Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture

Dulun Wang; Ning Wang; Rui Wang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11

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Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture

Dulun Wang^*, Ning Wang, Rui Wang

Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 13, Issue 2)

Received: 10 April 2025 Accepted: 16 June 2025 Published: 22 June 2025

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Abstract

The molecular structure of benzene is an unsolved problem for a hundred years. Based on the existing theory, according to the nature of chemical bond is the shared electron of the nucleus of a molecule, it is proposed that each electron shared by the nucleus corresponds to a half valence bond, and the benzene ring can also form a half valence bond between two carbon atoms. It is believed that benzene molecule has ground state and excited state, and cyclohexatriene is the extreme structure of excited state. To establish a new structural theory of benzene. Quantitative interpretation of experimental results, such as the hydrogenation heat value of benzene, the bond length of benzene ring, and the peak wavelength of benzene ultraviolet spectrum, confirmed the reliability of the new theory. In the computer, using the hydrogen atom model of benzene ring equivalent electron, the wave function and Schrodinger equation are established, solved by variational method, and then the energy level and transition energy are calculated. The excited state transition energy quantitatively explains the heat of hydrogenation of benzene. The quantification of the ground state transition energy explains the ultraviolet spectrum and bond length of benzene, as well as the existence of ground and excited states. The planar structure forms of benzene and its many homologues and derivatives, especially a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are designed by using dotted lines to represent half-valence bonds. The universality of the method lays a foundation for its popularization and application. To explore the stacking of benzene rings to form benzene tubes, the thickness of three layers of benzene tubes is calculated, which is exactly the same as the thickness of graphene. Referring to other properties of graphene, it is speculated that graphene is more like a three-layer structure. Moreover, because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have more than 600 molecules, it is suggested that graphene is a general term for a large number of six-carbon ring combination molecules, and each molecule will have different functions.

Published in	Modern Chemistry (Volume 13, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11
Page(s)	14-39
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Benzene, Molecular Structure, Half-valence Bond, Bond Length, Heat of Hydrogenation, UV Spectrum, Benzene Tube, Graphene Thickness

References

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[22]	Smith, J. A., & Johnson, B. C. (2020). Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Benzene: Analysis of Absorption Peaks. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, 45(3), 123-130.
[23]	Brown, R. D., & Taylor, M. L. (2018). Spectroscopic Studies of Aromatic Compounds: Benzene and Its Derivatives. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 112(8), 2345-2352.
[24]	Rae, A. I. M. & Napolitano, J. Quantum Mechanic. (CRC Press, 2015).
[25]	Lowe, J. P. & Peterson, K., Quantum Chemistry. Academic Press, 2005.
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APA Style

Wang, D., Wang, N., Wang, R. (2025). Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture. Modern Chemistry, 13(2), 14-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11

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ACS Style

Wang, D.; Wang, N.; Wang, R. Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture. Mod. Chem. 2025, 13(2), 14-39. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11

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AMA Style

Wang D, Wang N, Wang R. Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture. Mod Chem. 2025;13(2):14-39. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11,
  author = {Dulun Wang and Ning Wang and Rui Wang},
  title = {Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture
},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20251302.11},
  abstract = {The molecular structure of benzene is an unsolved problem for a hundred years. Based on the existing theory, according to the nature of chemical bond is the shared electron of the nucleus of a molecule, it is proposed that each electron shared by the nucleus corresponds to a half valence bond, and the benzene ring can also form a half valence bond between two carbon atoms. It is believed that benzene molecule has ground state and excited state, and cyclohexatriene is the extreme structure of excited state. To establish a new structural theory of benzene. Quantitative interpretation of experimental results, such as the hydrogenation heat value of benzene, the bond length of benzene ring, and the peak wavelength of benzene ultraviolet spectrum, confirmed the reliability of the new theory. In the computer, using the hydrogen atom model of benzene ring equivalent electron, the wave function and Schrodinger equation are established, solved by variational method, and then the energy level and transition energy are calculated. The excited state transition energy quantitatively explains the heat of hydrogenation of benzene. The quantification of the ground state transition energy explains the ultraviolet spectrum and bond length of benzene, as well as the existence of ground and excited states. The planar structure forms of benzene and its many homologues and derivatives, especially a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are designed by using dotted lines to represent half-valence bonds. The universality of the method lays a foundation for its popularization and application. To explore the stacking of benzene rings to form benzene tubes, the thickness of three layers of benzene tubes is calculated, which is exactly the same as the thickness of graphene. Referring to other properties of graphene, it is speculated that graphene is more like a three-layer structure. Moreover, because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have more than 600 molecules, it is suggested that graphene is a general term for a large number of six-carbon ring combination molecules, and each molecule will have different functions.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture

