Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Transient Enhancement of Smart Grid Using SMES Controlled by PID and Fuzzy Logic Control

Received: May 20, 2020    Accepted: Jun. 03, 2020    Published: Jun. 17, 2020
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Abstract

A Smart Grid is an electrical system that is comprised of energy sources, controls, computers and equipment integrated to operate as a unit in the form of an electrical grid to respond to changing power demands. Renewable energy technologies such as a wind turbine are part of this unit. The output power of wind generators experiences dramatic daily fluctuations that are caused by changes in weather patterns. This may adversely affect the power quality and system. To mitigate the effects of these variations, energy storage devices (ESDs) such as superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) can be incorporated into the power system to enhance transient performance and inject or draw electricity to the grid as required. The important role of SMES in the system is to control the system by improving transient stability, which is achieved by use of control technologies. VSC-Based SMES has been used. In this paper, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and Fuzzy Logic control (FLC) are compared and contrasted. The goal in this paper is to determine which of the two control technologies provides a superior performance while also taking the computational complexity of the simulation into account. Two scenarios in the results have been performed in MATLAB/Simulink 2016b software and the simulation results have validated that FLC is more efficient compared to PID. However, FLC takes approximately 70% more control time.

DOI 10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12
Published in Engineering and Applied Sciences ( Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2020 )
Page(s) 56-65
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), One Line to Ground Fault (L-G), Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Energy Storage Devices (ESDs), Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)

References
[1] Y. Liu, Y. Tang, J. Shi, X. Shi, J. Deng and K. Gong, "Application of Small-Sized SMES in an EV Charging Station With DC Bus and PV System," in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1-6, June 2015, Art no. 5700406.
[2] M. Q. Duong, K. H. Le, F. Grimaccia, S. Leva, M. Mussetta and R. E. Zich, "Comparison of power quality in different grid-integrated wind turbines," 2014 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), Bucharest, 2014, pp. 448-452.
[3] Y. A. Sultan, S. S. Kaddah and M. A. Elhosseini, "Enhancing smart grid transient performance using storage device-based MPC controller," in IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1316-1324, 16 8 2017.
[4] Á. Ortega and F. Milano, "Generalized Model of VSC-Based Energy Storage Systems for Transient Stability Analysis," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3369-3380, Sept. 2016.
[5] M. H. Ali, B. Wu and R. A. Dougal, "An Overview of SMES Applications in Power and Energy Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 38-47, April 2010.
[6] W. Yuan et al., "Design and Test of a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Coil," in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1379-1382, June 2010.
[7] B. Kang, S. Kim, S. Bae and J. Park, "Effect of a SMES in Power Distribution Network With PV System and PBEVs," in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 5700104-5700104, June 2013, Art no. 5700104.
[8] X. Deng et al., "The Effect of Flux Diverters on Energy Storage Capacity and Heat Losses in a HTS SMES," in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1-5, June 2014, Art no. 5700105.
[9] C. A. Luongo, "Superconducting storage systems: an overview," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 2214-2223, July 1996.
[10] W. Buckles and W. V. Hassenzahl, "Superconducting magnetic energy storage," in IEEE Power Engineering Review, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 16-20, May 2000.
[11] Y. Q. Xing, J. X. Jin, Y. L. Wang, B. X. Du and S. C. Wang, "An Electric Vehicle Charging System Using an SMES Implanted Smart Grid," in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 1-4, Oct. 2016, Art no. 5701504.
[12] D. Wu, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, S. Gao and F. Li, "Transient Stability Analysis of SMES for Smart Grid With Vehicle-to-Grid Operation," in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 5701105-5701105, June 2012, Art no. 5701105.
[13] I. Kiaei and S. Lotfifard, "Tube-Based Model Predictive Control of Energy Storage Systems for Enhancing Transient Stability of Power Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 6438-6447, Nov. 2018.
[14] M. Hasan Ali, T. Murata and J. Tamura, "A Fuzzy Logic-Controlled Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Unit for Augmentation of Transient Stability," 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, Kuala Lumpur, 2005, pp. 1566-1571.
[15] M. H. Ali, J. Tamura and B. Wu, "SMES strategy to minimize frequency fluctuations of wind generator system," 2008 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, Orlando, FL, 2008, pp. 3382-3387.
[16] S. M. Said, M. M. Aly and M. Abdel-Akher, "Application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for voltage sag/swell supression in distribution system with wind power penetration," 2014 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), Bucharest, 2014, pp. 92-9.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ahmed Alshahir, William Collings, Richard Molyet, Raghav Khanna. (2020). Transient Enhancement of Smart Grid Using SMES Controlled by PID and Fuzzy Logic Control. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(3), 56-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12

