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Knowledge and Attitudes on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues Among Sendafa High School and Preparatory Students
Desalegn Neme,
Matifan Dereje Olana
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
134-139
Received:
8 July 2019
Accepted:
6 August 2019
Published:
5 September 2019
Abstract: The world population is composed of 18% of adolescents (10–19 years) and 26% of young people (10–24 years). Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge is an important predictor of an individual's sexual behavior. Adolescents in sub Saharan Africa, including the current study setting, Ethiopia has limited knowledge and attitude about sexual issues. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess knowledge and attitudes on sexual and reproductive health issues among Sendafa high school and preparatory students. Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from May to July, 2016 G.C., at Sendafa high school and preparatory students. All unmarried and aged 13-24, who are attending school during the data collection were included in the study. Study participants were interviewed about their socio demographic characteristics and their knowledge and attitudes on sexual and reproductive health issues using structured questionnaire. A total of 304 Sendafa high school students were assessed for Knowledge and attitudes on sexual and reproductive health issues during study period. Out of the total, 165 (54.3%) were male and 139 (45.7%) were females. Two hundred forty eight 248 (81.5%) of the students knew about sexual transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDs 206 (67.7%) and Gonorrhea 80 (26.3%). The most frequent sources of information about SRH issue were 158 (51.9%), 151 (49.6%) and (45 (14.8%), school, Media and peers respectively. According to the finding of the current study knowledge and attitudes on sexual and reproductive health issues among Sendafa high school and preparatory students is good but need improvement.
Abstract: The world population is composed of 18% of adolescents (10–19 years) and 26% of young people (10–24 years). Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge is an important predictor of an individual's sexual behavior. Adolescents in sub Saharan Africa, including the current study setting, Ethiopia has limited knowledge and attitude about sexual issu...
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Vitamin C Ameliorates the Antifertility Effects of Inhaled Marijuana in Rats
Udokang Nsikak Ephraim,
Udom Utibe Godwin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
140-150
Received:
20 May 2019
Accepted:
26 June 2019
Published:
25 September 2019
Abstract: This study was carried out with a total of forty (40) male wistar rats randomly divided into four groups of ten (10) rats per group. Group 1 was the control and was treated with distilled water, group 2 was the low dose group (exposed to marijuana smoke for 5 minutes daily), group 3 was the high dose group (exposed to marijuana smoke for 10 minutes daily) and group 4 was the high dose + vitamin C group (exposed to marijuana smoke for 10 minutes and orally gavaged with vitamin C at 2.8 mg/kg body weight daily). The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day and testes were collected. Semen sample were collected and analyzed of Total sperm cell in sample (106/ml), Sperm Concentration (106/ml), Number of Motile sperm, Progressivity, Velocity of Active Path (µm/s). Testicular histology was carried out. The result showed a dose-dependent decrease in all the measured parameters in groups treated with marijuana (group 2 and 3) and an almost equivalent value with the control group for the group treated with marijuana + vitamin C (group 4). The testicular histological section reveals hypochromic section seminiferous tubules with swollen germinal cells and spermatogenic lining cell and irregular alignment of myoid cells for the group 2 and 3 when compared with the control group. But these damages were observed to be ameliorated in the marijuana + vitamin C group (group 4). From this result, it can therefore be concluded that marijuana possesses an antifertility property as seen in the decrease in total sperm count, Sperm Concentration, Number of Motile sperm, Progressivity, Velocity of Active Path and deformation of the testes of rats in this study. Also that vitamin C can ameliorate the antifertility effects of inhaled marijuana in rats.
Abstract: This study was carried out with a total of forty (40) male wistar rats randomly divided into four groups of ten (10) rats per group. Group 1 was the control and was treated with distilled water, group 2 was the low dose group (exposed to marijuana smoke for 5 minutes daily), group 3 was the high dose group (exposed to marijuana smoke for 10 minutes...
