Synthesis and Analysis of Graphene Nano Composite
Pachiyappan Jayakaran,
Gnanasundaram Nirmala,
Govindarajan Lakshmanarao
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
43-48
Received:
30 November 2018
Accepted:
21 December 2018
Published:
22 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11
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Abstract: Graphene based composites have various applications in the modern world. In which synthesis of effective composite suitable for applications is a challenging task. One among the application area of graphene composite is in wastewater treatment. Water pollution is now a days consider to be a major global health and environmental issue affecting all ecosystems as well as life forms. While considering pollution the most dominant in creating pollution is found to be the industries and factories. Saying about the industries the available facilities in the water treatment is found to be the major challenges in treating of polluted water caused by heavy metals and dyes. In factories, only lower stage of wastewater treatment is alone found to be available. Some of the industries they are installing economical based treatment plant to manage the government policies and not following the pollutant removal completely. In such case, lower level pollutants alone found to be removed and higher-level hazardous metals and dyes are found to be not removed generally. To overcome such situation and support industries as well as factories introduction of economical adsorbent to remove the waste is the major proposal. This paper discusses various graphene-based adsorbents persisting in the removal of dye and heavy metals as well as synthesis of efficient Composite.
Abstract: Graphene based composites have various applications in the modern world. In which synthesis of effective composite suitable for applications is a challenging task. One among the application area of graphene composite is in wastewater treatment. Water pollution is now a days consider to be a major global health and environmental issue affecting all ...
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Hybridisation of Carbon Black: Cashew Nut Shell Powder as Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites
Okele Abdul-wahab Ilavbare,
Gimba Casmir Emmanuel,
Mamza Paul Andrew Ptileri,
Abba Hamza
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
49-54
Received:
4 December 2018
Accepted:
26 December 2018
Published:
22 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.cm.20180202.12
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Abstract: Cashew nut shell powder and carbon black were used as hybrid fillers to reinforce Natural rubber compound. The fillers; cashew nut shell powder and carbon black were loaded at 0, 30:0, 25:5, 20:10, 15:15, 10:20, 5:25 and 0:30 respectively. The cashew nut shell was carbonized and characterized for particle size, pH and moisture content, the results were 316.7d.nm, 8.13 and 0.58% respectively. The mechanical analysis viz; tensile strength, hardness, compression set and abrasion resistance were also carried out, the obtained results showed that hybridized compound with CNSP25/CB5 gave the best tensile strength of 5 Mpa as against the unfilled compound with 0.3 Mpa, this was also the same trend with the abrasion resistance with compound hybridized with CNSP25/CB 5 with the best abrasion resistance of 0.54% and was also the same compound with the best hardness result with hardness value of 47 IRHD, similar result was also obtained for compression set with the same composition with the best compression result of 6.3% compression set.
Abstract: Cashew nut shell powder and carbon black were used as hybrid fillers to reinforce Natural rubber compound. The fillers; cashew nut shell powder and carbon black were loaded at 0, 30:0, 25:5, 20:10, 15:15, 10:20, 5:25 and 0:30 respectively. The cashew nut shell was carbonized and characterized for particle size, pH and moisture content, the results ...
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Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction
Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi,
Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem,
Emuobosa Gold
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
55-60
Received:
20 October 2018
Accepted:
31 October 2018
Published:
29 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13
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Abstract: Plants are important in our everyday existence. They provide our foods, produce the oxygen we breathe, and serve as raw materials for many industrial products such as clothes, foot wears and so many others. Plants also provide raw materials for our buildings and in the manufacture of biofuels, dyes, perfumes, pesticides and drugs. In this research, Garcinia kola seeds were purchased locally and the seeds were deshelled, washed and allowed to dry. The extraction of oil was done using soxhlet extraction technique (hot method). After the extraction, Biodiesel was then produced from the oil using the Trans-esterification process. The already produced Oil and biodiesel were characterized for its physicochemical properties and the result compared to standards. The bitter kola biodiesel was also exposed to FTIR analysis to determine the functional groups and organic compounds inherent in the biodiesel produced. From the experimental result obtained, the produced were found to meet the ASTM standards for biodiesel. The results obtained from analysis of biodiesel from Garcinia kola include free fatty acid: 0.822%; acid value: 1.635mgKOH/g; specific gravity: 0.9; kinematic velocity: 1.714Cst; flash point: 45°C; pour point: 93°C; water content: 5.75%. Thus, the values obtained met with the ASTM standard. The percentage yield of oil from the Bitter kola seed is 34% and then the percentage yield from the bitter kola oil to the biodiesel is 62%. This shows that the poor yield of biodiesel from the seed would affect its usage as a Biofuel and this makes it not suitable to be used as a Biofuel. This research has shown that Garcinia kola seeds and oils are not good sources of Biodiesel. Therefore research should be on and going into more cheap and available materials in the production of biodiesel.
Abstract: Plants are important in our everyday existence. They provide our foods, produce the oxygen we breathe, and serve as raw materials for many industrial products such as clothes, foot wears and so many others. Plants also provide raw materials for our buildings and in the manufacture of biofuels, dyes, perfumes, pesticides and drugs. In this research,...
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