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    ACS Style

    Ahmed Alshahir; William Collings; Richard Molyet; Raghav Khanna. Transient Enhancement of Smart Grid Using SMES Controlled by PID and Fuzzy Logic Control. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2020, 5(3), 56-65. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12

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    AMA Style

    Ahmed Alshahir, William Collings, Richard Molyet, Raghav Khanna. Transient Enhancement of Smart Grid Using SMES Controlled by PID and Fuzzy Logic Control. Eng Appl Sci. 2020;5(3):56-65. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12,
      author = {Ahmed Alshahir and William Collings and Richard Molyet and Raghav Khanna},
      title = {Transient Enhancement of Smart Grid Using SMES Controlled by PID and Fuzzy Logic Control},
      journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3},
      pages = {56-65},
      doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20200503.12},
      abstract = {A Smart Grid is an electrical system that is comprised of energy sources, controls, computers and equipment integrated to operate as a unit in the form of an electrical grid to respond to changing power demands. Renewable energy technologies such as a wind turbine are part of this unit. The output power of wind generators experiences dramatic daily fluctuations that are caused by changes in weather patterns. This may adversely affect the power quality and system. To mitigate the effects of these variations, energy storage devices (ESDs) such as superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) can be incorporated into the power system to enhance transient performance and inject or draw electricity to the grid as required. The important role of SMES in the system is to control the system by improving transient stability, which is achieved by use of control technologies. VSC-Based SMES has been used. In this paper, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and Fuzzy Logic control (FLC) are compared and contrasted. The goal in this paper is to determine which of the two control technologies provides a superior performance while also taking the computational complexity of the simulation into account. Two scenarios in the results have been performed in MATLAB/Simulink 2016b software and the simulation results have validated that FLC is more efficient compared to PID. However, FLC takes approximately 70% more control time.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Transient Enhancement of Smart Grid Using SMES Controlled by PID and Fuzzy Logic Control
    AU  - Ahmed Alshahir
    AU  - William Collings
    AU  - Richard Molyet
    AU  - Raghav Khanna
    Y1  - 2020/06/17
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12
    T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    SP  - 56
    EP  - 65
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1468
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20200503.12
    AB  - A Smart Grid is an electrical system that is comprised of energy sources, controls, computers and equipment integrated to operate as a unit in the form of an electrical grid to respond to changing power demands. Renewable energy technologies such as a wind turbine are part of this unit. The output power of wind generators experiences dramatic daily fluctuations that are caused by changes in weather patterns. This may adversely affect the power quality and system. To mitigate the effects of these variations, energy storage devices (ESDs) such as superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) can be incorporated into the power system to enhance transient performance and inject or draw electricity to the grid as required. The important role of SMES in the system is to control the system by improving transient stability, which is achieved by use of control technologies. VSC-Based SMES has been used. In this paper, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and Fuzzy Logic control (FLC) are compared and contrasted. The goal in this paper is to determine which of the two control technologies provides a superior performance while also taking the computational complexity of the simulation into account. Two scenarios in the results have been performed in MATLAB/Simulink 2016b software and the simulation results have validated that FLC is more efficient compared to PID. However, FLC takes approximately 70% more control time.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA

  • Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA

  • Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA

  • Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA

  • Section