American Journal of Pediatrics

| Peer-Reviewed |

The Use of Insecticide Treated Bed Net in Children Under Five Years of Age in Alakahia Community, Rivers State

Received: May 24, 2017    Accepted: Aug. 14, 2017    Published: Oct. 17, 2017
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Insecticide Treated bed Net (ITN) is considered to be the most efficacious of all currently feasible interventions for malaria control in Africa. However, its use is still low in Rivers State. This study sought to evaluate the use of insecticide treated bed net, in under-five children in Alakahia, Rivers State. This was a cross-sectional study carried out from 1st August to 31st October 2014, over a period of 3 months. Three hundred and ninety-nine children-parent/caregiver pairs were recruited. Children, aged 6-59 months were selected using systematic and simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A general examination was done followed by collection of blood samples for estimation of packed cell volume and malaria parasitaemia. ITN ownership per household was 60.2%. Of the 240 respondents who owned ITN, 157 (65.4%) used them for their under-five children, but only 50 (31.8%) children slept under an ITN the night before the study. The factors found to influence the use of ITN were number of nets owned and where the net was got. However, purchasing an ITN was the strongest predictor of ITN use (OR =14.091, P= 0.000). The most common reason for non-use of ITN was ‘too hot’ (19.3%). Ownership and use rates were fair, however consistency in the use of the nets was poor. More efforts should be put into health education for behaviour modification.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12
Published in American Journal of Pediatrics ( Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2017 )
Page(s) 32-41
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

