Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis

Emran Hossain; Kazi Tamzidul Islam; Mohammad Mainul Bashar; Mohammad Rafizul Islam

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14

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Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis

Emran Hossain, Kazi Tamzidul Islam, Mohammad Mainul Bashar, Mohammad Rafizul Islam

Published in Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 17 September 2014 Accepted: 29 September 2014 Published: 18 February 2017

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Abstract

This study has analyzed the generation, characteristics and especially disposal system of solid waste in Khulna city, as urbanization and economic progress increases consumption of resources also tend to increase of waste at the same rate. This leads to immense negative impact on environment in the sense of generation of waste by the urban. Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities. Developing cities like Khulna, the third largest metropolitan city in Bangladesh, have now begun to acknowledge the environmental and public health risks associated with uncontrolled dumping of metropolitan solid waste (MSW). To these attempts, a survey was conducted to observe the present scenario of total MSW management system in Khulna city. Result reveals that near about 9-11% of total generated wastes are collected by door-to-door collection system provided by mainly non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community based organizations (CBOs) using 46 non-motorized rickshaw vans. Moreover, the major portion of collected wastes is disposed to the nearest secondary disposal site (SDS) by these organizations and then transferred to ultimate disposal site (UDS) or to private low-lying lands from there by the city authority. A small portion of organic wastes is going to the composting plants of NGOs. In this survey it is seen that major identified problems of existing management of MSW by NGOs and CBOs are the irregular collection of solid waste, nonpayment of service charges by the beneficiaries, involvement of child labor, reluctance of city dwellers participation etc. Finally the paper suggests that some measures and steps should be taken to keep the city nice and healthy.

Published in	Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14
Page(s)	17-26
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

NGOs, Household, Awareness, Solid Waste, Environmental Degradation

References

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[2]	Ahsan, A., (2005). Generation, Composition andCharacteristics of Municipal Solid Waste in Some MajorCities of Bangladesh. Master’s thesis, Department of CivilEngineering, Khulna University of Engineering andTechnology, Bangladesh.
[3]	Bartone, C. (2000). Strategies for Improving Municipal Solid Waste Management: Lessons from World Bank Lending and CWG Activities. Workshop on Planning for Sustainable and Integrated Solid Waste Management, Manila, 18-22 September 2000. Washington, DC: Urban Management Division, World Bank.
[4]	Bartone, C. R.(1995). The role of the private sector in developing countries: Keys to success.Paper presented at ISWA Conference on Waste Management - Role of the Private Sector, Singapore, 24-25 September 1995.
[5]	BBS (2001). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Pocket Book. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[6]	Bhuiyan, A. H., Nasser, E. H. and Hossain, M. (2003). Unplanned waste disposal and its possible impact on subsurface environment of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Unpublished research paper, Department of Geological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka.
[7]	Chowdhury, K.H,Rafizul, I.M., J. Akter and Alamgir,M. (2008), Present Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Barisal City Corporation, National Seminar on Solid Waste Management, WasteSafe 2008, KUET, pp. 95-102.
[8]	Clairvair O. Squires (2006), Public Participation in Solid Waste Management in Small Island Developing States, Caribbean Development Bank (CDB).
[9]	Cointreau, S. (1982). Environmental Management of Urban Solid Wastes in Developing Countries: A Project Guide. Washington, DC: Urban Development Department, World Bank.
[10]	Cointreau S. J. 1994. “Private Sector Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Services in Developing Countries, Vol. I. The Formal Sector.” Urban Management Programme, World Bank.
[11]	Murtaza, G. (2002). Solid Waste Management in Khulna City. Plan Plus Volume 1 No 1 2002 (6-15).
[12]	Rafizul, I.M. Howlader, M.K. and Alamgir, M. (2012a). Construction and Evaluation of Simulated Pilot Scale Landfill Lysimeter in Bangladesh, Journal of Waste Management, ScienceDirect, Volume 32 (2012), Issue 11, DIO: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.01.020@ 2012 ELSEVIER, pp. 2068-2079 (ISSN 0956-053X).
[13]	Rafizul, I.M., Risvi, K., Saiful, A. and Alamgir, M. (2012b). Present Scenario of Secondary Disposal Site for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Khulna City and Optimizing Routes for Final Disposal using GIS, Int. Conf. on Civil Engg. for Sustainable Development, KUET, Bangladesh, pp.69.
[14]	Rafizul, I.M., Islam, M.S., Saiful, A. and Alamgir, M. (2012c), Development of GIS Based Decision Support Database for Improved Healthcare Waste Management in Khulna City, Int. Conf. on Envi. Technology and Construction, KUET, Bangladesh, pp.43.
[15]	Schubeler, P. (1996). Conceptual framework for municipal solid waste management in low-income countries. United Nations Development Program, UMP Working Paper Series no. 9. St. Gallen, Switzerland: SKAT.
[16]	Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux (1998). ‘Alternative Solutions for Water Supply and Sanitation in Areas with Limited Financial Resources’. Nanterre: Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux.
[17]	Thomas-Hope E. (1998). Solid waste management: critical issues for developing countries. Kingston: Canoe Press.
[18]	WasteSafe (2005). Integrated Management and Safe Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in Least Developed Asian Countries, A resent feasibility study under the Asia Pro Eco Programme of EC, Dept. of CE, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh.

