Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020

Martha Malasa; Lungowe Sitali; Nyambe Sinyange; Busiku Hamainza; Patrick Musonda

doi:doi:10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17

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Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020

Martha Malasa, Lungowe Sitali, Nyambe Sinyange, Busiku Hamainza, Patrick Musonda

Published in Science, Technology & Public Policy (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 21 October 2021 Accepted: 15 December 2021 Published: 21 June 2022

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Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Zambia. Malaria hotspots pose a challenge to attaining malaria elimination by 2021. Identifying predictors of malaria in hotspots and geographically adjacent areas might reveal important information about how to achieve this goal. Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres (RHCs) in Southern Province have been receiving the same intervention package since 2014, yet malaria incidence in 2019 were 6/1000 and 117/1000, respectively. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with malaria transmission in these two RHC catchment areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs, where a pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 340 consenting participants tested for malaria during January-February 2020. Data collected included: age; education level; malaria knowledge; insecticide treated nets (ITN) possession and use; indoor residual spraying (IRS); travel history; index case follow-up; outdoor activities; and presence of stagnant water. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done using Stata. Results: At Sompani RHC, 50% (85/170) of participants had malaria during January-February 2020 compared to Munyumbwe with 5.9% (10/170). The study also showed that respondents from Munyumbwe RHC had 80% reduced chance of acquiring malaria compared to those from Sompani (AOR = 0.2; p = 0.001). Travelling outside the district was associated with malaria (AOR = 29.48; p < 0.0001) only at Sompani RHC. In both areas, participants who utilized ITNs had reduced odds of acquiring malaria than those who never utilized (AOR = 0.28 p = 0.04), (AOR=0.11 p = 0.006) at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHC respectively. Index case follow-up was lower in Sompani (6%) than Munyumbwe (90%) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the ratio of Community Health workers to the catchment population for Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs were 1:500 and 1:1250 respectively. Conclusion: Travelling outside the district was a unique predictor of malaria. Additionally, only a minority of index cases is followed up in Sompani, in contrast to Munyumbwe due to inadequate number of CHWs. Providing malaria prophylaxis to travelers, training CHWs and strengthening index case follow-up are potential strategies to control malaria in Sompani and Munyumbwe.

Published in	Science, Technology & Public Policy (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17
Page(s)	49-56
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Malaria, Malaria Transmission, Intervention Package, Vision

References

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Martha Malasa, Lungowe Sitali, Nyambe Sinyange, Busiku Hamainza, Patrick Musonda. (2022). Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020. Science, Technology & Public Policy, 6(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17

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ACS Style

Martha Malasa; Lungowe Sitali; Nyambe Sinyange; Busiku Hamainza; Patrick Musonda. Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020. Sci. Technol. Public Policy 2022, 6(1), 49-56. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17

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Martha Malasa, Lungowe Sitali, Nyambe Sinyange, Busiku Hamainza, Patrick Musonda. Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020. Sci Technol Public Policy. 2022;6(1):49-56. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17