ITN, Use, Underfive, Child

References
[1] Schellenberg D, Menen C, Font F, Galindo C, Costa C, Schellenberg JA, et al. African children with malaria in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 61: 431- 38.
[2] Ong’echa JM, Keller CC, Were T, Ouma C, Otieno RO, Landiz-Lewi Z, et al. Parasitemia, anaemia and malarial anaemia in infants and young children in a rural holoendemic plasmodium falciparum transmission area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 74: 376- 85.
[3] National Malaria and Vector Control Division, Federal Ministry of Health. 2008. Annual Report, Abuja Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Health; 2009.
[4] Snow RW, Omumbo SA, Lowe B, Molyneux CS, Obiero JO, Palmar A, et al. Relation between severe malaria morbidity in children and level of plasmodium falciparum transmission in Africa. Lancet 1997; 349: 1650-54.
[5] Lengeler C. Insecticide treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Data of Syst Rev 2000; 2: CD000363.
[6] Goodman C, Coleman P, Mills A. Cost effectiveness of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 1999; 354: 378-85.
[7] World Health Organisation: Annex VII: Procedure for treating Mosquito nets and curtains (PDF) 2009.
[8] Cutis CF, Jana-Kana B, Maxwell CA. Insecticide treated nets: Impacts on vector populations and relevance of initial intensity of transmission pyrethroid resistance. J vector Borne Dis 2003; 40: 1-8.
[9] Maseum H, Shar R, Schroeder K, Daars A, Singer P. Africa’s largest Long Lasting Insecticide treated net producer. Lessons from A to Z textiles. BMC International Health and Human Right 2010; 10: 1472-77.
[10] Vanden J, Thwing J, Wolkon A, Kulkarni AM, Manga A, Erskine M, et al. Assessing bed net use and non- use after long lasting insecticide net distribution: a simple framework to guide programmatic strategies. Malar J 2010; 9: 133-42.
[11] ‘Insecticide Treated Bed nets’. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide. (Accessed 1/5/14).
[12] Allai JA, Hawley WA, Kolczak MS, TerKuile FO, Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, et al. Factors affecting use of permethrin treated bed nets during a randomised control trial in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68: 137-41.
[13] Child health and community Health systems. http:// www.unicef.org. / health /_index_malaria.html. Accessed 2/12/12.
[14] Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, Lo TQ, Kamau L, Kolkzac MS, Philips-Howard PA, et al. Impact of permethrin-treated bed net on entomologic indices in an area of intense year round malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68: 16- 22.
[15] Roll Back Malaria. RBM Global Strategic Plan Geneva: Roll Back Malaria Partnership, 2005. http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/gmap/1-2.html. (Accessed 2/12/12).
[16] Ordinioha B. The use and misuse of mass distributed free insecticide –treated bed net in a semi-urban community in Rivers State, Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2012; 11: 163-68.
[17] Howard N, Shafi A, Jones C, Rowland M. Malaria control under the Taliban regime: Insecticide treated net purchasing, coverage, and usage among men and women in Eastern Afghanistan. Malar J 2010; 9: 7-11.
[18] Watanabe N, Kaneko A, Yamar S, Leodoro H, Taleo G, Takeo T, et al. Determinants of the use of insecticide treated bed nets on Islands of pre and post malaria elimination: an application of the Health Belief Model in Vanuatu. Malar J 2014; 13: 441-46.
[19] Syed A, Hossain S, Mohammed KM, Sanjit R. Free distribution of insecticide treated bed nets improves possession and preferential use by households and is equitable: findings from 2 cross-sectional surveys in thirteen endemic districts in Bangladesh. Malar J 2011; 10: 357-61.
[20] Vanden J, Thwing J, Wolkon A, Kulkarni AM, Manga A, Erskine M, et al. Assessing bed net use and non- use after long lasting insecticide net distribution: a simple framework to guide programmatic strategies. Malar J 2010; 9: 133-42.
[21] Iyaniwura CA, Ariba A, Runsewe-Abiodun T. Knowledge, use and promotion of insecticide treated nets by health workers in a suburban town in South Western Nigeria. Nig J Clin Pract 2008; 11: 149- 54.
[22] Roll Back Malaria. RBM Global Strategic Plan Geneva: Roll Back Malaria Partnership, 2005. http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/gmap/1-2.html. (Accessed 2/12/12).
[23] Afolabi B, Sofola O, Futanmbi BS, Otsemobor P, Komakech W, Okoh F, et al. Household possession, use and non-use of treated nets in two ecologically diverse regions of Nigeria- Niger Delta and Sahel Savannah. Malar J 2009; 8: 30-35.
[24] Noland G, Graves PM, Saliu A Eigege A, Emukah E, Patterson AE, et al. Malaria prevalence and anaemia baseline intervention coverage prior to mass net distributions in Abia and Plateau States in Nigeria. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14: 168-170.
[25] National Population Commission (NPC) and ICF International 2014. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013; 48-49.
[26] Procacci PG, Lamizana L, Kumlien S, Habluetzel A, Rotigliano G. Permethrin- impregnated curtains in malaria control. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1991; 2: 181-5.
[27] Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, Lo TQ, Kamau L, Kolkzac MS, Philips-Howard PA, et al. Impact of permethrin-treated bed net on entomologic indices in an area of intense year round malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68: 16-22.
[28] Edelu BO, Ikefuna AN, Emodi JI, Adimora GN. Awareness and use of insecticide treated bed nets among children attending outpatient clinic at UNTH, Enugu- the need for and effective mobilization process. Afr Health Sci 2010; 10: 117-9.
[29] Ordinioha B. The use of insecticide –treated bed net in a semi urban community in south-south, Nigeria. Nig J Trop Med 2007; 16: 223-26.
[30] Adjah OS, Panayiotou AG. Impact of malaria related messages on insecticide treated net (ITN) use for malaria prevention in Ghana. Malar J 2014; 13: 123-5.
[31] Eshetu FG, Damen HM. Factors influencing people’s willingness to buy Insecticide treated net in Abaminch Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia. J Health Popul Nutri 2011; 3: 200- 6.
[32] Mathanga DP, Campbell CH, Taylor IE, Barlow R, Wilson MC. Socially marketed insecticide treated nets effectively reduce plasmodium infection and anaemia among children in urban Malawi. Trop Med Int Hlt 2006; 11: 1367-74.
