,
Cédric Gueguim*,
Yannick Zombo Otoulou,
Anne Christine Ndzana Abomo,
Damase Serge Assiene Oyong,
The lack of an efficient drinking water management and distribution system across the territory of developing countries has forced populations to turn to other sources of water supply including wells and boreholes. The objectives of this study were to assess the microbiological quality of groundwater consumed by the population of the Messassi district in the city of Yaoundé. After a household survey to identify sources of drinking water supply, water samples were taken from the boreholes and wells most frequented by the population. The microorganisms were isolated after filtration of 100 ml of sample through a nitrocellulose membrane, with a microporosity of 0.22 µm. This membrane was then placed on the surface of the agar plates and incubated at 37°C and 44°C for 24 +/- 2 hours. After subculture on different media, pure bacterial isolates were identified by their cultural characteristics and commercialized biochemical galleries. Of the 101 households surveyed, 23 were supplied with borehole water and 21 with water from developed wells, i.e. 43.56% of households that consumed and used groundwater for their various needs when the other 56.44% households consumed tap water supplied by Cameroonian Water or mineral water. Of the 20 water samples that were taken in total, 04 came from boreholes, 07 from developed and regularly disinfected wells and 09 from developed and not regularly disinfected wells. The probable source of pollution was that of latrines located less than 15m from the wells (70℅). The 04 water samples taken from the boreholes were all compliant with total flora (TF), total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). Of the 07 wells developed and disinfected regularly, 06 samples were non-compliant with TF while 05 were non-compliant with TC and FC. Concerning the samples from the 09 wells developed and not disinfected, they were non-compliant with both TF and TC and FC. Bacterial species such as Salmonella arizonae (40℅), E. Coli (30℅), Proteus mirabilis (20℅) and Salmonella choleraesuis (10℅) were isolated. The results of the current survey show risks of microbiological contamination among the drinking water samples studied and consumed by the population. Regular and proper disinfection of the boreholes and wells in the town of Messassi is necessary to ensure a better quality of life for the population that consumes groundwater.
| Published in | Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 10, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16 |
| Page(s) | 149-156 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Groundwater, Messassi, Microorganisms, Contamination, Disinfection
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APA Style
Sone, L. H. E., Gueguim, C., Otoulou, Y. Z., Abomo, A. C. N., Oyong, D. S. A., et al. (2024). Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater Consumed by the Population of the Messassi District in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 10(4), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16
ACS Style
Sone, L. H. E.; Gueguim, C.; Otoulou, Y. Z.; Abomo, A. C. N.; Oyong, D. S. A., et al. Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater Consumed by the Population of the Messassi District in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. J. Health Environ. Res. 2024, 10(4), 149-156. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16
AMA Style
Sone LHE, Gueguim C, Otoulou YZ, Abomo ACN, Oyong DSA, et al. Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater Consumed by the Population of the Messassi District in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. J Health Environ Res. 2024;10(4):149-156. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16
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Download@article{10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16,
author = {Lucien Honore Etame Sone and Cédric Gueguim and Yannick Zombo Otoulou and Anne Christine Ndzana Abomo and Damase Serge Assiene Oyong and Marie Julie Manga Sipewa and Laurent Akono and Marius Noubi Feuzeu and Corneille Lawo Banga and Jean Lagarde Betti and Richard Ghogomu Tanwi},
title = {Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater Consumed by the Population of the Messassi District in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon},
journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {149-156},
doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20241004.16},
abstract = {The lack of an efficient drinking water management and distribution system across the territory of developing countries has forced populations to turn to other sources of water supply including wells and boreholes. The objectives of this study were to assess the microbiological quality of groundwater consumed by the population of the Messassi district in the city of Yaoundé. After a household survey to identify sources of drinking water supply, water samples were taken from the boreholes and wells most frequented by the population. The microorganisms were isolated after filtration of 100 ml of sample through a nitrocellulose membrane, with a microporosity of 0.22 µm. This membrane was then placed on the surface of the agar plates and incubated at 37°C and 44°C for 24 +/- 2 hours. After subculture on different