Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C<sub>6o</sub>-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film

Sunday Wilson Balogun; Sabastine Chinedu Ezike; Yekini Kolawole Sanusi; Adebayo Olaniyi Aina

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C_6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film

Sunday Wilson Balogun, Sabastine Chinedu Ezike, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adebayo Olaniyi Aina

Published in Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 11 September 2017 Accepted: 25 September 2017 Published: 15 November 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained much attention in the field of organic electronics since it has advantage of physical light weight, easy to fabricate, consumed less production cost, and could be produced in large scale for energy harvesting applications. These types of electronics are promising devices that can be used to tackle today’s energy issue. Bulk hetero junction organic thin film was deposited using spin-coating method. The material used for the deposition of the thin film is the combination of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C₆₀-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₀BM) that form the interconnection of donor/acceptor component. Deposition was done by spin coating P3HT: PC₆₀BM onto glass substrate in order to form 100nm P3HT: PC₆₀BM active layer. Thermal annealing at three different temperatures was carried out on the samples deposited. The optical characterization of the thin film was investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The thin film based on P3HT: PC60BM blend film was deposited and annealed at 120°C, 130°C, and 140°C temperature, respectively. The result shows that the film annealed at 140°C has the highest absorption peak at 520nm wavelength in the visible region followed by annealing done at 130°C. This shows that thermal treatment may improve the stability/efficiency of P3HT: PC₆₀BM thin film.

Published in	Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12
Page(s)	14-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Organic Thin Film, Annealing, Blend, P3HT, PCBM, Optical Properties