[33] Killain A, Koenker H, Baba E, Onyefunafoe EO, Selby RA, Lokko K, et al. Universal coverage with insecticide treated nets- applying the revised indicators for ownership and use to the Nigeria 2010 Malaria Indicator Survey Data. Malar J 2013; 12: 314-7.
[34] Baume C, Franca-Coe C. Predictors of mosquito net use in Ghana. Malar J 2011; 10: 205-9.
[35] Baume C, Reithinger R, Woldehanna S. Factors associated with use and non-use of mosquito nets owned in Oromia and Amhara regional states, Ethiopia. Malar J 2009; 8: 264-68.
[36] Onwujekwe O, Hanson K, Fox- Rushday J. Who buys insecticide treated nets? Implications for increasing coverage in Nigeria. Health Policy and Planning 2003; 3: 279-89.
[37] Justin P, Manuel W, Miranda B, Peter M, Ivo M. Reported reasons for not using a mosquito net when one is available: a review of the published literature. Malar J 2011; 10: 83-97.
[38] Allai JA, Hawley WA, Kolczak MS, TerKuile FO, Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, et al. Factors affecting use of permethrin treated bed nets during a randomised control trial in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68: 137-41.
[39] Sekou S, Morgan P, Yazoume Y, Fati S. Progress in coverage of bed net ownership and use in Burkina Faso 2003-2014: evidence from population –based surveys. Malar J 2017: 16: 302.
[40] Fokam E, Kindzeka G, Ngimuh L, Dzi K, Wanji S. Determination of the predictive factors of long lasting insecticide-treated net ownership and utilization in Bamenda Health District of Cameroon. BMH Public Health 2017; 17: 263.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Nalley Joy Chinwe, George Innocent Ocheyana, Opara Peace Ibo, Yaguo-ide Lucy Eberechukwu. (2017). The Use of Insecticide Treated Bed Net in Children Under Five Years of Age in Alakahia Community, Rivers State. American Journal of Pediatrics, 3(5), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Nalley Joy Chinwe; George Innocent Ocheyana; Opara Peace Ibo; Yaguo-ide Lucy Eberechukwu. The Use of Insecticide Treated Bed Net in Children Under Five Years of Age in Alakahia Community, Rivers State. Am. J. Pediatr. 2017, 3(5), 32-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Nalley Joy Chinwe, George Innocent Ocheyana, Opara Peace Ibo, Yaguo-ide Lucy Eberechukwu. The Use of Insecticide Treated Bed Net in Children Under Five Years of Age in Alakahia Community, Rivers State. Am J Pediatr. 2017;3(5):32-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12,
      author = {Nalley Joy Chinwe and George Innocent Ocheyana and Opara Peace Ibo and Yaguo-ide Lucy Eberechukwu},
      title = {The Use of Insecticide Treated Bed Net in Children Under Five Years of Age in Alakahia Community, Rivers State},
      journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {32-41},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20170305.12},
      abstract = {Insecticide Treated bed Net (ITN) is considered to be the most efficacious of all currently feasible interventions for malaria control in Africa. However, its use is still low in Rivers State. This study sought to evaluate the use of insecticide treated bed net, in under-five children in Alakahia, Rivers State. This was a cross-sectional study carried out from 1st August to 31st October 2014, over a period of 3 months. Three hundred and ninety-nine children-parent/caregiver pairs were recruited. Children, aged 6-59 months were selected using systematic and simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A general examination was done followed by collection of blood samples for estimation of packed cell volume and malaria parasitaemia. ITN ownership per household was 60.2%. Of the 240 respondents who owned ITN, 157 (65.4%) used them for their under-five children, but only 50 (31.8%) children slept under an ITN the night before the study. The factors found to influence the use of ITN were number of nets owned and where the net was got. However, purchasing an ITN was the strongest predictor of ITN use (OR =14.091, P= 0.000). The most common reason for non-use of ITN was ‘too hot’ (19.3%). Ownership and use rates were fair, however consistency in the use of the nets was poor. More efforts should be put into health education for behaviour modification.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Use of Insecticide Treated Bed Net in Children Under Five Years of Age in Alakahia Community, Rivers State
    AU  - Nalley Joy Chinwe
    AU  - George Innocent Ocheyana
    AU  - Opara Peace Ibo
    AU  - Yaguo-ide Lucy Eberechukwu
    Y1  - 2017/10/17
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12
    T2  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    JF  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    JO  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    SP  - 32
    EP  - 41
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-0909
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20170305.12
    AB  - Insecticide Treated bed Net (ITN) is considered to be the most efficacious of all currently feasible interventions for malaria control in Africa. However, its use is still low in Rivers State. This study sought to evaluate the use of insecticide treated bed net, in under-five children in Alakahia, Rivers State. This was a cross-sectional study carried out from 1st August to 31st October 2014, over a period of 3 months. Three hundred and ninety-nine children-parent/caregiver pairs were recruited. Children, aged 6-59 months were selected using systematic and simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A general examination was done followed by collection of blood samples for estimation of packed cell volume and malaria parasitaemia. ITN ownership per household was 60.2%. Of the 240 respondents who owned ITN, 157 (65.4%) used them for their under-five children, but only 50 (31.8%) children slept under an ITN the night before the study. The factors found to influence the use of ITN were number of nets owned and where the net was got. However, purchasing an ITN was the strongest predictor of ITN use (OR =14.091, P= 0.000). The most common reason for non-use of ITN was ‘too hot’ (19.3%). Ownership and use rates were fair, however consistency in the use of the nets was poor. More efforts should be put into health education for behaviour modification.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Section