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@article{10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17,
  author = {Martha Malasa and Lungowe Sitali and Nyambe Sinyange and Busiku Hamainza and Patrick Musonda},
  title = {Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020},
  journal = {Science, Technology & Public Policy},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49-56},
  doi = {10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.stpp.20220601.17},
  abstract = {Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Zambia. Malaria hotspots pose a challenge to attaining malaria elimination by 2021. Identifying predictors of malaria in hotspots and geographically adjacent areas might reveal important information about how to achieve this goal. Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres (RHCs) in Southern Province have been receiving the same intervention package since 2014, yet malaria incidence in 2019 were 6/1000 and 117/1000, respectively. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with malaria transmission in these two RHC catchment areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs, where a pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 340 consenting participants tested for malaria during January-February 2020. Data collected included: age; education level; malaria knowledge; insecticide treated nets (ITN) possession and use; indoor residual spraying (IRS); travel history; index case follow-up; outdoor activities; and presence of stagnant water. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done using Stata. Results: At Sompani RHC, 50% (85/170) of participants had malaria during January-February 2020 compared to Munyumbwe with 5.9% (10/170). The study also showed that respondents from Munyumbwe RHC had 80% reduced chance of acquiring malaria compared to those from Sompani (AOR = 0.2; p = 0.001). Travelling outside the district was associated with malaria (AOR = 29.48; p < 0.0001) only at Sompani RHC. In both areas, participants who utilized ITNs had reduced odds of acquiring malaria than those who never utilized (AOR = 0.28 p = 0.04), (AOR=0.11 p = 0.006) at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHC respectively. Index case follow-up was lower in Sompani (6%) than Munyumbwe (90%) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the ratio of Community Health workers to the catchment population for Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs were 1:500 and 1:1250 respectively. Conclusion: Travelling outside the district was a unique predictor of malaria. Additionally, only a minority of index cases is followed up in Sompani, in contrast to Munyumbwe due to inadequate number of CHWs. Providing malaria prophylaxis to travelers, training CHWs and strengthening index case follow-up are potential strategies to control malaria in Sompani and Munyumbwe.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020
AU  - Martha Malasa
AU  - Lungowe Sitali
AU  - Nyambe Sinyange
AU  - Busiku Hamainza
AU  - Patrick Musonda
Y1  - 2022/06/21
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17
T2  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JF  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JO  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
SP  - 49
EP  - 56
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4621
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17
AB  - Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Zambia. Malaria hotspots pose a challenge to attaining malaria elimination by 2021. Identifying predictors of malaria in hotspots and geographically adjacent areas might reveal important information about how to achieve this goal. Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres (RHCs) in Southern Province have been receiving the same intervention package since 2014, yet malaria incidence in 2019 were 6/1000 and 117/1000, respectively. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with malaria transmission in these two RHC catchment areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs, where a pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 340 consenting participants tested for malaria during January-February 2020. Data collected included: age; education level; malaria knowledge; insecticide treated nets (ITN) possession and use; indoor residual spraying (IRS); travel history; index case follow-up; outdoor activities; and presence of stagnant water. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done using Stata. Results: At Sompani RHC, 50% (85/170) of participants had malaria during January-February 2020 compared to Munyumbwe with 5.9% (10/170). The study also showed that respondents from Munyumbwe RHC had 80% reduced chance of acquiring malaria compared to those from Sompani (AOR = 0.2; p = 0.001). Travelling outside the district was associated with malaria (AOR = 29.48; p < 0.0001) only at Sompani RHC. In both areas, participants who utilized ITNs had reduced odds of acquiring malaria than those who never utilized (AOR = 0.28 p = 0.04), (AOR=0.11 p = 0.006) at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHC respectively. Index case follow-up was lower in Sompani (6%) than Munyumbwe (90%) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the ratio of Community Health workers to the catchment population for Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs were 1:500 and 1:1250 respectively. Conclusion: Travelling outside the district was a unique predictor of malaria. Additionally, only a minority of index cases is followed up in Sompani, in contrast to Munyumbwe due to inadequate number of CHWs. Providing malaria prophylaxis to travelers, training CHWs and strengthening index case follow-up are potential strategies to control malaria in Sompani and Munyumbwe.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Martha Malasa

Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Lungowe Sitali

Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Nyambe Sinyange

Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
Busiku Hamainza

National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
Patrick Musonda

Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

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APA Style

Martha Malasa, Lungowe Sitali, Nyambe Sinyange, Busiku Hamainza, Patrick Musonda. (2022). Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020. Science, Technology & Public Policy, 6(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17

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Martha Malasa; Lungowe Sitali; Nyambe Sinyange; Busiku Hamainza; Patrick Musonda. Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020. Sci. Technol. Public Policy 2022, 6(1), 49-56. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17

