Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock

Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11

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Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock

Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh

Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 15 July 2019 Accepted: 13 August 2019 Published: 26 August 2019

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Abstract

We know that it is the front of the Earth’s bow shock where the solar wind kinetic energy flux is transformed into the other kinds the most intensively. In our previous studies, we obtained important relationships that enable calculating the key parameters at transition through the Earth’s bow shock front. One of the most important sources of information on physical processes at the heliosphere boundary are the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts. Since both the solar wind and interstellar medium are supersonic streams, two shocks are formed when flowing around the heliopause. The internal shock, in which the solar wind decelerates to subsonic velocity, is called the heliospheric shock. In the external bow shock, the interstellar gas supersonic flux is decelerated. The aim of this paper is to generalize the previously obtained equations to the processes in the external bow shock region. If Voyager-1 was equipped with a greater set of measuring instruments, we could have already provided estimations of the interstellar medium key parameters, and described in physical terms what this medium is, using relationships and equations from our studies.

Published in	International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11
Page(s)	12-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

External Bow Shock, Interstellar Medium, Set of Measuring Instruments, Computing of Parameters

References

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[2]	Gloeckler G. and Fisk L. A., 2014. A test for whether or not Voyager 1 has crossed the heliopause. Geophysical Research Letters, doi: 10.1002/2014GL060781, 41, 15.
[3]	Gurnett D. A., Kurth W. S., Burlaga L. F., Ness N. F., 2013. In Situ Observations of Interstellar Plasma with Voyager 1. Science. 1241681, doi: 10.1126/science.1241681.
[4]	Krimigis S. M., Roelof E. C., Decker R. B., Hill M. E., 2011. Zero outward flow velocity for plasma in a heliosheath transition layer. Nature, 474, p. 359–361.
[5]	Kubiak Marzena A., et al. 2016. Interstellar neutral helium in the heliosphere from IBEX observations. iv. Flow vector, mach number, and abundance of the warm breeze. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 223: 25. doi: 10.3847/0067-0049/223/2/25.
[6]	Madelung, E., 1957. Die mathematischen hilfsmittel des physikers. Berlin. Gottingen. Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag. p. 500.
[7]	Park J., Harald Kucharek, Eberhard Möbius, André Galli, Marzena A. Kubiak, Maciej Bzowski, and David J. McComas. 2016. IBEX observations of secondary interstellar helium and oxygen distributions. The Astrophysical Journal, 833: 130. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/130
[8]	Ponomarev E. A., Sedykh P. A., Urbanovich V. D., 2006. Bow shock as a power source for magnetospheric processes. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 68, p. 685–690.
[9]	Sedykh P. A., 2011. On the role of the bow shock in power of magnetospheric disturbances. Sun & Geosphere. Special issue of ISWI /United Nations/NASA/JAXA/AGU/ESA/; ISSN 1819-0839. 6 (1), P.27-31.
[10]	Sedykh P. A., E. A. Ponomarev., 2012. A structurally adequate model of the geomagnetosphere. Stud. Geophys. Geod., AS CR, 56, doi: 10.1007/s11200-011-9027-3, p. 110–126.
[11]	Sedykh P. A., 2014. Bow shock. Advances in Space Research, Elsevier Science., JASR11746.
[12]	Sedykh P. A. 2015. Bow shock: Power aspects. Nova Science Publ. NY USA, in Horizons in World Physics. 285. p. 23-73.
[13]	Whang, Y. C., 1987. Slow shocks and their transition to fast shocks in the inner solar wind. J. of Geophys. Res., V. 92, 5. p. 4349–4356.
[14]	Zieger, B., M., Opher, N. A., Schwadron, D. J. McComas, and G. Tуth., 2013. A slow bow shock ahead of the heliosphere. Geophysical research letters, v. 40, p. 2923–2928, doi: 10.1002/grl.50576.
[15]	Zirnstein E. J., H. O. Funsten, J. Heerikhuisen, D. J. McComas, N. A. Schwadron, and G. P. Zank. 2016. Geometry and characteristics of the heliosheath revealed in the first five years of Interstellar Boundary Explorer observations. The Astrophysical Journal, 826: 58. doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/58.