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Comparison of Methods for Processing Missing Values in Large Sample Survey Data
Lingling Wang,
Dandan Zhang,
Jiali Duan,
Ruoran Lyu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
151-158
Received:
25 August 2019
Accepted:
16 September 2019
Published:
26 September 2019
Abstract: Missing data occurs in every field and most researchers choose simple approach to deal with. But this approach may introduce bias and result in inaccurate results. In this study, we will explore the method suitable for large sample and multivariate missing data patterns. In this paper, we utilized a cross-sectional survey data, providing information about youth health risk behavior in Beijing. Using R to simulate random missing data sets with different proportion of missing data based on the survey data set. For each of the missing data set, complete case analysis (CCA), single imputation (SI) and multiple imputation (MI) were adopted to process this and overall 30 complete data sets were obtained. Finally, logistic regression was used to analysis these complete data sets. The indicator (Akaike's Information Criterion, AIC) is used to evaluate both advantages and disadvantages of the three methods and the other indicators such as the significance of the regression coefficients (β), the fraction of missing information (FMI) are utilized to evaluate the applicability of the MI. Compared with the original data set K, the value of AIC of data sets processed by CCA and SI gradually decreases and the relative error gradually increases with the increase of the proportion of missing data. The value of AIC of data sets processed by MI changes slightly. With the increase of the proportion of missing data, especially more than 30%, the meaningless variables of the regression coefficient and the value of FMI gradually increased. Under different proportion of missing data, the MI performs well compared with CCA and SI. When dealing with missing values under MCAR, we recommend using MI instead of CCA and SI. Second, the changing of FMI can also be used as an indicator of MI to process missing data. Third, it is suitable for MI to process large sample survey data, and no more than 30% of proportion of missing data is the proper scope of application of MI.
Abstract: Missing data occurs in every field and most researchers choose simple approach to deal with. But this approach may introduce bias and result in inaccurate results. In this study, we will explore the method suitable for large sample and multivariate missing data patterns. In this paper, we utilized a cross-sectional survey data, providing informatio...
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Significance of Serum IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 Detection in Patients with Hyperthyroidism and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism
Li Hongyan,
Zhang Chunhui,
Wang Hongsheng,
Xu Qian
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
159-162
Received:
22 July 2019
Accepted:
Published:
27 September 2019
Abstract: Objective: This paper is to explore the relationship between IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and the development of hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Methods The serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 were determined in 251 cases of hyperthyroidism, 242 cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism and 130 cases of normal control. Results The level of IL-2 in hyperthyroidism group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01), and the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01); The level of IL-2 in subclinical hyperthyroidism group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-2 in hyperthyroidism group was lower than that in subclinical hyperthyroidism group, and the level of IL-6 and IL-8 were higher than those in subclinical hyperthyroidism group. The two groups of IL-2 were negatively correlated with serum FT3, FT 4, TT3, and TT4, and IL-6 and IL-8 were positively correlated with serum FT3, FT 4, TT3, and TT4. Conclusions IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 all participated in the development process of hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, which contributed to the early discovery of subclinical hyperthyroidism.
Abstract: Objective: This paper is to explore the relationship between IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and the development of hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Methods The serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 were determined in 251 cases of hyperthyroidism, 242 cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism and 130 cases of normal control. Results The level of IL-2 in ...
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The Control of Tropical Diseases Is the Health Goal to Achieve
Gilberto Antonio Bastidas Pacheco,
Daniel Alejandro Bastidas Delgado,
Geraldine Eleanni Bastidas Delgado
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
163-166
Received:
9 September 2019
Accepted:
29 September 2019
Published:
10 October 2019
Abstract: In the world, one billion people are affected by tropical diseases, mainly people with low economic resources in rural and marginal urban regions. Being an important public health problem, prevention and control have been attempted. Achieving relevant progress in this regard. The objective is to show aspects related to the sanitary approach of tropical diseases. Based on the documentary review of virtual databases based on systematic analysis. The findings were grouped into: advances in the control of tropical diseases; tropical diseases from the prism of human rights; and challenges to consider for the maintenance of the control and extension of the prevention of tropical diseases. It is concluded that despite the complexity of the transmission of tropical diseases, great advances have been made in the control and prevention of some of them; that the principles of participation, non-discrimination and responsibility guarantee the human right to health in tropical diseases; that the progress achieved in the control and prevention of tropical diseases requires international support, consideration of environmental factors, timely health response, professional training, community participation and the promotion of research on the subject.
Abstract: In the world, one billion people are affected by tropical diseases, mainly people with low economic resources in rural and marginal urban regions. Being an important public health problem, prevention and control have been attempted. Achieving relevant progress in this regard. The objective is to show aspects related to the sanitary approach of trop...
