Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

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Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Its Associated Factors in Horro Woreda, Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Received: Nov. 22, 2019    Accepted: Apr. 16, 2020    Published: Apr. 30, 2020
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Abstract

Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) is one of the biggest worldwide public health problems of today. Even if the coverage of iodized salt in Ethiopia is irregularly increasing, the coverage of households that use adequately iodized salt in different rural communities of Ethiopia was low. A community based cross sectional study was designed to assess availability of adequately iodized salt at household level and its associated factors in Horro woreda, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia from February to March, 2018. Data was collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was used to select households and data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20. Variables having p<0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis and finally, variables having p< 0.05 and 95% confidence internal (CI) were considered as significantly associated. The finding of this study revealed that about 23.6% respondents were utilized adequately iodized. The study also found that the knowledge and practice among participants was 63.8% and 60%, respectively. Moreover, access to information AOR (95% CI)=2.5 (1.1-5.55), wealth status AOR (95% CI)=4.7 (2.5-8.83), knowledge about the benefits of iodized salt AOR (95% CI)=1.4 (1.6-2.08) and salt storage place AOR (95% CI)=4.2 (2.33-13.54) were significantly associated with availability of adequately iodized salt during multivariate analysis. This study concluded that the proportion of households covered by adequately iodized salt in rural communities of the study was very low (23.6%) compared to the internationally recommended value to control iodine deficiency disorder (90%). Therefore, nutrition interventions through behavioral change communication (BCC) towards adequately iodized salt utilization and its practice should be strengthen by all concerned bodies to increase its coverage and to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders in rural communities of the study area.

DOI 10.11648/j.plm.20200401.14
Published in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ( Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020 )
Page(s) 20-26
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adequately Iodized Salt, Availability, Associated Factors, Horro Woreda

References
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[2] Abebe, Z., Gebeye, E., and Tariku, A. (2017). Poor dietary diversity, wealth status and use of un-iodized salt are associated with goiter among school children: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia. Journal of BMC Public Health 17: 44.
[3] Ahiadeke, C., Charles, A., Richmond, A., and Adjoa, A. (2012). Factors influencing the use of adequately iodated salt in Ghana. African Journal of Food Science v. 6 (3): 58-64.
[4] Ahmed, T., Berhanu, S., and Haji, K. (2016). Use of Iodized Salt at Household Level in Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences. Vol. 1 (2): 18-24.
[5] Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy and the Postpartum (2017). Thyroid 27 (3): 315-389.
[6] Anteneh, A., Engidayehi, M., and Abeje, D. (2017). Iodine content of dietary salt at household level and associated factors using Iodometric titration methods in Dera District, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition 3: 83.
[7] Buxton, C., and Baguune, B. (2012). Knowledge and practices of people in Bia District, Ghana, with regard to iodine deficiency disorders and intake of iodized salt, Archives of Public Health, vol. 70 (5): 70–75.
[8] CDC, (2015). Centre for Disease Control and Prevention International; Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control.
[9] Chuko, T., Bagrianky, J., and Brown, T. (2015). Ethiopia’s long road to USI. IDD Newsletter. 43 (2).
[10] CSA and ICF, (2012). Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011, Central Statistical Agency and ICF International, Calverton, Md, USA.
[11] EPHI, (2014). National salt iodization coverage towards prevention of iodine deficiency disorders in Ethiopia.
[12] Ethiopian Council of Ministers, (2014). Salt Iodization Council of Ministers Regulation. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[13] EPHI, (2016). Ethiopian Public Health Institute. National Micronutrient Survey Report Addis Ababa: Federal Ministry of Health, Report No. 10.
[14] Gebremariam, G., Yesuf, E., and Koye, D. (2013). Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia Hindawi Publishing Corporation, ISRN Public Health, Volume 2013.
[15] Gidey, B., Alemu, K., Atnafu, A., Kifle, M., and Tefera, Y. (2015). Availability of Adequate Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Rural Communities of Laelay Maychew District, Northern Ethiopia: J Nutr Health Sci 2 (1): 103.
[16] Hussein I and Assey V (2012). Elimination of Iodine Deficiency through Salt Iodization in Ethiopia, International council for the control of iodine deficiency disorders (ICCIDD), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[17] Masresha, T, Dejene, H and Menen, Z. (2016). Availability and Utilization of Adequately Iodized Salt by Urban and Rural Households and Associated Factors in Southern Ethiopia, Sidama Zone, Bensa Woreda: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering Vol 6 (3): 62-71.
[18] NNP, (2015). National Nutrition Policy; Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia June 2013-June 2015.
[19] WHO, (2017). World Health Organization; Micronutrients.
[20] Tadesse, W., Tadesse, A., and Girma, N. (2019). Knowledge and Practice on Iodized Salt Consumption and Associated Factors at a Household level at Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia”. EC Nutrition 14: 01-12.
[21] Desta, A., Kulkarni, U., Abraha, K., Worku, S., and Sahle, B. (2019). Iodine level concentration, coverage of adequately iodized salt consumption and factors affecting proper iodized salt utilization among households in North Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study, BMC Nutrition 5: 28.
[22] Zimmermann, M. (2012). “The effects of iodine deficiency in pregnancy and infancy,”Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, vol. 26, supplement 1, pp. 108–117.
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    Tamiru Yazew. (2020). Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Its Associated Factors in Horro Woreda, Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20200401.14