media, pure bacterial isolates were identified by their cultural characteristics and commercialized biochemical galleries. Of the 101 households surveyed, 23 were supplied with borehole water and 21 with water from developed wells, i.e. 43.56% of households that consumed and used groundwater for their various needs when the other 56.44% households consumed tap water supplied by Cameroonian Water or mineral water. Of the 20 water samples that were taken in total, 04 came from boreholes, 07 from developed and regularly disinfected wells and 09 from developed and not regularly disinfected wells. The probable source of pollution was that of latrines located less than 15m from the wells (70℅). The 04 water samples taken from the boreholes were all compliant with total flora (TF), total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). Of the 07 wells developed and disinfected regularly, 06 samples were non-compliant with TF while 05 were non-compliant with TC and FC. Concerning the samples from the 09 wells developed and not disinfected, they were non-compliant with both TF and TC and FC. Bacterial species such as Salmonella arizonae (40℅), E. Coli (30℅), Proteus mirabilis (20℅) and Salmonella choleraesuis (10℅) were isolated. The results of the current survey show risks of microbiological contamination among the drinking water samples studied and consumed by the population. Regular and proper disinfection of the boreholes and wells in the town of Messassi is necessary to ensure a better quality of life for the population that consumes groundwater.},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater Consumed by the Population of the Messassi District in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon AU - Lucien Honore Etame Sone AU - Cédric Gueguim AU - Yannick Zombo Otoulou AU - Anne Christine Ndzana Abomo AU - Damase Serge Assiene Oyong AU - Marie Julie Manga Sipewa AU - Laurent Akono AU - Marius Noubi Feuzeu AU - Corneille Lawo Banga AU - Jean Lagarde Betti AU - Richard Ghogomu Tanwi Y1 - 2024/12/23 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16 DO - 10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16 T2 - Journal of Health and Environmental Research JF - Journal of Health and Environmental Research JO - Journal of Health and Environmental Research SP - 149 EP - 156 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2472-3592 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20241004.16 AB - The lack of an efficient drinking water management and distribution system across the territory of developing countries has forced populations to turn to other sources of water supply including wells and boreholes. The objectives of this study were to assess the microbiological quality of groundwater consumed by the population of the Messassi district in the city of Yaoundé. After a household survey to identify sources of drinking water supply, water samples were taken from the boreholes and wells most frequented by the population. The microorganisms were isolated after filtration of 100 ml of sample through a nitrocellulose membrane, with a microporosity of 0.22 µm. This membrane was then placed on the surface of the agar plates and incubated at 37°C and 44°C for 24 +/- 2 hours. After subculture on different media, pure bacterial isolates were identified by their cultural characteristics and commercialized biochemical galleries. Of the 101 households surveyed, 23 were supplied with borehole water and 21 with water from developed wells, i.e. 43.56% of households that consumed and used groundwater for their various needs when the other 56.44% households consumed tap water supplied by Cameroonian Water or mineral water. Of the 20 water samples that were taken in total, 04 came from boreholes, 07 from developed and regularly disinfected wells and 09 from developed and not regularly disinfected wells. The probable source of pollution was that of latrines located less than 15m from the wells (70℅). The 04 water samples taken from the boreholes were all compliant with total flora (TF), total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). Of the 07 wells developed and disinfected regularly, 06 samples were non-compliant with TF while 05 were non-compliant with TC and FC. Concerning the samples from the 09 wells developed and not disinfected, they were non-compliant with both TF and TC and FC. Bacterial species such as Salmonella arizonae (40℅), E. Coli (30℅), Proteus mirabilis (20℅) and Salmonella choleraesuis (10℅) were isolated. The results of the current survey show risks of microbiological contamination among the drinking water samples studied and consumed by the population. Regular and proper disinfection of the boreholes and wells in the town of Messassi is necessary to ensure a better quality of life for the population that consumes groundwater. VL - 10 IS - 4 ER -
Institute of Medical Research and Study of Medicinal Plants, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Department of Environmental Sciences, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Wood, Water and the Environment, University of Bertoua, Belabo, Cameroon; Pharmacy laboratory Galenics and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Institute of Medical Research and Study of Medicinal Plants, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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