3<sup>2</sup> Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa

Richard Ayamah; Samuel Kwarteng; Awudu Obeng; Patrick Kwame Babah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11

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3² Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa

Richard Ayamah, Samuel Kwarteng, Awudu Obeng, Patrick Kwame Babah

Published in Mathematical Modelling and Applications (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 8 May 2021 Accepted: 25 May 2021 Published: 4 June 2021

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Abstract

The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This research is therefore aimed at using experimental design to derive a model for the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. In effect, 3² factorial design with mixed factors was used to design the data layout with country as the random factor and status of COVID-19 patient as the fixed factor. Under country, Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana were randomly selected as the three levels from the seventeen West African countries while under status of COVID-19 patient, recovery, death and active cases were the three fixed levels used. The data for the study were collected based on the monthly recorded number of the various COVID-19 cases (i.e. recovery cases, death cases and active cases out of the total confirmed cases) for the period from February to September, 2020. The data were retrieved from the reports on COVID-19 given by the respective country’s health authorities and published on their various websites. In effect, a mixed effect model was derived through formulation processes for the prediction of the various COVID-19 cases across West Africa. Also, different residual analyses were conducted for the model adequacy checking and it proved that the model was adequate in the estimation of the various COVID-19 cases in the West African Sub-region. This therefore makes it the first time experimental design and analysis has successfully been used for a study of this nature on the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa.

Published in	Mathematical Modelling and Applications (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11
Page(s)	17-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COVID-19, Experimental Design, 3² Factorial Design, Mixed Effect Model, Random Factor, Fixed Factor, Residual

References

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[12]	Anwar Zeb, Ebraheem Alzahrani, Vedat Suat Erturk and Gul Zaman. (2020, June 29). Mathematical Model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Containing Isolation Class. Biomed Research International. Vol. 2020. pp 1-7. (doi.org/10.1155/2020/3452402).
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APA Style

Richard Ayamah, Samuel Kwarteng, Awudu Obeng, Patrick Kwame Babah. (2021). 32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. Mathematical Modelling and Applications, 6(2), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11

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ACS Style

Richard Ayamah; Samuel Kwarteng; Awudu Obeng; Patrick Kwame Babah. 32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. Math. Model. Appl. 2021, 6(2), 17-28. doi: 10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11

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AMA Style

Richard Ayamah, Samuel Kwarteng, Awudu Obeng, Patrick Kwame Babah. 32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. Math Model Appl. 2021;6(2):17-28. doi: 10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11,
  author = {Richard Ayamah and Samuel Kwarteng and Awudu Obeng and Patrick Kwame Babah},
  title = {32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa},
  journal = {Mathematical Modelling and Applications},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {17-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mma.20210602.11},
  abstract = {The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This research is therefore aimed at using experimental design to derive a model for the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. In effect, 32 factorial design with mixed factors was used to design the data layout with country as the random factor and status of COVID-19 patient as the fixed factor. Under country, Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana were randomly selected as the three levels from the seventeen West African countries while under status of COVID-19 patient, recovery, death and active cases were the three fixed levels used. The data for the study were collected based on the monthly recorded number of the various COVID-19 cases (i.e. recovery cases, death cases and active cases out of the total confirmed cases) for the period from February to September, 2020. The data were retrieved from the reports on COVID-19 given by the respective country’s health authorities and published on their various websites. In effect, a mixed effect model was derived through formulation processes for the prediction of the various COVID-19 cases across West Africa. Also, different residual analyses were conducted for the model adequacy checking and it proved that the model was adequate in the estimation of the various COVID-19 cases in the West African Sub-region. This therefore makes it the first time experimental design and analysis has successfully been used for a study of this nature on the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - 32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa
AU  - Richard Ayamah
AU  - Samuel Kwarteng
AU  - Awudu Obeng
AU  - Patrick Kwame Babah
Y1  - 2021/06/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11
T2  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
JF  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
JO  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
SP  - 17
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1794
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11
AB  - The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This research is therefore aimed at using experimental design to derive a model for the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. In effect, 32 factorial design with mixed factors was used to design the data layout with country as the random factor and status of COVID-19 patient as the fixed factor. Under country, Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana were randomly selected as the three levels from the seventeen West African countries while under status of COVID-19 patient, recovery, death and active cases were the three fixed levels used. The data for the study were collected based on the monthly recorded number of the various COVID-19 cases (i.e. recovery cases, death cases and active cases out of the total confirmed cases) for the period from February to September, 2020. The data were retrieved from the reports on COVID-19 given by the respective country’s health authorities and published on their various websites. In effect, a mixed effect model was derived through formulation processes for the prediction of the various COVID-19 cases across West Africa. Also, different residual analyses were conducted for the model adequacy checking and it proved that the model was adequate in the estimation of the various COVID-19 cases in the West African Sub-region. This therefore makes it the first time experimental design and analysis has successfully been used for a study of this nature on the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Richard Ayamah

