of Business and Economic Development
JO  - Journal of Business and Economic Development
SP  - 77
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3874
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11
AB  - Pastoral is a livelihood in which at least 50% of a household’s food income is derived from livestock. In Ethiopia the pastorals represent 10% of the all populations and which they hold 42% of the livestock populations of the country. The livestock contribute 16% and 33% for National and Agricultural sector GDP respectively. Despite its contribution for the sector development specifically and the country in general, Ethiopian, pastoralist livelihoods are increasingly under pressure. Policies have favoured externally imposed development schemes which often alienate and expropriate pastoral lands in favour of large-scale commercial activities. This reviewed paper focus is to assess the push and pull factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. Pastoralist livelihood systems of a country are become increasingly vulnerable due to resource range land degradation, diminishing resilience against drought, population growth, break up of traditional governance system; lack of market linkage, least developed of veterinary services, and water sources both for human and livestock and rural finance. These factors are push factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. On the other hand, Expansion of education, infrastructure, and expansion of on-farm employment opportunities and strengths of market linkage are the pull factors for livelihood diversification. The government and others development practitioners should encourage the livelihood diversification of pastoral households and support with the area-specific policy and strategies to ensure the development of pastoral households in the country.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Tesfaye Tura

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Werer Agricultural Research Centre, Werer, Ethiopia
Tsion Tekalegni

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Werer Agricultural Research Centre, Werer, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Tesfaye Tura, Tsion Tekalegni. (2023). Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review. Journal of Business and Economic Development, 8(3), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11

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ACS Style

Tesfaye Tura; Tsion Tekalegni. Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review. J. Bus. Econ. Dev. 2023, 8(3), 77-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11

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AMA Style

Tesfaye Tura, Tsion Tekalegni. Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review. J Bus Econ Dev. 2023;8(3):77-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11,
  author = {Tesfaye Tura and Tsion Tekalegni},
  title = {Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review},
  journal = {Journal of Business and Economic Development},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {77-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jbed.20230803.11},
  abstract = {Pastoral is a livelihood in which at least 50% of a household’s food income is derived from livestock. In Ethiopia the pastorals represent 10% of the all populations and which they hold 42% of the livestock populations of the country. The livestock contribute 16% and 33% for National and Agricultural sector GDP respectively. Despite its contribution for the sector development specifically and the country in general, Ethiopian, pastoralist livelihoods are increasingly under pressure. Policies have favoured externally imposed development schemes which often alienate and expropriate pastoral lands in favour of large-scale commercial activities. This reviewed paper focus is to assess the push and pull factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. Pastoralist livelihood systems of a country are become increasingly vulnerable due to resource range land degradation, diminishing resilience against drought, population growth, break up of traditional governance system; lack of market linkage, least developed of veterinary services, and water sources both for human and livestock and rural finance. These factors are push factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. On the other hand, Expansion of education, infrastructure, and expansion of on-farm employment opportunities and strengths of market linkage are the pull factors for livelihood diversification. The government and others development practitioners should encourage the livelihood diversification of pastoral households and support with the area-specific policy and strategies to ensure the development of pastoral households in the country.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants of Pastoralists Livelihoods Diversification in Ethiopia: A Literature Review
AU  - Tesfaye Tura
AU  - Tsion Tekalegni
Y1  - 2023/08/10
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11
T2  - Journal of Business and Economic Development
JF  - Journal of Business and Economic Development
JO  - Journal of Business and Economic Development
SP  - 77
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3874
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20230803.11
AB  - Pastoral is a livelihood in which at least 50% of a household’s food income is derived from livestock. In Ethiopia the pastorals represent 10% of the all populations and which they hold 42% of the livestock populations of the country. The livestock contribute 16% and 33% for National and Agricultural sector GDP respectively. Despite its contribution for the sector development specifically and the country in general, Ethiopian, pastoralist livelihoods are increasingly under pressure. Policies have favoured externally imposed development schemes which often alienate and expropriate pastoral lands in favour of large-scale commercial activities. This reviewed paper focus is to assess the push and pull factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. Pastoralist livelihood systems of a country are become increasingly vulnerable due to resource range land degradation, diminishing resilience against drought, population growth, break up of traditional governance system; lack of market linkage, least developed of veterinary services, and water sources both for human and livestock and rural finance. These factors are push factors for pastorals livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. On the other hand, Expansion of education, infrastructure, and expansion of on-farm employment opportunities and strengths of market linkage are the pull factors for livelihood diversification. The government and others development practitioners should encourage the livelihood diversification of pastoral households and support with the area-specific policy and strategies to ensure the development of pastoral households in the country.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download