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Antituberculosis Drugs Resistance and Treatment Outcomes Among Retreatment Patients in Guinea: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Tamba Kallas Tonguino,
Tamba Mina Millimouno,
Boubacar Djelo Diallo,
Alexandre Delamou,
Nimer Ortuno Gutierrez,
Mory Camara,
Boubacar Bah,
Oumou Younoussa Sow
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
167-173
Received:
9 September 2019
Accepted:
24 September 2019
Published:
11 October 2019
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global outbreak whose drug resistance is a constant threat. This study aimed at describing anti-TB drugs resistance and treatment outcomes among retreatment TB patients in Guinea between 2008 and 2012. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a sample of 558 patients aged of at least 10, who were admitted for TB retreatment and who were tested for anti-TB drugs susceptibility during the study period. Overall, 3187 retreatment TB patients were recorded from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 in Guinea, of which 558 (17.5%) performed susceptibility testing to anti-TB drugs. We found overall resistance in 417 cases (74.7%) including 356 (85.4%) of multidrug resistance (MDR), 29 (6.9%) of monoresistance (isoniazid 2.9%, streptomycin 2.9%, rifampicin 0.9%, ethambutol 0.2%) and 32 (7.7% of polydrug resistance (isoniazid + streptomycin 4.3%, rifampicin + streptomycin 1.4%, isoniazid + ethambutol + streptomycin 1.0%, rifampicin + ethambutol + streptomycin 1.0%). Most of the patients (84.6%) with anti-TB drugs resistance were under 45 and labourers were mostly represented (27.8%) including drivers in majority (37.9%). MDR-TB incidence rate increased by 12.2% between 2008 (65.6%) and 2012 (77.8%), and the annual cure rate decreased gradually from 60.0% in 2009 to 45.7% in 2012. Among MDR-TB patients (n= 356), only 112 (31.5%) benefited from second-line treatment regimen, of which, 51.7% were cured, 6.3% completed treatment, 24.1% died, 6.3% were lost to follow-up and 11.6% were not evaluated. The cure rate was higher in HIV-negative patients (55.3%) than in those who were HIV-positive (35.3%) and the death rate was the highest (41.2%) in HIV-positive patients. Overall, treatment success rate was 58.0%. This study revealed a low rate of performing drug susceptibility testing, the gradual increase of the incidence of MDR-TB each year and the gradual decrease of cure rate from year to year. Besides, anti-TB drugs resistance concerned mostly drivers in our context. Prospective studies are needed for a deep understanding of the factors associated with these persistent challenges.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global outbreak whose drug resistance is a constant threat. This study aimed at describing anti-TB drugs resistance and treatment outcomes among retreatment TB patients in Guinea between 2008 and 2012. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a sample of 558 patients aged of at least 10, who were admitted for TB retreat...
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Oral Status and Financial Accessibility to the Care of the Beneficiaries of the General Mutual of Officials and Agents of Côte d'Ivoire
Sangare Abou Dramane,
Samba Mamadou,
Meless Guanga David,
Akossi Claude Marcel,
Datte Atta Sébastien,
Nouaman Nzebo Marcellin,
Nzore Kangah Serge,
Da-danho Viviane,
Guinan Jean Claude,
Bakayoko-Ly Ramata
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
174-180
Received:
4 September 2019
Accepted:
5 October 2019
Published:
28 October 2019
Abstract: In many developing countries, the establishment of insurance mechanisms is recommended to remove the financial barrier related to access to care. In Côte d'Ivoire, the General Mutual of State Employees and Agents (Mugefci) pursues this objective. However, concerns remain about the ability of this prepayment mechanism alone to ensure effective consumption of oral health care. The purpose of this paper, which is to contribute to the optimal use of insurance mechanisms, was to assess the accessibility of the oral health care of Mugefci beneficiaries. The cross-sectional study, which was conducted by the Medical Service for Civil Servants, concerned Mugefci beneficiaries who had come for medical consultation. The data collected included decayed tooth indices, absent due to caries or obturated, the DMF index, the time of the recourse and the reasons for giving up dental care as well as the willingness to pay for the care. The numbers and frequencies related to these variables have been calculated. 216 Mugefci beneficiaries participated in the study. The prevalence of caries was 50.9%, with a DMF index of 4.2. Self-medication was the first therapeutic remedy (47.7%) and 18.1% of beneficiaries reported that they had given up care due to lack of money. 47.2% of beneficiaries had a poor perception of dental care. The study showed that the existence of health insurance does not guarantee effective access to care. The availability of a quality care offer, the improvement of insurance coverage and the information of the beneficiaries about the services offered are factors to be taken into account to ensure effective consumption of oral health care.
Abstract: In many developing countries, the establishment of insurance mechanisms is recommended to remove the financial barrier related to access to care. In Côte d'Ivoire, the General Mutual of State Employees and Agents (Mugefci) pursues this objective. However, concerns remain about the ability of this prepayment mechanism alone to ensure effective consu...
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