Mathematics/ICT Department, St. Joseph’s College of Education, Bechem, Ghana
Samuel Kwarteng

Mathematics/ICT Department, St. Joseph’s College of Education, Bechem, Ghana
Awudu Obeng

Mathematics/ICT Department, Wesley College of Education, Kumasi, Ghana
Patrick Kwame Babah

Mathematics/ICT Department, Ada College of Education, Ada, Ghana

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APA Style

Richard Ayamah, Samuel Kwarteng, Awudu Obeng, Patrick Kwame Babah. (2021). 32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. Mathematical Modelling and Applications, 6(2), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11

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ACS Style

Richard Ayamah; Samuel Kwarteng; Awudu Obeng; Patrick Kwame Babah. 32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. Math. Model. Appl. 2021, 6(2), 17-28. doi: 10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11

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AMA Style

Richard Ayamah, Samuel Kwarteng, Awudu Obeng, Patrick Kwame Babah. 32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. Math Model Appl. 2021;6(2):17-28. doi: 10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11,
  author = {Richard Ayamah and Samuel Kwarteng and Awudu Obeng and Patrick Kwame Babah},
  title = {32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa},
  journal = {Mathematical Modelling and Applications},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {17-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mma.20210602.11},
  abstract = {The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This research is therefore aimed at using experimental design to derive a model for the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. In effect, 32 factorial design with mixed factors was used to design the data layout with country as the random factor and status of COVID-19 patient as the fixed factor. Under country, Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana were randomly selected as the three levels from the seventeen West African countries while under status of COVID-19 patient, recovery, death and active cases were the three fixed levels used. The data for the study were collected based on the monthly recorded number of the various COVID-19 cases (i.e. recovery cases, death cases and active cases out of the total confirmed cases) for the period from February to September, 2020. The data were retrieved from the reports on COVID-19 given by the respective country’s health authorities and published on their various websites. In effect, a mixed effect model was derived through formulation processes for the prediction of the various COVID-19 cases across West Africa. Also, different residual analyses were conducted for the model adequacy checking and it proved that the model was adequate in the estimation of the various COVID-19 cases in the West African Sub-region. This therefore makes it the first time experimental design and analysis has successfully been used for a study of this nature on the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - 32 Factorial Design and Model for the Spread of COVID-19 in West Africa
AU  - Richard Ayamah
AU  - Samuel Kwarteng
AU  - Awudu Obeng
AU  - Patrick Kwame Babah
Y1  - 2021/06/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11
T2  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
JF  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
JO  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
SP  - 17
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1794
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210602.11
AB  - The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This research is therefore aimed at using experimental design to derive a model for the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. In effect, 32 factorial design with mixed factors was used to design the data layout with country as the random factor and status of COVID-19 patient as the fixed factor. Under country, Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana were randomly selected as the three levels from the seventeen West African countries while under status of COVID-19 patient, recovery, death and active cases were the three fixed levels used. The data for the study were collected based on the monthly recorded number of the various COVID-19 cases (i.e. recovery cases, death cases and active cases out of the total confirmed cases) for the period from February to September, 2020. The data were retrieved from the reports on COVID-19 given by the respective country’s health authorities and published on their various websites. In effect, a mixed effect model was derived through formulation processes for the prediction of the various COVID-19 cases across West Africa. Also, different residual analyses were conducted for the model adequacy checking and it proved that the model was adequate in the estimation of the various COVID-19 cases in the West African Sub-region. This therefore makes it the first time experimental design and analysis has successfully been used for a study of this nature on the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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