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Research on Design Method Optimization of Combined Sewer Overflow Detention Tank
Tang Lei,
Jia Shuhui,
Wang Weiwei,
Wu Song,
Yi Qingsong
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-9
Received:
14 December 2019
Accepted:
3 January 2020
Published:
21 January 2020
Abstract: Detention tank is widely used in urban waterlogging control, rainwater runoff pollution control, combined sewer overflow (CSO) control and rainwater utilization, etc. For detention tanks in different types or functions, their design methods, construction forms and ways of operation and management are very different. In recent years, many cities in China have begun to apply or plan to build CSO detention tanks to control the CSO pollution, but there are still many problems and puzzles in designing the tank. This paper summarizes and evaluates the common design methods of CSO detention tank at China and abroad. Based on the physical projects in which the author has participated in, the scale and control effect of the CSO detention tank are studied by model simulation, taking a combined sewer system catchment in the Beijing old city as examples. Based on the analysis, the long-term simulation method is recommended for designing of CSO detention tanks in China, and a design criteria suitable for a larger range can be determined through research and analysis of a typical and representative area if there is no way to research every area. At last, several key factors that affect greatly the scale and pollutant control efficiency of CSO detention tank are summarized and analyzed, including objectives of CSO control, rainfall characteristics, CSO pollutants transport law, interception multiple, capacity of wastewater treatment plant, space conditions and investment, layout of detention tank and operation mode of detention tank. Hope to provide reference for the scientific designing of CSO detention tank and realize cost-effectively controlling CSO in cities of China.
Abstract: Detention tank is widely used in urban waterlogging control, rainwater runoff pollution control, combined sewer overflow (CSO) control and rainwater utilization, etc. For detention tanks in different types or functions, their design methods, construction forms and ways of operation and management are very different. In recent years, many cities in ...
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Marine Autonomous Surface Ship - A Great Challenge to Maritime Education and Training
Wang Deling,
Wu Dongkui,
Huang Changhai,
Wu Changyue
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
10-16
Received:
15 December 2019
Accepted:
4 January 2020
Published:
21 January 2020
Abstract: As the rapid development of modern science and technology, significant progresses have been made in the research and testing of the Marine Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS). The navigation of traditional ships is based on seafarers, who makes all the decisions and operations. In the future, ships may be controlled and operated autonomously without intervention of human if MASS can reach the level of unmanned control. It can be predicted that the wider application of MASS will bring great changes to the shipping industry, and pose great challenges to seafarers knowledge structure, talent cultivation and etc. The application of new technologies on MASS, i.e. integrated bridge systems, environmental information perception, collision avoidance path planning, cyber-physical systems, track control, internet of things, cloud computing, big data, automation, remote control, satellite and communication, fault diagnosis and etc., will in no doubt bring new requirements to seafarers’ navigation knowledge and skills, and pose great challenges on the Maritime Education and Training (MET). Based on the new science and technologies to be applied on ships, this paper analyses the competence requirements of seafarers on MASS in different development level, predicts the impacts of MASS on MET and put forward the direction of seafarers’ MET in future.
Abstract: As the rapid development of modern science and technology, significant progresses have been made in the research and testing of the Marine Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS). The navigation of traditional ships is based on seafarers, who makes all the decisions and operations. In the future, ships may be controlled and operated autonomously without int...
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Modelling Torrential Rain Flows in Urban Territories: Floods - Natural Channels (The Case Study of Madeira Island)
Sérgio Lousada,
Luís Loures
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
17-30
Received:
9 October 2019
Accepted:
10 January 2020
Published:
4 February 2020
Abstract: The understanding of flood phenomena regarding torrential rain, occurring in natural channels within urban areas represents a crucial aspect to increase safety and life´s standards of the populations, issues that are deeply related to a well-developed sustainable urban and spatial planning. In this regard, flows inside urban areas have great heterogeneity, therefore their characterization requires a formulation which explicitly incorporates this spatial variability. The present study intends to establish a parallel between the selected models, numerical and reduced, enabling to examine their contributions regarding the flow characterization and water height in natural channels within urban settlements located near the river mouth and inserted in hydrographic basins with accentuated orography, as is the case of Funchal urban area at Madeira Island. Based on the available resources, the geometric simplicity of the study case and the results, the most appropriate method is the programmed spreadsheet, providing prompt and reliable information for the design of better adapted hydraulic structures that can face this extreme phenomenon, checking the adaptability of existing structures, as well as in the decision-making process concerning urban planning, safeguarding the populations in similar conditions.
Abstract: The understanding of flood phenomena regarding torrential rain, occurring in natural channels within urban areas represents a crucial aspect to increase safety and life´s standards of the populations, issues that are deeply related to a well-developed sustainable urban and spatial planning. In this regard, flows inside urban areas have great hetero...
