Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Ebiegberi Oborie; Alfred Wilson Opukumo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Ebiegberi Oborie, Alfred Wilson Opukumo^*

Published in Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 8 January 2024 Accepted: 29 January 2024 Published: 20 February 2024

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Bayelsa state is the southernmost part of the crude oil prolific Niger Delta region of Nigeria where oil exploration and exploitation activities have resulted to the pollution of its land, water, and air. Most parts of the area have experienced crude oil contamination of one form or the other, and the effects on man and the ecosystem are wide ranging. This study has examined the effect of oil contamination on the compaction behaviour of two clay samples obtained at shallow foundation depths in Yenagoa. The two clay samples, A and B are classified according to the unified soil classification system (USCS) as high plasticity inorganic sandy fat clay, and sandy lean clay, respectively. 4, 8, and 12 % crude oil by mass of dry soil were used to mix with the soil samples and left to cure in plastic bags for 48 hours before testing. In sample B, liquid limit (LL) was found to increase by about 9% for all proportions of crude oil while plastic limit (PL) was increased by 13%, 15%, and 27% for 4, 8, and 12 % oil content, respectively. These increase in LL and PL also brought about an increase in plasticity index except for 12% crude oil treatment. However, in all, a low plastic soil was changed to a slightly high plastic one as plotted on the Casagrande chart. The maximum dry density (MDD) of the two samples was also reduced by oil contamination with an increasing oil content exacerbating the reduction of MDD. It is therefore, recommended that care be taken during construction when dealing with clay soils within a potential crude oil contaminated region.

Published in	Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13
Page(s)	27-32
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crude Oil, Contamination, Compaction, Maximum Dry Density