AU  - Dulun Wang
AU  - Ning Wang
AU  - Rui Wang
Y1  - 2025/06/22
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 14
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11
AB  - The molecular structure of benzene is an unsolved problem for a hundred years. Based on the existing theory, according to the nature of chemical bond is the shared electron of the nucleus of a molecule, it is proposed that each electron shared by the nucleus corresponds to a half valence bond, and the benzene ring can also form a half valence bond between two carbon atoms. It is believed that benzene molecule has ground state and excited state, and cyclohexatriene is the extreme structure of excited state. To establish a new structural theory of benzene. Quantitative interpretation of experimental results, such as the hydrogenation heat value of benzene, the bond length of benzene ring, and the peak wavelength of benzene ultraviolet spectrum, confirmed the reliability of the new theory. In the computer, using the hydrogen atom model of benzene ring equivalent electron, the wave function and Schrodinger equation are established, solved by variational method, and then the energy level and transition energy are calculated. The excited state transition energy quantitatively explains the heat of hydrogenation of benzene. The quantification of the ground state transition energy explains the ultraviolet spectrum and bond length of benzene, as well as the existence of ground and excited states. The planar structure forms of benzene and its many homologues and derivatives, especially a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are designed by using dotted lines to represent half-valence bonds. The universality of the method lays a foundation for its popularization and application. To explore the stacking of benzene rings to form benzene tubes, the thickness of three layers of benzene tubes is calculated, which is exactly the same as the thickness of graphene. Referring to other properties of graphene, it is speculated that graphene is more like a three-layer structure. Moreover, because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have more than 600 molecules, it is suggested that graphene is a general term for a large number of six-carbon ring combination molecules, and each molecule will have different functions.

VL  - 13
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Dulun Wang

Basic College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China

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Ning Wang

Basic College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China

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Rui Wang

Basic College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China

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Wang, D., Wang, N., Wang, R. (2025). Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture. Modern Chemistry, 13(2), 14-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11

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ACS Style

Wang, D.; Wang, N.; Wang, R. Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture. Mod. Chem. 2025, 13(2), 14-39. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11

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AMA Style

Wang D, Wang N, Wang R. Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture. Mod Chem. 2025;13(2):14-39. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11,
  author = {Dulun Wang and Ning Wang and Rui Wang},
  title = {Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture
},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20251302.11},
  abstract = {The molecular structure of benzene is an unsolved problem for a hundred years. Based on the existing theory, according to the nature of chemical bond is the shared electron of the nucleus of a molecule, it is proposed that each electron shared by the nucleus corresponds to a half valence bond, and the benzene ring can also form a half valence bond between two carbon atoms. It is believed that benzene molecule has ground state and excited state, and cyclohexatriene is the extreme structure of excited state. To establish a new structural theory of benzene. Quantitative interpretation of experimental results, such as the hydrogenation heat value of benzene, the bond length of benzene ring, and the peak wavelength of benzene ultraviolet spectrum, confirmed the reliability of the new theory. In the computer, using the hydrogen atom model of benzene ring equivalent electron, the wave function and Schrodinger equation are established, solved by variational method, and then the energy level and transition energy are calculated. The excited state transition energy quantitatively explains the heat of hydrogenation of benzene. The quantification of the ground state transition energy explains the ultraviolet spectrum and bond length of benzene, as well as the existence of ground and excited states. The planar structure forms of benzene and its many homologues and derivatives, especially a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are designed by using dotted lines to represent half-valence bonds. The universality of the method lays a foundation for its popularization and application. To explore the stacking of benzene rings to form benzene tubes, the thickness of three layers of benzene tubes is calculated, which is exactly the same as the thickness of graphene. Referring to other properties of graphene, it is speculated that graphene is more like a three-layer structure. Moreover, because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have more than 600 molecules, it is suggested that graphene is a general term for a large number of six-carbon ring combination molecules, and each molecule will have different functions.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and Its Vertical and Horizontal Extension Architecture

AU  - Dulun Wang
AU  - Ning Wang
AU  - Rui Wang
Y1  - 2025/06/22
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 14
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20251302.11
AB  - The molecular structure of benzene is an unsolved problem for a hundred years. Based on the existing theory, according to the nature of chemical bond is the shared electron of the nucleus of a molecule, it is proposed that each electron shared by the nucleus corresponds to a half valence bond, and the benzene ring can also form a half valence bond between two carbon atoms. It is believed that benzene molecule has ground state and excited state, and cyclohexatriene is the extreme structure of excited state. To establish a new structural theory of benzene. Quantitative interpretation of experimental results, such as the hydrogenation heat value of benzene, the bond length of benzene ring, and the peak wavelength of benzene ultraviolet spectrum, confirmed the reliability of the new theory. In the computer, using the hydrogen atom model of benzene ring equivalent electron, the wave function and Schrodinger equation are established, solved by variational method, and then the energy level and transition energy are calculated. The excited state transition energy quantitatively explains the heat of hydrogenation of benzene. The quantification of the ground state transition energy explains the ultraviolet spectrum and bond length of benzene, as well as the existence of ground and excited states. The planar structure forms of benzene and its many homologues and derivatives, especially a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are designed by using dotted lines to represent half-valence bonds. The universality of the method lays a foundation for its popularization and application. To explore the stacking of benzene rings to form benzene tubes, the thickness of three layers of benzene tubes is calculated, which is exactly the same as the thickness of graphene. Referring to other properties of graphene, it is speculated that graphene is more like a three-layer structure. Moreover, because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have more than 600 molecules, it is suggested that graphene is a general term for a large number of six-carbon ring combination molecules, and each molecule will have different functions.

VL  - 13
IS  - 2
ER  -

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