Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11

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Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor

Published in Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 28 January 2019 Accepted: 19 March 2019 Published: 25 October 2019

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Abstract

This study investigated the thermal and emissions performance characteristics of biomass cookstoves developed by the National Center for Energy Research and Development (NCERD) as well as other biomass cookstoves received by the Centre from stove designers and manufactures to ensure conformity with stipulated standard. The Center has acquired a Laboratory emissions monitoring system (LEMS) domicile at its National Stove Eligibility Laboratory (NSEL) for comprehensive biomass cookstoves performance evaluations. Water boiling test (WBT) and food cooking (rice and beans) tests were conducted with at the NSEL with LEMS for firewood and charcoal cookstoves to determine their thermal and emissions performance characteristics. Out of 15 sample charcoal stoves tested, 62% satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2, while 51% of 10 sample of firewood stoves tested satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2. The star rating of a biomass cookstove is determined from the thermal efficiency tier value of the stove. The available cookstoves in the local markets in Nigeria do not display any star rating. It was also found that nearly all the biomass cookstoves available in the local markets in Nigeria have not been tested and few tested ones at NSEL, NCERD were inconclusive. This could be attributed to non-enforcement of the standard and possibly lack of fund and incentives to enable the stove producers to undertake for full testing of the required sample test number of the stoves by Standard to attain full certifications.

Published in	Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11
Page(s)	54-62
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biomass Cookstoves, Performance Standard, Energy Efficiency, Emissions and Thermal Performance

References

[1]	ICEED. 2007. Improved woodstoves Workshop and Exhibition. International Centre for Energy, Environment and Development http://www.iceednigeria.org/project
[2]	M. A. Jeuland, and S. K. Pattanayak (2012). Benefits and Costs of Improved Cookstoves: Assessing the Implications of Variability in Health, Forest and Climate Impacts. PLoS One. 7 (2): e30338.
[3]	WEO-2017 Special Report: Energy Access Outlook, International Energy Agency, 2017 (https://webstore.iea.org/weo-2017-special-report-energy-access-outlook).
[4]	H. Ali, Planting Trees: Is this Enough?: Beyond firewood: Exploring Alternative fuels and Energy technologies in humanitarian Settings. Conference, Delhi, India, 2008.
[5]	M. B. Witt, An Improved Wood Cook Stove: Harnessing Fan Driven Forced Draft for Cleaner Combustion. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Trinity College, Hartford, CT. 2005.
[6]	O. S. Adah, L. D. Shown, O. E. Yusuff, E. A. Envuladu, M. E. Banwat, A. Dhakin, M. P Chingle, S. Audu, and P. W. Bupwatda, Indoor Air Pollution in Rural Settings in Plateau State Nigeria. Jos Journal of Medicine, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 30-33, 2010.
[7]	Unachukwu, G. O. Chinda G., Abada U. C. Nwoke O. Benchmarking of Energy Consumption of Common Domestic Cookstoves Available in Nigeria. Journal of Renewable and Alternative Energy Technologies, vol. 2, no. 1. pp. 32-39, 2016.
[8]	Ayo, S. A., Design, Construction and Testing of an Improved Wood Stove. AU J. T. vol. 13, no 1, pp. 12-18, 2009.
[9]	Instructions for Use of the Laboratory Emissions Monitoring System (LEMS), Aprovecho Research Center, Advanced Studies in Appropriate Technology Laboratory, Cottage Grove Oregon, USA, 2013.
[10]	S. C. Bhattacharge, M. R. Siddique, M. Augustus, H. L. Pham and A. Mahandari, Study on Improved Institutional Biomass Stoves. Energy Programme, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthiani, Thailand, 1984.
[11]	R. Bailis, D. Ogle, N. MacCarty, K. R. Smith and R. Edwards, The Water Boiling Test (WBT) Version 3.0. Household Energy and Health Programme, Shell Foundation, pp. 2-7, 2007.
[12]	B. B. Olalekan and O. Ayoola, Development of an Improved Coal Stove for Cooking in Developing Countries. AU. J. T., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 82-187, 2009.
[13]	WBT protocol version 4.2.3 for download at www.community.cleancookstoves.org/files
[14]	VITA, Volunteers in Technical Assistance. Testing the efficiency of wood burning cookstoves: provisional international standards. Mt. Rainier, Mary-land, USA; 1982.
[15]	S. A. Ayo, (2009). Design, Construction and Testing of an Improved Wood Stove. AU J. T. vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 12-18.
[16]	Nigerian Industrial Standard, FDNIS 1000, 2017.
[17]	ISO International Workshop Agreement: http://community.cleancookstoves.org/files/172
[18]	Global Alliance for Clean Cookstove, Interim Reporting Requirements for IWA Tiers of Performance 2013 (http://community.cleancookstoves.org/discussions/viewtopic/22/80).