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AMA Style

Martha Malasa, Lungowe Sitali, Nyambe Sinyange, Busiku Hamainza, Patrick Musonda. Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020. Sci Technol Public Policy. 2022;6(1):49-56. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17,
  author = {Martha Malasa and Lungowe Sitali and Nyambe Sinyange and Busiku Hamainza and Patrick Musonda},
  title = {Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020},
  journal = {Science, Technology & Public Policy},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49-56},
  doi = {10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.stpp.20220601.17},
  abstract = {Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Zambia. Malaria hotspots pose a challenge to attaining malaria elimination by 2021. Identifying predictors of malaria in hotspots and geographically adjacent areas might reveal important information about how to achieve this goal. Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres (RHCs) in Southern Province have been receiving the same intervention package since 2014, yet malaria incidence in 2019 were 6/1000 and 117/1000, respectively. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with malaria transmission in these two RHC catchment areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs, where a pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 340 consenting participants tested for malaria during January-February 2020. Data collected included: age; education level; malaria knowledge; insecticide treated nets (ITN) possession and use; indoor residual spraying (IRS); travel history; index case follow-up; outdoor activities; and presence of stagnant water. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done using Stata. Results: At Sompani RHC, 50% (85/170) of participants had malaria during January-February 2020 compared to Munyumbwe with 5.9% (10/170). The study also showed that respondents from Munyumbwe RHC had 80% reduced chance of acquiring malaria compared to those from Sompani (AOR = 0.2; p = 0.001). Travelling outside the district was associated with malaria (AOR = 29.48; p < 0.0001) only at Sompani RHC. In both areas, participants who utilized ITNs had reduced odds of acquiring malaria than those who never utilized (AOR = 0.28 p = 0.04), (AOR=0.11 p = 0.006) at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHC respectively. Index case follow-up was lower in Sompani (6%) than Munyumbwe (90%) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the ratio of Community Health workers to the catchment population for Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs were 1:500 and 1:1250 respectively. Conclusion: Travelling outside the district was a unique predictor of malaria. Additionally, only a minority of index cases is followed up in Sompani, in contrast to Munyumbwe due to inadequate number of CHWs. Providing malaria prophylaxis to travelers, training CHWs and strengthening index case follow-up are potential strategies to control malaria in Sompani and Munyumbwe.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020
AU  - Martha Malasa
AU  - Lungowe Sitali
AU  - Nyambe Sinyange
AU  - Busiku Hamainza
AU  - Patrick Musonda
Y1  - 2022/06/21
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17
T2  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JF  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JO  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
SP  - 49
EP  - 56
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4621
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17
AB  - Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Zambia. Malaria hotspots pose a challenge to attaining malaria elimination by 2021. Identifying predictors of malaria in hotspots and geographically adjacent areas might reveal important information about how to achieve this goal. Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres (RHCs) in Southern Province have been receiving the same intervention package since 2014, yet malaria incidence in 2019 were 6/1000 and 117/1000, respectively. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with malaria transmission in these two RHC catchment areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs, where a pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 340 consenting participants tested for malaria during January-February 2020. Data collected included: age; education level; malaria knowledge; insecticide treated nets (ITN) possession and use; indoor residual spraying (IRS); travel history; index case follow-up; outdoor activities; and presence of stagnant water. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done using Stata. Results: At Sompani RHC, 50% (85/170) of participants had malaria during January-February 2020 compared to Munyumbwe with 5.9% (10/170). The study also showed that respondents from Munyumbwe RHC had 80% reduced chance of acquiring malaria compared to those from Sompani (AOR = 0.2; p = 0.001). Travelling outside the district was associated with malaria (AOR = 29.48; p < 0.0001) only at Sompani RHC. In both areas, participants who utilized ITNs had reduced odds of acquiring malaria than those who never utilized (AOR = 0.28 p = 0.04), (AOR=0.11 p = 0.006) at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHC respectively. Index case follow-up was lower in Sompani (6%) than Munyumbwe (90%) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the ratio of Community Health workers to the catchment population for Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs were 1:500 and 1:1250 respectively. Conclusion: Travelling outside the district was a unique predictor of malaria. Additionally, only a minority of index cases is followed up in Sompani, in contrast to Munyumbwe due to inadequate number of CHWs. Providing malaria prophylaxis to travelers, training CHWs and strengthening index case follow-up are potential strategies to control malaria in Sompani and Munyumbwe.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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