| Peer-Reviewed

Eradication and Empowerment: Polio Vaccination in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Camps in Nigeria

Received: 26 September 2019    Accepted: 28 October 2019    Published: 31 October 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Specific populations may have disadvantages such as elevated burdens of illness, injury, or lack of chance to attain good health. Such diverse populations may be defined by various factors, commonly including race or ethnicity, education, income, disability, geographic location, gender, or sexual orientation. It is vital that public health practitioners tackle preventable health disparities in underprivileged vulnerable populations, especially in communities where acts of violence inhibit Polio eradication efforts. One of the key preventable illnesses to consider when looking at the health status of Nigerians in the North is Polio. Cultural competency and understanding diversity are critical to developing effective and equitable public health interventions to meet such needs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Poliomyelitis more commonly known as “Polio” has been eradicated in most nations around the world; except 4 countries in recent years (Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Nigeria) and that is a shocking statistic. This fact causes a lot of "PAIN” to see individuals afflicted with a preventable disease that has already been eradicated in most countries in the world, but the good news is that eradication is possible. That means in our planning efforts we need to ensure the safety and security of our health care professionals charged to carry out immunization activities in these risky areas are priority-and can possibly overcome this insecurity challenge by using drone delivery of the polio vaccines in high risk communities in partnership with the Ministry of Defense. “Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus and invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours and is commonly found in the target group of children under the age of five”. Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa with a population of over 160 million people, and unfortunately the only African country on the continent left with active Polio cases. Results from the systemic reviews of evidence-based studies show that people need access to the right information and innovations, good quality affordable health care, and preventable immunization tools like polio vaccines. In conclusion, there is power in partnership with both public and private sector community partners, and parents of children-who are the most vulnerable, for targeted nationwide immunization days using innovative strategies that are very beneficial to protect children from Polio (See Figure 1: “The Fight to End Polio”).

Published in Biomedical Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12
Page(s) 45-56
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Polio Eradication, Nigeria, Impact Assessment, Partnership, Immunization and Innovation, Drone Delivery, Literature Review, Campaign and Communication