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Economic Modeling of Water Need Determination in Lebanon: Implication for Lebanon’s Agriculture
Bassam Hamdar,
Abbas Hamdan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
31-38
Received:
26 September 2019
Accepted:
31 January 2020
Published:
11 February 2020
Abstract: The Arabian orient from the end of World War II on has been boiling with conflicts, the underlying reason ever since, natural resources. The vassal states created by the French and the British after their victory in the Great War had their borders drawn on the premise of distributing this wealth. However; priorities in the region are starting to shift. With the rising prices, diminishing reserves of oil and the discovery of larger deposits in other regions of the world, the dependence on solar and renewable energy sources is gaining an equivalent strategic importance, water is becoming a major player in the region’s politics, and it is the new strategic asset. Whether in energy production or agriculture, water, is a more suitable substitute to produce electricity at lower costs, a perfect substitute to oil and gas, and safer than nuclear energy. This paper aims at revealing the wasted wealth of water that Lebanon has thirsty neighbors look upon to have. Lebanon is a small piece of land, which God almighty has blessed with annual rain that averages between 8 to 10 billion m3, a figure that can easily classify as a strategic asset. The regions` limited fresh water resources will determine the future political alliances and will possess the key to trigger wars. This paper also demonstrates how the increase in agricultural production would lead to an increase in water needed for irrigation that varies according to the nature of the crops considered by this study i.e., Wheat, Veggies, Citrus, and Apples. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was utilized to determine the needed water per crop per ton. A regression model with four independent variables was used to cover Wheat, Veggies, Citrus, and Apples, along with one dependent variable, the level of water needed. The findings indicated that for every ton of wheat produced 14 MCM of water is needed, and for every ton of veggies produced 0.002 MCM of water is needed, moreover, for every ton of citrus produced 0.006 MCM of water is needed, and finally, for every ton of apple produced 0.035 MCM of water is needed.
Abstract: The Arabian orient from the end of World War II on has been boiling with conflicts, the underlying reason ever since, natural resources. The vassal states created by the French and the British after their victory in the Great War had their borders drawn on the premise of distributing this wealth. However; priorities in the region are starting to sh...
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A National Scale Assessment of Temporal Variations in Groundwater Discharge to Rivers: Malawi
Laura Kelly,
Douglas Bertram,
Robert Kalin,
Cosmo Ngongondo,
Hyde Sibande
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
39-49
Received:
14 December 2019
Accepted:
20 February 2020
Published:
28 February 2020
Abstract: This study presents the first national-scale assessment of temporal variations in the Base Flow Index (BFI) for watercourses in Malawi. A proxy indicator of groundwater discharge to rivers, the BFI is a measure of the ratio of long term baseflow to total river flow and is a key parameter for sustainable water resources management. The smoothed minima technique was applied to river flow data from 68 river gauges across Malawi (data records ranging from 11-64 years). The long-term average annual BFI for each gauged site was determined, as well as seasonal values of BFI. The Mann Kendal (MK) statistical test was used to identify trends in the BFI. Average annual BFI was 0.57, average wet season BFI was 0.52 and average dry season BFI was 0.97. This indicates that 57%, 52% and 97% of the total river flow is derived from groundwater and other stored sources in the annual, wet and dry season periods respectively. These results show that baseflow in Malawi follows a seasonal pattern with minimal differences between the average annual and average wet season BFI; however, significant increases are generally seen in the dry season BFI. The results also found long-term behavioural changes in BFI across all periods. Annually, 74% showed no trend, 10% showed an increasing trend and 16% showed a decreasing trend. The wet season trends showed similar values with 66% showing no trend, 16% showing an increasing trend and 18% showing a decreasing trend. In contrast, for the dry season, 93% showed no trend, 1% showed an increasing trend and 6% showed a decreasing trend. The dataset determined in this study can support sustainable water resources management in Malawi and contribute to measuring its progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6.
Abstract: This study presents the first national-scale assessment of temporal variations in the Base Flow Index (BFI) for watercourses in Malawi. A proxy indicator of groundwater discharge to rivers, the BFI is a measure of the ratio of long term baseflow to total river flow and is a key parameter for sustainable water resources management. The smoothed mini...
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Study on IMO New Requirement: Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Data Collection and Reporting
Wang Deling,
Chen Yuli,
Huang Changhai,
Chen Liang,
Wu Changyue
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
50-59
Received:
23 January 2020
Accepted:
19 February 2020
Published:
24 March 2020
Abstract: The increase of heat in the Earth’s atmosphere caused by greenhouse gases emissions has changed the natural climate variability, resulting in the climate change. According to the Third IMO GHG Study 2014, international shipping has emitted 866 million tonnes of GHG per year on average between 2007 and 2012 which represented approximately 2.4% of global GHG emissions. In order to mandatorily implement the ship fuel consumption data collection and reporting scheme, IMO adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI on data collection system for fuel oil consumption of ships by the resolution MEPC.278 (70), in which a new "Regulation 22A-Collection and reporting of ship fuel oil consumption data” was added, requiring that each ship of 5,000 gross tonnage and above, from calendar year 2019, shall collect the fuel consumption data as specified and report to its flag state. In order to implement properly the new regulations, this paper, supported by “a pilot project of shipboard fuel consumption data collection”, systematically analyses the IMO requirements for ship fuel consumption data collections and data collection methods. And based on the shipboard real practices and experiences, the whole process of data collection is demonstrated, and precautions and suggestions for more accurate data collection are also provided, for the easy reference by parties concerned such as ship masters, ship owners, managers, maritime authorities, etc.
Abstract: The increase of heat in the Earth’s atmosphere caused by greenhouse gases emissions has changed the natural climate variability, resulting in the climate change. According to the Third IMO GHG Study 2014, international shipping has emitted 866 million tonnes of GHG per year on average between 2007 and 2012 which represented approximately 2.4% of gl...
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