References

[1]	Akinwumi II, Diwa D, Obianigwe N (2014) Effects of crude oil contamination on the index properties, strength and permeability of lateritic clay. Int J ApplSciEng Res 3: 816–824.
[2]	Alva, U. R., Fritt-Rasmussen, J. and Jomaas, G., 2020. Experimental study of thickening effectiveness of two herders for in-situ burning of crude oils on water. Cold Regions Science and Technology, p. 103083.
[3]	Ambituuni, A., Amezaga, J., &Emeseh, E. (2014). Analysis of safety and environmental regulations for downstream petroleum industry operations in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. Environmental Development, 9, 43-60.
[4]	ASTM (2007) ASTM D422–63 2007) e2, standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils. ASTM, West Conshohocken.
[5]	American society for testing and materials (2011). Annual book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, West Conshohocken, PA.
[6]	Ayub, S. O. H. A. I. L., Siddiqui, A. A., & Hussein, H. M. (2017). Impact of geotechnical properties due to industrial and hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Poll Res, 36(4), 814-821.
[7]	Bhaskaran, P. E., Chennippan, M. and Subramaniam, T., 2020. Future prediction &estimation of faults occurrences in oil pipelines by using data clustering with time series forecasting. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 66, p. 104203.
[8]	British Standard Institution, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes, BS 1377–1990: Parts 1, 2 and 4; 1990.
[9]	Das, B. M., & Sivakugan, N. (2018). Principles of foundation engineering, 9th edition. Cengage learning. Boston.
[10]	Das BM (2015) Principles of foundation engineering, 8th edition. Cengage Learning, Boston.
[11]	Davies, O. A., & Abolude, D. S. (2016). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) of surface water from Oburun Lake, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Applied Science Reports, 13(1).
[12]	Elisha, A. T. 2012. Effect of crude oil contamination on the geotechnical properties of soft clay soils of Niger delta region of Nigeria. Elec. J. Geotech. Eng. 1929–1938.
[13]	Faga, H. P. and Uchechukwu, U., 2019. Oil Exploration, Environmental Degradation, and Future Generations in the Niger Delta: Options for Enforcement of Intergenerational Rights and Sustainable Development Through Legal and Judicial Activism. J. Envtl. L. &Litig., 34, p. 185.
[14]	Griffoni, M., Rosellini, I., Angelini, P., Petruzzelli, G. and Pezzarossa, B., 2020. The effect of residual hydrocarbons in soil following oil spillages on the growth of Zea mays plants. Environmental Pollution, p. 114950.
[15]	Ijimdiya TS (2013) The effects of oil contamination on the consolidation properties of lateritic. Soil Dev Appl Ocean Eng (DAOE) 2: 53–59.
[16]	Ite, A. E., Ibok, U. J., Ite, M. U., & Petters, S. W. (2013). Petroleum exploration and production: Past and present environmental issues in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 1(4), 78-90.
[17]	Karkush, M. O., & Kareem, Z. A. (2017). Investigation of the impacts of fuel oil on the geotechnical properties of cohesive soil. Engineering Journal, 21(4), 127-137.
[18]	Nganje, T. N., Hursthouse, A. S., Edet, A., Stirling, D., &Adamu, C. I. (2017). Hydrochemistry of surface water and groundwater in the shale bedrock, Cross River Basin and Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. Applied Water Science, 7(2), 961-985.
[19]	Nwilo, P. C., & Badejo, O. T. (2006). Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the Nigerian coastal areas. Administering Marine Spaces: International Issues, 119, 1-15.
[20]	Rajabi, H., & Sharifipour, M. (2019). Geotechnical properties of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils: a comprehensive review. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 3685-3717.
[21]	Talukdar DK, Saikia BD (2013) Effect of crude oil on some consolidation properties of clayey soil. Int J EmergTechnolAdvEng 3: 117–120.
[22]	United Nations Environment Program (2011). Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland. UNEP, Switzerland.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Oborie, E., Opukumo, A. W. (2024). Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 9(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Oborie, E.; Opukumo, A. W. Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2024, 9(1), 27-32. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Oborie E, Opukumo AW. Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2024;9(1):27-32. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13,
  author = {Ebiegberi Oborie and Alfred Wilson Opukumo},
  title = {Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20240901.13},
  abstract = {Bayelsa state is the southernmost part of the crude oil prolific Niger Delta region of Nigeria where oil exploration and exploitation activities have resulted to the pollution of its land, water, and air. Most parts of the area have experienced crude oil contamination of one form or the other, and the effects on man and the ecosystem are wide ranging. This study has examined the effect of oil contamination on the compaction behaviour of two clay samples obtained at shallow foundation depths in Yenagoa. The two clay samples, A and B are classified according to the unified soil classification system (USCS) as high plasticity inorganic sandy fat clay, and sandy lean clay, respectively. 4, 8, and 12 % crude oil by mass of dry soil were used to mix with the soil samples and left to cure in plastic bags for 48 hours before testing. In sample B, liquid limit (LL) was found to increase by about 9% for all proportions of crude oil while plastic limit (PL) was increased by 13%, 15%, and 27% for 4, 8, and 12 % oil content, respectively. These increase in LL and PL also brought about an increase in plasticity index except for 12% crude oil treatment. However, in all, a low plastic soil was changed to a slightly high plastic one as plotted on the Casagrande chart. The maximum dry density (MDD) of the two samples was also reduced by oil contamination with an increasing oil content exacerbating the reduction of MDD. It is therefore, recommended that care be taken during construction when dealing with clay soils within a potential crude oil contaminated region.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
AU  - Ebiegberi Oborie
AU  - Alfred Wilson Opukumo
Y1  - 2024/02/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 27
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13
AB  - Bayelsa state is the southernmost part of the crude oil prolific Niger Delta region of Nigeria where oil exploration and exploitation activities have resulted to the pollution of its land, water, and air. Most parts of the area have experienced crude oil contamination of one form or the other, and the effects on man and the ecosystem are wide ranging. This study has examined the effect of oil contamination on the compaction behaviour of two clay samples obtained at shallow foundation depths in Yenagoa. The two clay samples, A and B are classified according to the unified soil classification system (USCS) as high plasticity inorganic sandy fat clay, and sandy lean clay, respectively. 4, 8, and 12 % crude oil by mass of dry soil were used to mix with the soil samples and left to cure in plastic bags for 48 hours before testing. In sample B, liquid limit (LL) was found to increase by about 9% for all proportions of crude oil while plastic limit (PL) was increased by 13%, 15%, and 27% for 4, 8, and 12 % oil content, respectively. These increase in LL and PL also brought about an increase in plasticity index except for 12% crude oil treatment. However, in all, a low plastic soil was changed to a slightly high plastic one as plotted on the Casagrande chart. The maximum dry density (MDD) of the two samples was also reduced by oil contamination with an increasing oil content exacerbating the reduction of MDD. It is therefore, recommended that care be taken during construction when dealing with clay soils within a potential crude oil contaminated region.

VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ebiegberi Oborie

Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria
Alfred Wilson Opukumo

Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria

Contact Email

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Oborie, E., Opukumo, A. W. (2024). Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 9(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Oborie, E.; Opukumo, A. W. Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2024, 9(1), 27-32. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Oborie E, Opukumo AW. Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2024;9(1):27-32. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13,
  author = {Ebiegberi Oborie and Alfred Wilson Opukumo},
  title = {Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20240901.13},
  abstract = {Bayelsa state is the southernmost part of the crude oil prolific Niger Delta region of Nigeria where oil exploration and exploitation activities have resulted to the pollution of its land, water, and air. Most parts of the area have experienced crude oil contamination of one form or the other, and the effects on man and the ecosystem are wide ranging. This study has examined the effect of oil contamination on the compaction behaviour of two clay samples obtained at shallow foundation depths in Yenagoa. The two clay samples, A and B are classified according to the unified soil classification system (USCS) as high plasticity inorganic sandy fat clay, and sandy lean clay, respectively. 4, 8, and 12 % crude oil by mass of dry soil were used to mix with the soil samples and left to cure in plastic bags for 48 hours before testing. In sample B, liquid limit (LL) was found to increase by about 9% for all proportions of crude oil while plastic limit (PL) was increased by 13%, 15%, and 27% for 4, 8, and 12 % oil content, respectively. These increase in LL and PL also brought about an increase in plasticity index except for 12% crude oil treatment. However, in all, a low plastic soil was changed to a slightly high plastic one as plotted on the Casagrande chart. The maximum dry density (MDD) of the two samples was also reduced by oil contamination with an increasing oil content exacerbating the reduction of MDD. It is therefore, recommended that care be taken during construction when dealing with clay soils within a potential crude oil contaminated region.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
AU  - Ebiegberi Oborie
AU  - Alfred Wilson Opukumo
Y1  - 2024/02/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 27
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20240901.13
AB  - Bayelsa state is the southernmost part of the crude oil prolific Niger Delta region of Nigeria where oil exploration and exploitation activities have resulted to the pollution of its land, water, and air. Most parts of the area have experienced crude oil contamination of one form or the other, and the effects on man and the ecosystem are wide ranging. This study has examined the effect of oil contamination on the compaction behaviour of two clay samples obtained at shallow foundation depths in Yenagoa. The two clay samples, A and B are classified according to the unified soil classification system (USCS) as high plasticity inorganic sandy fat clay, and sandy lean clay, respectively. 4, 8, and 12 % crude oil by mass of dry soil were used to mix with the soil samples and left to cure in plastic bags for 48 hours before testing. In sample B, liquid limit (LL) was found to increase by about 9% for all proportions of crude oil while plastic limit (PL) was increased by 13%, 15%, and 27% for 4, 8, and 12 % oil content, respectively. These increase in LL and PL also brought about an increase in plasticity index except for 12% crude oil treatment. However, in all, a low plastic soil was changed to a slightly high plastic one as plotted on the Casagrande chart. The maximum dry density (MDD) of the two samples was also reduced by oil contamination with an increasing oil content exacerbating the reduction of MDD. It is therefore, recommended that care be taken during construction when dealing with clay soils within a potential crude oil contaminated region.

VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download