References
[1] Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2008). Community Health and Program Services (CHAPS): Health disparities among racial/ethnic populations. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
[2] World Health Organization (2010). WHO Poliomyelitis Fact Sheet. Retrieved at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/
[3] Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2011). The world factbook. Nigeria Fact Sheet. Retrieved at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html
[4] Boutin-Foster, C., Scott, E., Melendez, J., Rodriguez, A., Ramos, R., Kanna, B., & Michelen, W. (2013). Ethical Considerations for Conducting Health Disparities Research in Community Health Centers: A Social-Ecological Perspective. American Journal of Public Health, 103 (12), 2179– 2184. Retrieved at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3828987/
[5] CDC. (2012). Polio Elimination in the United States. Retrieved at https://www.cdc.gov/polio/us/index.html
[6] John, T. J., & Vashishtha, V. M. (2013). Eradicating poliomyelitis: India’s journey from hyperendemic to polio-free status. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 137 (5), 881894. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734678/
[7] Coelho, K. R. (2014). Polio Eradication in 6 Years: Fact or Fiction? International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5 (7), 924–925. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124575/
[8] Vaz, R. G., Mkanda, P., Nsubuga, P., Ado, M., & Etsano, A. (2016). Public Health Innovations on the Way to Interruption of Poliovirus Transmission in Nigeria. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 213 (Suppl 3), S65–S66. http://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv537. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818554/
[9] Rosen, J. (2017). Zipline’s Ambitious Medical Drone Delivery in Africa. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608034/blood-from-the-sky- ziplines-ambitious-medical-drone-delivery-in-africa/
[10] Maher, D. (2013). The human qualities needed to complete the global eradication of polio. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91 (4), 283–289. http://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.12.111831. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3629453/
[11] Bolu, O., Nnadi, C., Damisa, E., Braka, F., Siddique, A., Archer, W. R., … Adamu, U. (2018). Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Nigeria, January–December 2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67 (8), 253–256. http://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6708a5 Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5861699/
[12] Warigon, C., Mkanda, P., Banda, R., Zakari, F., Damisa, E., Idowu, A., … Vaz, R. G. (2016). The Journalists Initiatives on Immunisation Against Polio and Improved Acceptance of the Polio Vaccine in Northern Nigeria 2007–2015. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 213 (Suppl 3), S86– S90. http://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv545. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818555/
[13] Ames, D. (2012). JTF-HD Help Deliver Vaccines to the Pacific. U.S. Army. Retrieved at https://www.army.mil/article/77416/jtf_hd_help_deliver_vaccines_to_the_pacific
[14] Boyle, A. (2017). Zipline expands medical drone delivery to Tanzania with aid from Gates Foundation. GeekWire News. Retrieved at https://www.geekwire.com/2017/zipline-expands-medical-drone- delivery-tanzania-aid-gates-foundation/
[15] Creswell, J. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publication. Retrieved at https://www.academia.edu/28302615/John_W._Creswell-Research_Design_Qualitative_Quantitative_and_Mixed_Methods_Approaches-SAGE_Publications_Inc_2013_.pdf
[16] Faizagul (2015). Challenges to Polio Eradication Programme in Pakistan. Beattie’s Model 1991 infographic. Retrieved from https://faizagul2014.wordpress.com/links-references-2/
[17] Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (Eds). (2008). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons
[18] UNICEF (2015). Communication for Development (C4D). Social Ecological Model (SEM). Social Analysis. MNCHN C4D GUIDE: Communication Strategy Guide for Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition. Retrieved at https://poliok.it/c4d/understand/12-Social_Analysis and https://www.unicef.org/cbsc/index_65738.html
[19] NCI-National Cancer Institute. (2005). Theory at a glance: a guide for health promotion practice. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/theory.pdf
[20] Multimedia presentation (2017). Action Research Planning Process. Retrieved at http://media.capella.edu/CourseMedia/ED5536/actionResearch/actionResearch_wrapper.asp
[21] Frieden, T. (2010). A Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid. American Journal of Public Health. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. 2010 April edition. 100 (4): 590–595. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836340/
[22] Jamshidi, E., Morasae, E. K., Shahandeh, K., Majdzadeh, R., Seydali, E., Aramesh, K., & Abknar, N. L. (2014). Ethical Considerations of Community-based Participatory Research: Contextual Underpinnings for Developing Countries. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5 (10), 1328–1336. Retereived at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4223954/
[23] Curtis, K., Manning, G. (2015). The Art of Leadership. 5th Edition McGraw Hill. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Art_of_Leadership.html?id=cVVWkgEACAAJ
[24] Abdelwahab, J., Vance D., Rudolf E., Christopher M., Marianne O., Hardeep S., Jos V. (2014). Strengthening the Partnership Between Routine Immunization and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to Achieve Eradication and Assure Sustainability, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 210, Issue suppl_1, 1 November 2014, Pages S498–S503, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu041. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/210/suppl_1/S498/2194331
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Oluwatomiloba Mercy Ademokun, Salimah El Amin, Regina Glenn. (2019). Eradication and Empowerment: Polio Vaccination in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Camps in Nigeria. Biomedical Sciences, 5(4), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Oluwatomiloba Mercy Ademokun; Salimah El Amin; Regina Glenn. Eradication and Empowerment: Polio Vaccination in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Camps in Nigeria. Biomed. Sci. 2019, 5(4), 45-56. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Oluwatomiloba Mercy Ademokun, Salimah El Amin, Regina Glenn. Eradication and Empowerment: Polio Vaccination in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Camps in Nigeria. Biomed Sci. 2019;5(4):45-56. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12,
