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Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions

Received: 23 October 2019    Accepted: 19 November 2019    Published: 25 November 2019
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Abstract

The possibility of decreasing water polymer concentration, decreasing alloy elements in steel, decreasing distortion of steel parts, and increasing service life of machine components and tools during quenching is widely discussed in this paper based on achievements of modern physics. Instead of quenching alloy steel in oils or high concentration of water polymer solutions, the accelerated quench process of optimal hardenability steel in water low concentration of inverse solubility polymers is proposed. Physics of the new approach and new technologies is explained by the author. The creation of a thin polymeric insulating layer during quenching steel in low concentration of inverse solubility polymers decreases initial heat flux density below its critical value that is reason for absence the film boiling process. Due to this fact, full film boiling during quenching is completely absent allowing use optimal hardenability steel instead of alloy steels containing costly alloy elements. Accelerated cooling provided by low concentration of water polymer solution results in creation of high surface compression residual stress, and super strengthening of material that in turn increases service life of machine components and tools. It is underlined in the paper that along with the use of a thin polymeric insulating layer, the resonance effect can be used for destroying the full film boiling process based on implementation different kinds of hydrodynamic emitters. The proposed new technology saves materials, increases service life of steel parts, and improves environment condition in heat treating industry. The patented technologies and processes can be used by engineers and scientists. and can bring great benefits if widely implemented in the practice.

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 8, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11
Page(s) 76-85
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Insulating Layer, Heat Flux Decrease, Film Boiling Elimination, Intense and Uniform Quenching, Optimal Hardened Layer, Alloying and Concentration Decrease, Benefits

References
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[2] Ukrainian Patent UA 114174, C2, (2017). Alloyed Low Hardenability Steel and Method of its Composing, Filed on Sep. 23, 2013, File number: a 2013 11311, Published on June 25, 2016 in Bulletin No. 12, Legal day is May 10, 2017.
[3] Kobasko, N. I. (2015) Intensive hardening method for metal components, UA Patent, No. 109572, Published on Sept. 10, 2015, Bul. 17/2015.
[4] Tolubinsky, V. I. (1980) Teploobmen pri kipenii (Heat transfer at boiling), Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 320 pages.
[5] Kutateladze, S. S. (1963) Fundamentals of Heat Transfer, Academic Press, New York.
[6] Shekriladze, I. G. (2012) Boiling Heat Transfer: An Overview of Longstanding and New Challenges. In a Book” Film and Nucleate Boiling Processes”, K. N. Prabhu and N. Kobasko (Eds.). ASTM International, pp. 229-284.
[7] N. I. Kobasko, J. A., M. A. Aronov, J. A. Powell, G. E. Totten, G. E. (2010) Intensive Quenching Systems: Engineering and Design, ASTM International. W. Conshohocken, USA, 234.
[8] Kobasko, N. I. (2019) Optimized Steel Quenching Processes and Their New Modifications. SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics (SSRG-IJAP) – Volume 6 Issue 2 – May to August, pp. 79 – 86. ISSN: 2350-0301.
[9] Kobasko, N. I. (2016) Improvement of IQ - 3 processes to eliminate crack formation, decrease distortion, and maximize material strength, and ductility. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, Number 4, pp. 3-10. DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00122.
[10] Mikheev M. A. and Mikheeva, I. M. (1977) Basics of Heat Transfer (In Russion), Energy, Moscow.
[11] Kondrat’ ev, G. M. (1957) Thermal Measurements. Moscow: Mashgiz.
[12] Lykov, A. V. (1967) Theory of Heat Conductivity, Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow, 621.
[13] Kovalenko, G. V., Kobasko, N. I., Khalatov, A. A. (1987) A Method of Hardening of Steel Com¬ponents. USSR Certificate № 1355634. Bulletin of Inventions, 44.
[14] Kobasko, N. I., Moskalenko, A. A. (1996) Intensification of steel quenching methods by use of water solutions of polymers, Promyshlennaya Teplotekhnika, Vol. 18. No. 6, pp. 55-60.
[15] Kobasko, N. I. (2012) Real and Effective Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTCs) Used for Computer Simulation of Transient Nucleate Boiling Processes during Quenching. Materials Performance and Charac¬terization, 1 (1), MPC – 2012–0012. doi: 10.1520/mpc-2012-0012.
[16] Logvynenko, P. N., Moskalenko, A. A., Kobasko, N. I., Karsim, L. O., Riabov, S. V. (2019) Oligomeric mechanism of film boiling elimination (EFB effect) during metal quenching in solutions of polyisobutylene in mineral oil, International Journal of Current Research., 11, (09), 7333-7339.
[17] Kobasko, N. I. (2009) Transient Nucleate Boiling as a Law of Nature and a Basis for Designing of IQ Technologies. Proc. of the 7th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Heat Transfer, Thermal Engineering and Environment (THE’09). Moscow, Aug. 20–22, pp. 67-76.
[18] Kobasko, N. I. (2012) Duration of the Transient Nucleate Boiling Process and Its Use for the Development of New Technologies, Film and Nucleate Boiling Processes (STP 1534), ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, pp. 103-125.
[19] Kobasko, N. I. (2019) Austempering Processes That are Performed via Cold Liquids, Lambert Academic Publishing, 16 p., DOI: 10.1520/mnl64-eb, ISBN: 978-620-0-11330-6.
[20] Kobasko, N. (2019) High Quality Steel vs Surface Polymeric Layer Formed during Quenching, Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 102 p.
[21] Kobasko, N. I. (1992) Intensive Steel Quenching Methods, Theory and Technology of Quenching, B. Liscic, H. M. Tensi, and W. Luty, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 367–389.
[22] Kobasko, N. I. (1980) Steel Quenching in Liquid Media Under Pressure, Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 206 p.
[23] Kobasko, N. I. (2017) A Universal Correlation for the Calculation o f Heating and Cooling Time of Any Steel, Materials Performance and Characterization, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 551 – 565, DOI: 10.1520/MPC20170034.
[24] Kobasko, N. (2018) Optimal hardenability steel and method for its composing, Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 116 p.
[25] Grossmann, M. A. (1964) Principles of Heat Treatment. Ohio. American Society for metals, 302 p.
[26] Shepelyakovskii, K. Z., Ushakov, B. K. (1990) Production surface hardening – Progressive technology of XX and XXI centuries. Proc. of 7th International Congress on Heat Treatment and Technology of Surface Coatings, Moscow, Dec. 1990, Vol. 2, pp. 11-14.
[27] Russian Patent No. 2158320 (1999) Construction Steel of Low Hardenability, Application No. 99125102, Filed on Nov. 29, 1999.
[28] Kobasko, N. I., Moskalenko, A. A., Dobryvechir, V. V. (2018) Research on use of low concentration inverse solubility polymers in water for hardening machine components and tools. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, Number 2, pp. 63 - 71. DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00582.
[29] Kobasko, N. I. (2017) A method for optimizing chemical composition of steels to reduce radically their alloy elements and increase service life of machine components. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, Number 1, pp. 3-12. DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00253.
[30] How do Wind Turbines Work. A New Era for Wind Power in the United States. Wind Energy Technologies Office. Available at: https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work.
[31] Kobasko, N. I., Morhuniuk, W. S., Ushakov, B. K. (1992) Design of Steel – Intensive Quench Processes. In the Steel Heat Treatment Handbook “Steel Heat Treatment (Equipment and Process Design), G. E. Totten (Ed.). CRC Press, New York, pp. 193-237.
[32] Moskalenko, A. A., Kobasko, N. I., Tolmacheva, O. V., Totten, G. E., Webster, G. M. (1996) Quechants Characterization by Acoustical Noise Analysis of Cooling Properties of Aqueous Poly (Alkylene Glycol) Polymer Quenchants. Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Quenching and Control of the Distortion, (USA), pp.117–122.
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  • APA Style

