Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of <i>Prunus africana</i> and Its Heavy Metal Determination

Desta Dirbeba; Ahmed Hussen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11

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Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination

Desta Dirbeba, Ahmed Hussen

Received: 16 April 2018 Accepted: 16 May 2018 Published: 26 February 2019

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Abstract

In Ethiopia, the traditional healers use fusions of leaves and decoctions of stem barks of the Prunus africana to treat diarrhea, wound dressing and other bacterial diseases. This provided us an impetus to investigate the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of the plant. In line with, the bioactive molecules from the plant were extracted using Soxhlet and maceration extraction techniques with solvents of different polarities. The Soxhlet technique showed relatively better extraction efficiency in extracting the secondary metabolites of the plant than maceration technique. Among the different solvents examined for their better extraction yield potential, methanol was found to be the best extractant with extraction yield of 22.5%. The antimicrobial activities of crude extracts of petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol were investigated using agar well disc diffusion and agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aereus and Bacillus subtilis with 18.00±1.53 mm and 19.33±2.08 mm diameter of zones of inhibition, respectively. Similarly, diethyl ether extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with 17.00±1.15 mm of zones of inhibition. The levels of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) and microwave digester at optimized conditions. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd were below the method detection limit while Zn, Mn and Cu metal ions were detected and found to be in the Permissible Levels (World Health Organization standards). The concentration of Mn was the highest as compared to that of metals in both stem and leaves the plant.

DOI	10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11
Published in	International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology (Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2018)
Page(s)	52-59
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prunus africana, Agar Well Diffusion Assay, Gar Dilution Assay, Heavy Metals, FAAS

References

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APA Style

Desta Dirbeba, Ahmed Hussen. (2019). Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination. International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, 3(4), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11

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ACS Style

Desta Dirbeba; Ahmed Hussen. Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination. Int. J. Biochem. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2019, 3(4), 52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11

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Desta Dirbeba, Ahmed Hussen. Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination. Int J Biochem Biophys Mol Biol. 2019;3(4):52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11,
  author = {Desta Dirbeba and Ahmed Hussen},
  title = {Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination},
  journal = {International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbbmb.20180304.11},
  abstract = {In Ethiopia, the traditional healers use fusions of leaves and decoctions of stem barks of the Prunus africana to treat diarrhea, wound dressing and other bacterial diseases. This provided us an impetus to investigate the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of the plant. In line with, the bioactive molecules from the plant were extracted using Soxhlet and maceration extraction techniques with solvents of different polarities. The Soxhlet technique showed relatively better extraction efficiency in extracting the secondary metabolites of the plant than maceration technique. Among the different solvents examined for their better extraction yield potential, methanol was found to be the best extractant with extraction yield of 22.5%. The antimicrobial activities of crude extracts of petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol were investigated using agar well disc diffusion and agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aereus and Bacillus subtilis with 18.00±1.53 mm and 19.33±2.08 mm diameter of zones of inhibition, respectively. Similarly, diethyl ether extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with 17.00±1.15 mm of zones of inhibition. The levels of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) and microwave digester at optimized conditions. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd were below the method detection limit while Zn, Mn and Cu metal ions were detected and found to be in the Permissible Levels (World Health Organization standards). The concentration of Mn was the highest as compared to that of metals in both stem and leaves the plant.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination
AU  - Desta Dirbeba
AU  - Ahmed Hussen
Y1  - 2019/02/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11
T2  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
JF  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
JO  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
SP  - 52
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5862
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11
AB  - In Ethiopia, the traditional healers use fusions of leaves and decoctions of stem barks of the Prunus africana to treat diarrhea, wound dressing and other bacterial diseases. This provided us an impetus to investigate the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of the plant. In line with, the bioactive molecules from the plant were extracted using Soxhlet and maceration extraction techniques with solvents of different polarities. The Soxhlet technique showed relatively better extraction efficiency in extracting the secondary metabolites of the plant than maceration technique. Among the different solvents examined for their better extraction yield potential, methanol was found to be the best extractant with extraction yield of 22.5%. The antimicrobial activities of crude extracts of petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol were investigated using agar well disc diffusion and agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aereus and Bacillus subtilis with 18.00±1.53 mm and 19.33±2.08 mm diameter of zones of inhibition, respectively. Similarly, diethyl ether extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with 17.00±1.15 mm of zones of inhibition. The levels of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) and microwave digester at optimized conditions. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd were below the method detection limit while Zn, Mn and Cu metal ions were detected and found to be in the Permissible Levels (World Health Organization standards). The concentration of Mn was the highest as compared to that of metals in both stem and leaves the plant.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Desta Dirbeba