      author = {Oluwatomiloba Mercy Ademokun and Salimah El Amin and Regina Glenn},
      title = {Eradication and Empowerment: Polio Vaccination in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Camps in Nigeria},
      journal = {Biomedical Sciences},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4},
      pages = {45-56},
      doi = {10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bs.20190504.12},
      abstract = {Specific populations may have disadvantages such as elevated burdens of illness, injury, or lack of chance to attain good health. Such diverse populations may be defined by various factors, commonly including race or ethnicity, education, income, disability, geographic location, gender, or sexual orientation. It is vital that public health practitioners tackle preventable health disparities in underprivileged vulnerable populations, especially in communities where acts of violence inhibit Polio eradication efforts. One of the key preventable illnesses to consider when looking at the health status of Nigerians in the North is Polio. Cultural competency and understanding diversity are critical to developing effective and equitable public health interventions to meet such needs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Poliomyelitis more commonly known as “Polio” has been eradicated in most nations around the world; except 4 countries in recent years (Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Nigeria) and that is a shocking statistic. This fact causes a lot of "PAIN” to see individuals afflicted with a preventable disease that has already been eradicated in most countries in the world, but the good news is that eradication is possible. That means in our planning efforts we need to ensure the safety and security of our health care professionals charged to carry out immunization activities in these risky areas are priority-and can possibly overcome this insecurity challenge by using drone delivery of the polio vaccines in high risk communities in partnership with the Ministry of Defense. “Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus and invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours and is commonly found in the target group of children under the age of five”. Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa with a population of over 160 million people, and unfortunately the only African country on the continent left with active Polio cases. Results from the systemic reviews of evidence-based studies show that people need access to the right information and innovations, good quality affordable health care, and preventable immunization tools like polio vaccines. In conclusion, there is power in partnership with both public and private sector community partners, and parents of children-who are the most vulnerable, for targeted nationwide immunization days using innovative strategies that are very beneficial to protect children from Polio (See Figure 1: “The Fight to End Polio”).},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Eradication and Empowerment: Polio Vaccination in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Camps in Nigeria
    AU  - Oluwatomiloba Mercy Ademokun
    AU  - Salimah El Amin
    AU  - Regina Glenn
    Y1  - 2019/10/31
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12
    T2  - Biomedical Sciences
    JF  - Biomedical Sciences
    JO  - Biomedical Sciences
    SP  - 45
    EP  - 56
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3932
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20190504.12
    AB  - Specific populations may have disadvantages such as elevated burdens of illness, injury, or lack of chance to attain good health. Such diverse populations may be defined by various factors, commonly including race or ethnicity, education, income, disability, geographic location, gender, or sexual orientation. It is vital that public health practitioners tackle preventable health disparities in underprivileged vulnerable populations, especially in communities where acts of violence inhibit Polio eradication efforts. One of the key preventable illnesses to consider when looking at the health status of Nigerians in the North is Polio. Cultural competency and understanding diversity are critical to developing effective and equitable public health interventions to meet such needs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Poliomyelitis more commonly known as “Polio” has been eradicated in most nations around the world; except 4 countries in recent years (Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Nigeria) and that is a shocking statistic. This fact causes a lot of "PAIN” to see individuals afflicted with a preventable disease that has already been eradicated in most countries in the world, but the good news is that eradication is possible. That means in our planning efforts we need to ensure the safety and security of our health care professionals charged to carry out immunization activities in these risky areas are priority-and can possibly overcome this insecurity challenge by using drone delivery of the polio vaccines in high risk communities in partnership with the Ministry of Defense. “Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus and invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours and is commonly found in the target group of children under the age of five”. Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa with a population of over 160 million people, and unfortunately the only African country on the continent left with active Polio cases. Results from the systemic reviews of evidence-based studies show that people need access to the right information and innovations, good quality affordable health care, and preventable immunization tools like polio vaccines. In conclusion, there is power in partnership with both public and private sector community partners, and parents of children-who are the most vulnerable, for targeted nationwide immunization days using innovative strategies that are very beneficial to protect children from Polio (See Figure 1: “The Fight to End Polio”).
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University, Minneapolis, The United States

  • School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University, Minneapolis, The United States

  • School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University, Minneapolis, The United States

  • Sections