    Nikolai Kobasko. (2019). Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions. American Journal of Modern Physics, 8(6), 76-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11

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    ACS Style

    Nikolai Kobasko. Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2019, 8(6), 76-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11

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    AMA Style

    Nikolai Kobasko. Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions. Am J Mod Phys. 2019;8(6):76-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11,
      author = {Nikolai Kobasko},
      title = {Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions},
      journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
      volume = {8},
      number = {6},
      pages = {76-85},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20190806.11},
      abstract = {The possibility of decreasing water polymer concentration, decreasing alloy elements in steel, decreasing distortion of steel parts, and increasing service life of machine components and tools during quenching is widely discussed in this paper based on achievements of modern physics. Instead of quenching alloy steel in oils or high concentration of water polymer solutions, the accelerated quench process of optimal hardenability steel in water low concentration of inverse solubility polymers is proposed. Physics of the new approach and new technologies is explained by the author. The creation of a thin polymeric insulating layer during quenching steel in low concentration of inverse solubility polymers decreases initial heat flux density below its critical value that is reason for absence the film boiling process. Due to this fact, full film boiling during quenching is completely absent allowing use optimal hardenability steel instead of alloy steels containing costly alloy elements. Accelerated cooling provided by low concentration of water polymer solution results in creation of high surface compression residual stress, and super strengthening of material that in turn increases service life of machine components and tools. It is underlined in the paper that along with the use of a thin polymeric insulating layer, the resonance effect can be used for destroying the full film boiling process based on implementation different kinds of hydrodynamic emitters. The proposed new technology saves materials, increases service life of steel parts, and improves environment condition in heat treating industry. The patented technologies and processes can be used by engineers and scientists. and can bring great benefits if widely implemented in the practice.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions
    AU  - Nikolai Kobasko
    Y1  - 2019/11/25
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11
    T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
    JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
    JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
    SP  - 76
    EP  - 85
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-8891
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11
    AB  - The possibility of decreasing water polymer concentration, decreasing alloy elements in steel, decreasing distortion of steel parts, and increasing service life of machine components and tools during quenching is widely discussed in this paper based on achievements of modern physics. Instead of quenching alloy steel in oils or high concentration of water polymer solutions, the accelerated quench process of optimal hardenability steel in water low concentration of inverse solubility polymers is proposed. Physics of the new approach and new technologies is explained by the author. The creation of a thin polymeric insulating layer during quenching steel in low concentration of inverse solubility polymers decreases initial heat flux density below its critical value that is reason for absence the film boiling process. Due to this fact, full film boiling during quenching is completely absent allowing use optimal hardenability steel instead of alloy steels containing costly alloy elements. Accelerated cooling provided by low concentration of water polymer solution results in creation of high surface compression residual stress, and super strengthening of material that in turn increases service life of machine components and tools. It is underlined in the paper that along with the use of a thin polymeric insulating layer, the resonance effect can be used for destroying the full film boiling process based on implementation different kinds of hydrodynamic emitters. The proposed new technology saves materials, increases service life of steel parts, and improves environment condition in heat treating industry. The patented technologies and processes can be used by engineers and scientists. and can bring great benefits if widely implemented in the practice.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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  • Intensive Technologies Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine

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