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APA Style

Emran Hossain, Kazi Tamzidul Islam, Mohammad Mainul Bashar, Mohammad Rafizul Islam. (2017). Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 2(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14

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ACS Style

Emran Hossain; Kazi Tamzidul Islam; Mohammad Mainul Bashar; Mohammad Rafizul Islam. Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2017, 2(1), 17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14

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AMA Style

Emran Hossain, Kazi Tamzidul Islam, Mohammad Mainul Bashar, Mohammad Rafizul Islam. Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2017;2(1):17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14,
  author = {Emran Hossain and Kazi Tamzidul Islam and Mohammad Mainul Bashar and Mohammad Rafizul Islam},
  title = {Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20170201.14},
  abstract = {This study has analyzed the generation, characteristics and especially disposal system of solid waste in Khulna city, as urbanization and economic progress increases consumption of resources also tend to increase of waste at the same rate. This leads to immense negative impact on environment in the sense of generation of waste by the urban. Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities. Developing cities like Khulna, the third largest metropolitan city in Bangladesh, have now begun to acknowledge the environmental and public health risks associated with uncontrolled dumping of metropolitan solid waste (MSW). To these attempts, a survey was conducted to observe the present scenario of total MSW management system in Khulna city. Result reveals that near about 9-11% of total generated wastes are collected by door-to-door collection system provided by mainly non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community based organizations (CBOs) using 46 non-motorized rickshaw vans. Moreover, the major portion of collected wastes is disposed to the nearest secondary disposal site (SDS) by these organizations and then transferred to ultimate disposal site (UDS) or to private low-lying lands from there by the city authority. A small portion of organic wastes is going to the composting plants of NGOs. In this survey it is seen that major identified problems of existing management of MSW by NGOs and CBOs are the irregular collection of solid waste, nonpayment of service charges by the beneficiaries, involvement of child labor, reluctance of city dwellers participation etc. Finally the paper suggests that some measures and steps should be taken to keep the city nice and healthy.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis
AU  - Emran Hossain
AU  - Kazi Tamzidul Islam
AU  - Mohammad Mainul Bashar
AU  - Mohammad Rafizul Islam
Y1  - 2017/02/18
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 17
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14
AB  - This study has analyzed the generation, characteristics and especially disposal system of solid waste in Khulna city, as urbanization and economic progress increases consumption of resources also tend to increase of waste at the same rate. This leads to immense negative impact on environment in the sense of generation of waste by the urban. Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities. Developing cities like Khulna, the third largest metropolitan city in Bangladesh, have now begun to acknowledge the environmental and public health risks associated with uncontrolled dumping of metropolitan solid waste (MSW). To these attempts, a survey was conducted to observe the present scenario of total MSW management system in Khulna city. Result reveals that near about 9-11% of total generated wastes are collected by door-to-door collection system provided by mainly non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community based organizations (CBOs) using 46 non-motorized rickshaw vans. Moreover, the major portion of collected wastes is disposed to the nearest secondary disposal site (SDS) by these organizations and then transferred to ultimate disposal site (UDS) or to private low-lying lands from there by the city authority. A small portion of organic wastes is going to the composting plants of NGOs. In this survey it is seen that major identified problems of existing management of MSW by NGOs and CBOs are the irregular collection of solid waste, nonpayment of service charges by the beneficiaries, involvement of child labor, reluctance of city dwellers participation etc. Finally the paper suggests that some measures and steps should be taken to keep the city nice and healthy.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Emran Hossain

Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
Kazi Tamzidul Islam

Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
Mohammad Mainul Bashar

Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
Mohammad Rafizul Islam

Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh

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APA Style

Emran Hossain, Kazi Tamzidul Islam, Mohammad Mainul Bashar, Mohammad Rafizul Islam. (2017). Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 2(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14

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ACS Style

Emran Hossain; Kazi Tamzidul Islam; Mohammad Mainul Bashar; Mohammad Rafizul Islam. Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2017, 2(1), 17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14

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AMA Style

Emran Hossain, Kazi Tamzidul Islam, Mohammad Mainul Bashar, Mohammad Rafizul Islam. Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2017;2(1):17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14,
  author = {Emran Hossain and Kazi Tamzidul Islam and Mohammad Mainul Bashar and Mohammad Rafizul Islam},
  title = {Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20170201.14},
  abstract = {This study has analyzed the generation, characteristics and especially disposal system of solid waste in Khulna city, as urbanization and economic progress increases consumption of resources also tend to increase of waste at the same rate. This leads to immense negative impact on environment in the sense of generation of waste by the urban. Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities. Developing cities like Khulna, the third largest metropolitan city in Bangladesh, have now begun to acknowledge the environmental and public health risks associated with uncontrolled dumping of metropolitan solid waste (MSW). To these attempts, a survey was conducted to observe the present scenario of total MSW management system in Khulna city. Result reveals that near about 9-11% of total generated wastes are collected by door-to-door collection system provided by mainly non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community based organizations (CBOs) using 46 non-motorized rickshaw vans. Moreover, the major portion of collected wastes is disposed to the nearest secondary disposal site (SDS) by these organizations and then transferred to ultimate disposal site (UDS) or to private low-lying lands from there by the city authority. A small portion of organic wastes is going to the composting plants of NGOs. In this survey it is seen that major identified problems of existing management of MSW by NGOs and CBOs are the irregular collection of solid waste, nonpayment of service charges by the beneficiaries, involvement of child labor, reluctance of city dwellers participation etc. Finally the paper suggests that some measures and steps should be taken to keep the city nice and healthy.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Involvement of Household, Government and NGOs in Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: A Comparative Analysis
AU  - Emran Hossain
AU  - Kazi Tamzidul Islam
AU  - Mohammad Mainul Bashar
AU  - Mohammad Rafizul Islam
Y1  - 2017/02/18
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 17
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20170201.14
AB  - This study has analyzed the generation, characteristics and especially disposal system of solid waste in Khulna city, as urbanization and economic progress increases consumption of resources also tend to increase of waste at the same rate. This leads to immense negative impact on environment in the sense of generation of waste by the urban. Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities. Developing cities like Khulna, the third largest metropolitan city in Bangladesh, have now begun to acknowledge the environmental and public health risks associated with uncontrolled dumping of metropolitan solid waste (MSW). To these attempts, a survey was conducted to observe the present scenario of total MSW management system in Khulna city. Result reveals that near about 9-11% of total generated wastes are collected by door-to-door collection system provided by mainly non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community based organizations (CBOs) using 46 non-motorized rickshaw vans. Moreover, the major portion of collected wastes is disposed to the nearest secondary disposal site (SDS) by these organizations and then transferred to ultimate disposal site (UDS) or to private low-lying lands from there by the city authority. A small portion of organic wastes is going to the composting plants of NGOs. In this survey it is seen that major identified problems of existing management of MSW by NGOs and CBOs are the irregular collection of solid waste, nonpayment of service charges by the beneficiaries, involvement of child labor, reluctance of city dwellers participation etc. Finally the paper suggests that some measures and steps should be taken to keep the city nice and healthy.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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