References

[1]	Krebs, F. C., Gevorgyan, S. A., Alstrup, J., A roll-to-roll process to flexible polymer solar cells: model studies, manufacture and operational stability studies, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 19 (2009) 5442-5451.
[2]	Pagliaro M., Ciriminna, R., Palmisano, G., Flexible Solar Cells, Chem Sus Chem, 1 (2008) 880-891.
[3]	Jørgensen, M., Norrman, K., Krebs, F. C., Stability/degradation of polymer solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 92 (2008) 686-714.
[4]	Wu, Q., Bhattacharya, M., Moore, L. M. J., Morgan, S. E., Air processed P3HT:PCBM photovoltaic cells: Morphology correlation to annealing, degradation, and recovery, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, (2014) 1511–1520.
[5]	Bakar, N., Supangat, A., Sulaiman, K., Controlling the morphological, structural, and optical properties of one-dimensional PCDTBT nanotubes by template wetting, Nanoscale Research Letters, 9 (2014) 1-6.
[6]	Abdullah, S. M., Ahmad, Z., Sulaiman, K. The Impact of Thermal Annealing to the Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells based on PCDTBT:PC71BM Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 (2015) 2135–2142. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.275.
[7]	Zhe, L., Kar, H. C., Raja, S. A., Sarah, F., Rajeev, D., Him, C. W., Tan, C-H., Jiaying W., João, T. C., and James R. D. Toward Improved Lifetimes of Organic Solar Cells under Thermal Stress: Substrate-Dependent Morphological Stability of PCDTBT:PCBM Films and Devices Scientific Reports, (2015), \| 5:15149\| doi: 10.1038/srep15149.
[8]	Zhao, D. W., Tan, S. T., Ke, L., Liu, P., Kyaw, A. K. K., Sun, X. W., Lo, G. Q. and Kwong, D. L. Optimization of an inverted organic solar cell. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, (2010) 94(6), 985-991.
[9]	Kadem, B., Hassan, A., Cranton, W. Efficient P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction organic solar cells; effect of post deposition thermal treatment, J. Mater Sci: Mater Electron (2016), DOI 10.1007/s10854-016-4661-8.
[10]	Cheng, C-E., Dinelli, F., Yu, C-T., Shih, H-W., Pei, Z., Chen-Shiung Chang, C-S., Chien, F. S-S. Influences of thermal annealing on P3HT/PCBM interfacial properties and charge dynamics in polymer solar cells, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 54(12)(2015), http://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1347-4065
[11]	Vinokur, J. Deckman, I. Obuchovsky, S. Weinfeld, K. Frey, G. L. "The effect of thermal annealing on additive migration to the organic/metal interface in OPVs", Proc. SPIE 9567, Organic Photovoltaics XVI, 95670X (18 September 2015); doi: 10.1117/12.2189895.
[12]	Chang, S-C., Hsiao, Y-J, Li, T-S. Selecting Annealing Temperature of P3HT/PCBM Incorporated with Nano-diamonds Using Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 10 (2015) 1658-1668.
[13]	Reyes-Reyes, M., Kim, K. and Caroll, D. L. High-Efficiency Photovoltaic Devices Based on Annealed Poly (3-Hexythiopene and I(3-Methoxycarbonyl)-Propyl-I Phenyl-(6,6) C61 Blend. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 87 No8, (2005), doi:10.1063/I.2006986.
[14]	Tang, C. W. “Two- Layer Organic Photovoltaic Cell” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 48, No 2, (1986), pp. 183-185. dio: 10.1063/I.96937.
[15]	Peumans, P., Uchida S. and Forrest, S. R. “Efficient Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells Using Small-Molecular-Weight Organic Thin Films”, Nature, Vol. 425, No 11, (2003), pp.158-162. dio:10.1038/nature01949.
[16]	Gollu, S. R., Sharma, R., Srinivas, G, Gupta, D. Thermal Annealing Study on P3HT: PCBM Based Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Using Impedance Spectroscopy, AIP Conf. Proc. 1620 (2014) 150-156; doi: 10.1063/1.4898233.
[17]	Yang, X, Uddin, A. Effect of thermal annealing on P3HT:PCBM bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells: A critical review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30 (2014) 324–336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.025
[18]	Ezike, S. C. Optical Properties of Copper Aluminium Diselenide Thin Films under the Influence of Ammonium Solution as pH Adjuster, J. Thin Films Res. Vol. 1(1) (2017) 14-16.
[19]	Green, M. A. Solar cells: operating principles, technology and system applications, Prentice-hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1982.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sunday Wilson Balogun, Sabastine Chinedu Ezike, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adebayo Olaniyi Aina. (2017). Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film. Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology, 3(2), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Sunday Wilson Balogun; Sabastine Chinedu Ezike; Yekini Kolawole Sanusi; Adebayo Olaniyi Aina. Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film. J. Photonic Mater. Technol. 2017, 3(2), 14-19. doi: 10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Sunday Wilson Balogun, Sabastine Chinedu Ezike, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adebayo Olaniyi Aina. Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film. J Photonic Mater Technol. 2017;3(2):14-19. doi: 10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12,
  author = {Sunday Wilson Balogun and Sabastine Chinedu Ezike and Yekini Kolawole Sanusi and Adebayo Olaniyi Aina},
  title = {Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film},
  journal = {Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jmpt.20170302.12},
  abstract = {Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained much attention in the field of organic electronics since it has advantage of physical light weight, easy to fabricate, consumed less production cost, and could be produced in large scale for energy harvesting applications. These types of electronics are promising devices that can be used to tackle today’s energy issue. Bulk hetero junction organic thin film was deposited using spin-coating method. The material used for the deposition of the thin film is the combination of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) that form the interconnection of donor/acceptor component. Deposition was done by spin coating P3HT: PC60BM onto glass substrate in order to form 100nm P3HT: PC60BM active layer. Thermal annealing at three different temperatures was carried out on the samples deposited. The optical characterization of the thin film was investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The thin film based on P3HT: PC60BM blend film was deposited and annealed at 120°C, 130°C, and 140°C temperature, respectively. The result shows that the film annealed at 140°C has the highest absorption peak at 520nm wavelength in the visible region followed by annealing done at 130°C. This shows that thermal treatment may improve the stability/efficiency of P3HT: PC60BM thin film.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film
AU  - Sunday Wilson Balogun
AU  - Sabastine Chinedu Ezike
AU  - Yekini Kolawole Sanusi
AU  - Adebayo Olaniyi Aina
Y1  - 2017/11/15
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12
T2  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
JF  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
JO  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
SP  - 14
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8431
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12
AB  - Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained much attention in the field of organic electronics since it has advantage of physical light weight, easy to fabricate, consumed less production cost, and could be produced in large scale for energy harvesting applications. These types of electronics are promising devices that can be used to tackle today’s energy issue. Bulk hetero junction organic thin film was deposited using spin-coating method. The material used for the deposition of the thin film is the combination of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) that form the interconnection of donor/acceptor component. Deposition was done by spin coating P3HT: PC60BM onto glass substrate in order to form 100nm P3HT: PC60BM active layer. Thermal annealing at three different temperatures was carried out on the samples deposited. The optical characterization of the thin film was investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The thin film based on P3HT: PC60BM blend film was deposited and annealed at 120°C, 130°C, and 140°C temperature, respectively. The result shows that the film annealed at 140°C has the highest absorption peak at 520nm wavelength in the visible region followed by annealing done at 130°C. This shows that thermal treatment may improve the stability/efficiency of P3HT: PC60BM thin film.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Sunday Wilson Balogun

Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
Sabastine Chinedu Ezike

Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
Yekini Kolawole Sanusi

Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Adebayo Olaniyi Aina

Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sunday Wilson Balogun, Sabastine Chinedu Ezike, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adebayo Olaniyi Aina. (2017). Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film. Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology, 3(2), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Sunday Wilson Balogun; Sabastine Chinedu Ezike; Yekini Kolawole Sanusi; Adebayo Olaniyi Aina. Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film. J. Photonic Mater. Technol. 2017, 3(2), 14-19. doi: 10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Sunday Wilson Balogun, Sabastine Chinedu Ezike, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adebayo Olaniyi Aina. Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film. J Photonic Mater Technol. 2017;3(2):14-19. doi: 10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12,
  author = {Sunday Wilson Balogun and Sabastine Chinedu Ezike and Yekini Kolawole Sanusi and Adebayo Olaniyi Aina},
  title = {Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film},
  journal = {Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jmpt.20170302.12},
  abstract = {Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained much attention in the field of organic electronics since it has advantage of physical light weight, easy to fabricate, consumed less production cost, and could be produced in large scale for energy harvesting applications. These types of electronics are promising devices that can be used to tackle today’s energy issue. Bulk hetero junction organic thin film was deposited using spin-coating method. The material used for the deposition of the thin film is the combination of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) that form the interconnection of donor/acceptor component. Deposition was done by spin coating P3HT: PC60BM onto glass substrate in order to form 100nm P3HT: PC60BM active layer. Thermal annealing at three different temperatures was carried out on the samples deposited. The optical characterization of the thin film was investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The thin film based on P3HT: PC60BM blend film was deposited and annealed at 120°C, 130°C, and 140°C temperature, respectively. The result shows that the film annealed at 140°C has the highest absorption peak at 520nm wavelength in the visible region followed by annealing done at 130°C. This shows that thermal treatment may improve the stability/efficiency of P3HT: PC60BM thin film.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Poly (3-Hexyithiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C6o-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blend Thin Film
AU  - Sunday Wilson Balogun
AU  - Sabastine Chinedu Ezike
AU  - Yekini Kolawole Sanusi
AU  - Adebayo Olaniyi Aina
Y1  - 2017/11/15
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12
T2  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
JF  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
JO  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
SP  - 14
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8431
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20170302.12
AB  - Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained much attention in the field of organic electronics since it has advantage of physical light weight, easy to fabricate, consumed less production cost, and could be produced in large scale for energy harvesting applications. These types of electronics are promising devices that can be used to tackle today’s energy issue. Bulk hetero junction organic thin film was deposited using spin-coating method. The material used for the deposition of the thin film is the combination of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) that form the interconnection of donor/acceptor component. Deposition was done by spin coating P3HT: PC60BM onto glass substrate in order to form 100nm P3HT: PC60BM active layer. Thermal annealing at three different temperatures was carried out on the samples deposited. The optical characterization of the thin film was investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The thin film based on P3HT: PC60BM blend film was deposited and annealed at 120°C, 130°C, and 140°C temperature, respectively. The result shows that the film annealed at 140°C has the highest absorption peak at 520nm wavelength in the visible region followed by annealing done at 130°C. This shows that thermal treatment may improve the stability/efficiency of P3HT: PC60BM thin film.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download