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APA Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor. (2019). Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 7(4), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11

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ACS Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor. Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2019, 7(4), 54-62. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11

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AMA Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor. Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification. Sci J Energy Eng. 2019;7(4):54-62. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11,
  author = {Izuchukwu Francis Okafor},
  title = {Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {54-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20190704.11},
  abstract = {This study investigated the thermal and emissions performance characteristics of biomass cookstoves developed by the National Center for Energy Research and Development (NCERD) as well as other biomass cookstoves received by the Centre from stove designers and manufactures to ensure conformity with stipulated standard. The Center has acquired a Laboratory emissions monitoring system (LEMS) domicile at its National Stove Eligibility Laboratory (NSEL) for comprehensive biomass cookstoves performance evaluations. Water boiling test (WBT) and food cooking (rice and beans) tests were conducted with at the NSEL with LEMS for firewood and charcoal cookstoves to determine their thermal and emissions performance characteristics. Out of 15 sample charcoal stoves tested, 62% satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2, while 51% of 10 sample of firewood stoves tested satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2. The star rating of a biomass cookstove is determined from the thermal efficiency tier value of the stove. The available cookstoves in the local markets in Nigeria do not display any star rating. It was also found that nearly all the biomass cookstoves available in the local markets in Nigeria have not been tested and few tested ones at NSEL, NCERD were inconclusive. This could be attributed to non-enforcement of the standard and possibly lack of fund and incentives to enable the stove producers to undertake for full testing of the required sample test number of the stoves by Standard to attain full certifications.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification
AU  - Izuchukwu Francis Okafor
Y1  - 2019/10/25
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 54
EP  - 62
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11
AB  - This study investigated the thermal and emissions performance characteristics of biomass cookstoves developed by the National Center for Energy Research and Development (NCERD) as well as other biomass cookstoves received by the Centre from stove designers and manufactures to ensure conformity with stipulated standard. The Center has acquired a Laboratory emissions monitoring system (LEMS) domicile at its National Stove Eligibility Laboratory (NSEL) for comprehensive biomass cookstoves performance evaluations. Water boiling test (WBT) and food cooking (rice and beans) tests were conducted with at the NSEL with LEMS for firewood and charcoal cookstoves to determine their thermal and emissions performance characteristics. Out of 15 sample charcoal stoves tested, 62% satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2, while 51% of 10 sample of firewood stoves tested satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2. The star rating of a biomass cookstove is determined from the thermal efficiency tier value of the stove. The available cookstoves in the local markets in Nigeria do not display any star rating. It was also found that nearly all the biomass cookstoves available in the local markets in Nigeria have not been tested and few tested ones at NSEL, NCERD were inconclusive. This could be attributed to non-enforcement of the standard and possibly lack of fund and incentives to enable the stove producers to undertake for full testing of the required sample test number of the stoves by Standard to attain full certifications.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor

National Stove Eligibility Laboratory, National Center for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor. (2019). Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 7(4), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11

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ACS Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor. Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2019, 7(4), 54-62. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11

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AMA Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor. Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification. Sci J Energy Eng. 2019;7(4):54-62. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11,
  author = {Izuchukwu Francis Okafor},
  title = {Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {54-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20190704.11},
  abstract = {This study investigated the thermal and emissions performance characteristics of biomass cookstoves developed by the National Center for Energy Research and Development (NCERD) as well as other biomass cookstoves received by the Centre from stove designers and manufactures to ensure conformity with stipulated standard. The Center has acquired a Laboratory emissions monitoring system (LEMS) domicile at its National Stove Eligibility Laboratory (NSEL) for comprehensive biomass cookstoves performance evaluations. Water boiling test (WBT) and food cooking (rice and beans) tests were conducted with at the NSEL with LEMS for firewood and charcoal cookstoves to determine their thermal and emissions performance characteristics. Out of 15 sample charcoal stoves tested, 62% satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2, while 51% of 10 sample of firewood stoves tested satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2. The star rating of a biomass cookstove is determined from the thermal efficiency tier value of the stove. The available cookstoves in the local markets in Nigeria do not display any star rating. It was also found that nearly all the biomass cookstoves available in the local markets in Nigeria have not been tested and few tested ones at NSEL, NCERD were inconclusive. This could be attributed to non-enforcement of the standard and possibly lack of fund and incentives to enable the stove producers to undertake for full testing of the required sample test number of the stoves by Standard to attain full certifications.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves: Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification
AU  - Izuchukwu Francis Okafor
Y1  - 2019/10/25
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 54
EP  - 62
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11
AB  - This study investigated the thermal and emissions performance characteristics of biomass cookstoves developed by the National Center for Energy Research and Development (NCERD) as well as other biomass cookstoves received by the Centre from stove designers and manufactures to ensure conformity with stipulated standard. The Center has acquired a Laboratory emissions monitoring system (LEMS) domicile at its National Stove Eligibility Laboratory (NSEL) for comprehensive biomass cookstoves performance evaluations. Water boiling test (WBT) and food cooking (rice and beans) tests were conducted with at the NSEL with LEMS for firewood and charcoal cookstoves to determine their thermal and emissions performance characteristics. Out of 15 sample charcoal stoves tested, 62% satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2, while 51% of 10 sample of firewood stoves tested satisfied the minimum standard of tier 2. The star rating of a biomass cookstove is determined from the thermal efficiency tier value of the stove. The available cookstoves in the local markets in Nigeria do not display any star rating. It was also found that nearly all the biomass cookstoves available in the local markets in Nigeria have not been tested and few tested ones at NSEL, NCERD were inconclusive. This could be attributed to non-enforcement of the standard and possibly lack of fund and incentives to enable the stove producers to undertake for full testing of the required sample test number of the stoves by Standard to attain full certifications.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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