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Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh. (2019). Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 7(2), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11

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Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh. Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2019, 7(2), 12-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11

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Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh. Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2019;7(2):12-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11,
  author = {Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh},
  title = {Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {12-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20190702.11},
  abstract = {We know that it is the front of the Earth’s bow shock where the solar wind kinetic energy flux is transformed into the other kinds the most intensively. In our previous studies, we obtained important relationships that enable calculating the key parameters at transition through the Earth’s bow shock front. One of the most important sources of information on physical processes at the heliosphere boundary are the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts. Since both the solar wind and interstellar medium are supersonic streams, two shocks are formed when flowing around the heliopause. The internal shock, in which the solar wind decelerates to subsonic velocity, is called the heliospheric shock. In the external bow shock, the interstellar gas supersonic flux is decelerated. The aim of this paper is to generalize the previously obtained equations to the processes in the external bow shock region. If Voyager-1 was equipped with a greater set of measuring instruments, we could have already provided estimations of the interstellar medium key parameters, and described in physical terms what this medium is, using relationships and equations from our studies.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock
AU  - Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh
Y1  - 2019/08/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 12
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11
AB  - We know that it is the front of the Earth’s bow shock where the solar wind kinetic energy flux is transformed into the other kinds the most intensively. In our previous studies, we obtained important relationships that enable calculating the key parameters at transition through the Earth’s bow shock front. One of the most important sources of information on physical processes at the heliosphere boundary are the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts. Since both the solar wind and interstellar medium are supersonic streams, two shocks are formed when flowing around the heliopause. The internal shock, in which the solar wind decelerates to subsonic velocity, is called the heliospheric shock. In the external bow shock, the interstellar gas supersonic flux is decelerated. The aim of this paper is to generalize the previously obtained equations to the processes in the external bow shock region. If Voyager-1 was equipped with a greater set of measuring instruments, we could have already provided estimations of the interstellar medium key parameters, and described in physical terms what this medium is, using relationships and equations from our studies.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh

Department of Physics, Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

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APA Style

Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh. (2019). Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 7(2), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11

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ACS Style

Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh. Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2019, 7(2), 12-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11

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AMA Style

Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh. Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2019;7(2):12-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11,
  author = {Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh},
  title = {Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {12-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20190702.11},
  abstract = {We know that it is the front of the Earth’s bow shock where the solar wind kinetic energy flux is transformed into the other kinds the most intensively. In our previous studies, we obtained important relationships that enable calculating the key parameters at transition through the Earth’s bow shock front. One of the most important sources of information on physical processes at the heliosphere boundary are the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts. Since both the solar wind and interstellar medium are supersonic streams, two shocks are formed when flowing around the heliopause. The internal shock, in which the solar wind decelerates to subsonic velocity, is called the heliospheric shock. In the external bow shock, the interstellar gas supersonic flux is decelerated. The aim of this paper is to generalize the previously obtained equations to the processes in the external bow shock region. If Voyager-1 was equipped with a greater set of measuring instruments, we could have already provided estimations of the interstellar medium key parameters, and described in physical terms what this medium is, using relationships and equations from our studies.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Interstellar Medium Parameters in Front of the External Bow Shock
AU  - Pavel Alexandrovich Sedykh
Y1  - 2019/08/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 12
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20190702.11
AB  - We know that it is the front of the Earth’s bow shock where the solar wind kinetic energy flux is transformed into the other kinds the most intensively. In our previous studies, we obtained important relationships that enable calculating the key parameters at transition through the Earth’s bow shock front. One of the most important sources of information on physical processes at the heliosphere boundary are the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts. Since both the solar wind and interstellar medium are supersonic streams, two shocks are formed when flowing around the heliopause. The internal shock, in which the solar wind decelerates to subsonic velocity, is called the heliospheric shock. In the external bow shock, the interstellar gas supersonic flux is decelerated. The aim of this paper is to generalize the previously obtained equations to the processes in the external bow shock region. If Voyager-1 was equipped with a greater set of measuring instruments, we could have already provided estimations of the interstellar medium key parameters, and described in physical terms what this medium is, using relationships and equations from our studies.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download