College of Natural and Computational Science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Ahmed Hussen

College of Natural Science, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Desta Dirbeba, Ahmed Hussen. (2019). Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination. International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, 3(4), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11

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ACS Style

Desta Dirbeba; Ahmed Hussen. Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination. Int. J. Biochem. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2019, 3(4), 52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11

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AMA Style

Desta Dirbeba, Ahmed Hussen. Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination. Int J Biochem Biophys Mol Biol. 2019;3(4):52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11,
  author = {Desta Dirbeba and Ahmed Hussen},
  title = {Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination},
  journal = {International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbbmb.20180304.11},
  abstract = {In Ethiopia, the traditional healers use fusions of leaves and decoctions of stem barks of the Prunus africana to treat diarrhea, wound dressing and other bacterial diseases. This provided us an impetus to investigate the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of the plant. In line with, the bioactive molecules from the plant were extracted using Soxhlet and maceration extraction techniques with solvents of different polarities. The Soxhlet technique showed relatively better extraction efficiency in extracting the secondary metabolites of the plant than maceration technique. Among the different solvents examined for their better extraction yield potential, methanol was found to be the best extractant with extraction yield of 22.5%. The antimicrobial activities of crude extracts of petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol were investigated using agar well disc diffusion and agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aereus and Bacillus subtilis with 18.00±1.53 mm and 19.33±2.08 mm diameter of zones of inhibition, respectively. Similarly, diethyl ether extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with 17.00±1.15 mm of zones of inhibition. The levels of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) and microwave digester at optimized conditions. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd were below the method detection limit while Zn, Mn and Cu metal ions were detected and found to be in the Permissible Levels (World Health Organization standards). The concentration of Mn was the highest as compared to that of metals in both stem and leaves the plant.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antibacterial Screening of Extracts of Stem Bark of Prunus africana and Its Heavy Metal Determination
AU  - Desta Dirbeba
AU  - Ahmed Hussen
Y1  - 2019/02/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11
T2  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
JF  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
JO  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
SP  - 52
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5862
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20180304.11
AB  - In Ethiopia, the traditional healers use fusions of leaves and decoctions of stem barks of the Prunus africana to treat diarrhea, wound dressing and other bacterial diseases. This provided us an impetus to investigate the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of the plant. In line with, the bioactive molecules from the plant were extracted using Soxhlet and maceration extraction techniques with solvents of different polarities. The Soxhlet technique showed relatively better extraction efficiency in extracting the secondary metabolites of the plant than maceration technique. Among the different solvents examined for their better extraction yield potential, methanol was found to be the best extractant with extraction yield of 22.5%. The antimicrobial activities of crude extracts of petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol were investigated using agar well disc diffusion and agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aereus and Bacillus subtilis with 18.00±1.53 mm and 19.33±2.08 mm diameter of zones of inhibition, respectively. Similarly, diethyl ether extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with 17.00±1.15 mm of zones of inhibition. The levels of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) and microwave digester at optimized conditions. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd were below the method detection limit while Zn, Mn and Cu metal ions were detected and found to be in the Permissible Levels (World Health Organization standards). The concentration of Mn was the highest as compared to that of metals in both stem and leaves the plant.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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