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    ACS Style

    Tamiru Yazew. Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Its Associated Factors in Horro Woreda, Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2020, 4(1), 20-26. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20200401.14

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    AMA Style

    Tamiru Yazew. Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Its Associated Factors in Horro Woreda, Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Pathol Lab Med. 2020;4(1):20-26. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20200401.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.plm.20200401.14,
      author = {Tamiru Yazew},
      title = {Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Its Associated Factors in Horro Woreda, Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia},
      journal = {Pathology and Laboratory Medicine},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {20-26},
      doi = {10.11648/j.plm.20200401.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20200401.14},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plm.20200401.14},
      abstract = {Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) is one of the biggest worldwide public health problems of today. Even if the coverage of iodized salt in Ethiopia is irregularly increasing, the coverage of households that use adequately iodized salt in different rural communities of Ethiopia was low. A community based cross sectional study was designed to assess availability of adequately iodized salt at household level and its associated factors in Horro woreda, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia from February to March, 2018. Data was collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was used to select households and data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20. Variables having p<0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis and finally, variables having p< 0.05 and 95% confidence internal (CI) were considered as significantly associated. The finding of this study revealed that about 23.6% respondents were utilized adequately iodized. The study also found that the knowledge and practice among participants was 63.8% and 60%, respectively. Moreover, access to information AOR (95% CI)=2.5 (1.1-5.55), wealth status AOR (95% CI)=4.7 (2.5-8.83), knowledge about the benefits of iodized salt AOR (95% CI)=1.4 (1.6-2.08) and salt storage place AOR (95% CI)=4.2 (2.33-13.54) were significantly associated with availability of adequately iodized salt during multivariate analysis. This study concluded that the proportion of households covered by adequately iodized salt in rural communities of the study was very low (23.6%) compared to the internationally recommended value to control iodine deficiency disorder (90%). Therefore, nutrition interventions through behavioral change communication (BCC) towards adequately iodized salt utilization and its practice should be strengthen by all concerned bodies to increase its coverage and to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders in rural communities of the study area.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
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    AB  - Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) is one of the biggest worldwide public health problems of today. Even if the coverage of iodized salt in Ethiopia is irregularly increasing, the coverage of households that use adequately iodized salt in different rural communities of Ethiopia was low. A community based cross sectional study was designed to assess availability of adequately iodized salt at household level and its associated factors in Horro woreda, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia from February to March, 2018. Data was collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was used to select households and data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20. Variables having p<0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis and finally, variables having p< 0.05 and 95% confidence internal (CI) were considered as significantly associated. The finding of this study revealed that about 23.6% respondents were utilized adequately iodized. The study also found that the knowledge and practice among participants was 63.8% and 60%, respectively. Moreover, access to information AOR (95% CI)=2.5 (1.1-5.55), wealth status AOR (95% CI)=4.7 (2.5-8.83), knowledge about the benefits of iodized salt AOR (95% CI)=1.4 (1.6-2.08) and salt storage place AOR (95% CI)=4.2 (2.33-13.54) were significantly associated with availability of adequately iodized salt during multivariate analysis. This study concluded that the proportion of households covered by adequately iodized salt in rural communities of the study was very low (23.6%) compared to the internationally recommended value to control iodine deficiency disorder (90%). Therefore, nutrition interventions through behavioral change communication (BCC) towards adequately iodized salt utilization and its practice should be strengthen by all concerned bodies to increase its coverage and to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders in rural communities of the study area.
    VL  - 4
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Author Information
  • Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Wollega University, Shambu, Ethiopia

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