Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah; Emem Michael Edem; Iboroakam Essien Udosen; Essien Daniel Udosen; Okon Monday Udoidiong

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12

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Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah, Emem Michael Edem, Iboroakam Essien Udosen, Essien Daniel Udosen, Okon Monday Udoidiong

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 19 March 2020 Accepted: 13 April 2020 Published: 29 April 2020

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Abstract

The levels of some trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were quantified in water, sediment and two species of winkles (Pachymelania bryonensis and Pachymelania fusca mutans) in Akani Obio Uruan River from August to September 2018 (wet season) and February to March 2019 (dry season), using Varian spectra 100 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The levels of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate, sulphate and phosphate) were equally quantified in water. From the results, Cd level of 0.088 mg/l in water was higher than those of the other trace metals investigated. Accordingly, Cu level of 0.602 mg/kg in sediment was higher than 0.017 mg/kg in water and 0.077 mg/kg in one species of the winkles. Zn level of 0.141 mg/kg in one species of the winkles was higher than those of the other metals. In general, the levels of most of the metals were higher in all the samples during the wet season. This could be attributed to excessive water run-off during the wet season which could have resulted to the leaching of various kinds of wastes into the water bodies. Interestingly, the levels of all the trace metals investigated in all the samples were below the maximum acceptable limits stipulated by WHO and the US environmental protection agency (USEPA). Physicochemical examination revealed that the levels of pH, temperature, TDS, EC, nitrate and sulphate were below the maximum permissible limits set by WHO. The levels of DO and phosphate in the water were however higher. This may have deleterious effect on aquatic ecosystem and the health of the rural dwellers that consumed the winkles and use the river water directly for domestic purposes without treatment.

Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12
Page(s)	45-55
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Quantification, Trace Metals, Pollution, Water, Sediment, Winkles

References

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APA Style

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah, Emem Michael Edem, Iboroakam Essien Udosen, Essien Daniel Udosen, Okon Monday Udoidiong. (2020). Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 8(2), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12

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ACS Style

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah; Emem Michael Edem; Iboroakam Essien Udosen; Essien Daniel Udosen; Okon Monday Udoidiong. Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2020, 8(2), 45-55. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12

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AMA Style

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah, Emem Michael Edem, Iboroakam Essien Udosen, Essien Daniel Udosen, Okon Monday Udoidiong. Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria. Sci J Anal Chem. 2020;8(2):45-55. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12,
  author = {Emmanuel Isaac Uwah and Emem Michael Edem and Iboroakam Essien Udosen and Essien Daniel Udosen and Okon Monday Udoidiong},
  title = {Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {45-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20200802.12},
  abstract = {The levels of some trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were quantified in water, sediment and two species of winkles (Pachymelania bryonensis and Pachymelania fusca mutans) in Akani Obio Uruan River from August to September 2018 (wet season) and February to March 2019 (dry season), using Varian spectra 100 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The levels of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate, sulphate and phosphate) were equally quantified in water. From the results, Cd level of 0.088 mg/l in water was higher than those of the other trace metals investigated. Accordingly, Cu level of 0.602 mg/kg in sediment was higher than 0.017 mg/kg in water and 0.077 mg/kg in one species of the winkles. Zn level of 0.141 mg/kg in one species of the winkles was higher than those of the other metals. In general, the levels of most of the metals were higher in all the samples during the wet season. This could be attributed to excessive water run-off during the wet season which could have resulted to the leaching of various kinds of wastes into the water bodies. Interestingly, the levels of all the trace metals investigated in all the samples were below the maximum acceptable limits stipulated by WHO and the US environmental protection agency (USEPA). Physicochemical examination revealed that the levels of pH, temperature, TDS, EC, nitrate and sulphate were below the maximum permissible limits set by WHO. The levels of DO and phosphate in the water were however higher. This may have deleterious effect on aquatic ecosystem and the health of the rural dwellers that consumed the winkles and use the river water directly for domestic purposes without treatment.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria
AU  - Emmanuel Isaac Uwah
AU  - Emem Michael Edem
AU  - Iboroakam Essien Udosen
AU  - Essien Daniel Udosen
AU  - Okon Monday Udoidiong
Y1  - 2020/04/29
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 45
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12
AB  - The levels of some trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were quantified in water, sediment and two species of winkles (Pachymelania bryonensis and Pachymelania fusca mutans) in Akani Obio Uruan River from August to September 2018 (wet season) and February to March 2019 (dry season), using Varian spectra 100 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The levels of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate, sulphate and phosphate) were equally quantified in water. From the results, Cd level of 0.088 mg/l in water was higher than those of the other trace metals investigated. Accordingly, Cu level of 0.602 mg/kg in sediment was higher than 0.017 mg/kg in water and 0.077 mg/kg in one species of the winkles. Zn level of 0.141 mg/kg in one species of the winkles was higher than those of the other metals. In general, the levels of most of the metals were higher in all the samples during the wet season. This could be attributed to excessive water run-off during the wet season which could have resulted to the leaching of various kinds of wastes into the water bodies. Interestingly, the levels of all the trace metals investigated in all the samples were below the maximum acceptable limits stipulated by WHO and the US environmental protection agency (USEPA). Physicochemical examination revealed that the levels of pH, temperature, TDS, EC, nitrate and sulphate were below the maximum permissible limits set by WHO. The levels of DO and phosphate in the water were however higher. This may have deleterious effect on aquatic ecosystem and the health of the rural dwellers that consumed the winkles and use the river water directly for domestic purposes without treatment.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah

Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Emem Michael Edem

Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Iboroakam Essien Udosen

Department of Zoology, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria
Essien Daniel Udosen

Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Okon Monday Udoidiong

Department of Fisheries & Aquatic Environmental Management, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

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APA Style

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah, Emem Michael Edem, Iboroakam Essien Udosen, Essien Daniel Udosen, Okon Monday Udoidiong. (2020). Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 8(2), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12

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ACS Style

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah; Emem Michael Edem; Iboroakam Essien Udosen; Essien Daniel Udosen; Okon Monday Udoidiong. Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2020, 8(2), 45-55. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12

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AMA Style

Emmanuel Isaac Uwah, Emem Michael Edem, Iboroakam Essien Udosen, Essien Daniel Udosen, Okon Monday Udoidiong. Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria. Sci J Anal Chem. 2020;8(2):45-55. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12,
  author = {Emmanuel Isaac Uwah and Emem Michael Edem and Iboroakam Essien Udosen and Essien Daniel Udosen and Okon Monday Udoidiong},
  title = {Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {45-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20200802.12},
  abstract = {The levels of some trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were quantified in water, sediment and two species of winkles (Pachymelania bryonensis and Pachymelania fusca mutans) in Akani Obio Uruan River from August to September 2018 (wet season) and February to March 2019 (dry season), using Varian spectra 100 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The levels of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate, sulphate and phosphate) were equally quantified in water. From the results, Cd level of 0.088 mg/l in water was higher than those of the other trace metals investigated. Accordingly, Cu level of 0.602 mg/kg in sediment was higher than 0.017 mg/kg in water and 0.077 mg/kg in one species of the winkles. Zn level of 0.141 mg/kg in one species of the winkles was higher than those of the other metals. In general, the levels of most of the metals were higher in all the samples during the wet season. This could be attributed to excessive water run-off during the wet season which could have resulted to the leaching of various kinds of wastes into the water bodies. Interestingly, the levels of all the trace metals investigated in all the samples were below the maximum acceptable limits stipulated by WHO and the US environmental protection agency (USEPA). Physicochemical examination revealed that the levels of pH, temperature, TDS, EC, nitrate and sulphate were below the maximum permissible limits set by WHO. The levels of DO and phosphate in the water were however higher. This may have deleterious effect on aquatic ecosystem and the health of the rural dwellers that consumed the winkles and use the river water directly for domestic purposes without treatment.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Quantification of Pollutant Levels in Water, Sediment and Winkles in Akani Obio Uruan River, Nigeria
AU  - Emmanuel Isaac Uwah
AU  - Emem Michael Edem
AU  - Iboroakam Essien Udosen
AU  - Essien Daniel Udosen
AU  - Okon Monday Udoidiong
Y1  - 2020/04/29
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 45
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.12
AB  - The levels of some trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were quantified in water, sediment and two species of winkles (Pachymelania bryonensis and Pachymelania fusca mutans) in Akani Obio Uruan River from August to September 2018 (wet season) and February to March 2019 (dry season), using Varian spectra 100 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The levels of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate, sulphate and phosphate) were equally quantified in water. From the results, Cd level of 0.088 mg/l in water was higher than those of the other trace metals investigated. Accordingly, Cu level of 0.602 mg/kg in sediment was higher than 0.017 mg/kg in water and 0.077 mg/kg in one species of the winkles. Zn level of 0.141 mg/kg in one species of the winkles was higher than those of the other metals. In general, the levels of most of the metals were higher in all the samples during the wet season. This could be attributed to excessive water run-off during the wet season which could have resulted to the leaching of various kinds of wastes into the water bodies. Interestingly, the levels of all the trace metals investigated in all the samples were below the maximum acceptable limits stipulated by WHO and the US environmental protection agency (USEPA). Physicochemical examination revealed that the levels of pH, temperature, TDS, EC, nitrate and sulphate were below the maximum permissible limits set by WHO. The levels of DO and phosphate in the water were however higher. This may have deleterious effect on aquatic ecosystem and the health of the rural dwellers that consumed the winkles and use the river water directly for domestic purposes without treatment.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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