American Journal of Pediatrics

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Neurotoxicity of Drugs in Children During Antenatal and Postnatal Development Periods

Received: Nov. 08, 2019    Accepted: Feb. 14, 2020    Published: Feb. 28, 2020
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Abstract

Neurotoxicity is not rare and periodically severe and even life-threatening adverse effect (AE) of drugs belonging to many therapeutic groups. Manifestations of neurotoxicity are variable: disturbances of peripheral nervous system (ototoxicity and ophtalmotoxicity, visceral neuropathy, neuromuscular blockade), involving of central nervous system (CNS) (developmental brain malformations, seizures, impairment of consciousness, nonspecific encephalopathy). In the way of its consequences central nervous system damage is the most severe manifestation of drug neurotoxicity but the main predisposing factor is related to immature but growing intensively child brain of first years of life; the primary factor for neurotoxic effect is the capacity of drugs to transfer through brain-blood barrier and cumulate into CNS. The principal mechanism of neurotoxicity is dysfunction/apoptosis of nervous cells. Aim of this survey is to provide data and attract once again the professionals attention to the neurological complications of those drugs in the first place that are mainly targeted to the CNS effects (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, anesthetics) among the mostly sensitive groups – pregnant women, newborns, infants. Results. Based on analyzed data it was revealed high incidence of CNS complications both transient (seizures, temporarily impairment of consciousness) and persistent (developmental brain malformations, decrease of cognitive functions) in case of use of the drugs of current interest (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics (general and local), antibiotics) in risk groups – fetus, newborns, infants. Population risk of neurotoxicity includes also ethnic and genetic special features, renal and hepatic failure, background neuropsychic diseases except determined age groups. Conclusion. Neurotoxicity is one of the most severe manifestations of drug intolerance that depends on different aspects. The youngest targeted group is children of 0 – 3 years old due to their developmental immature brain and age-dependent specific characteristics of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics that could result in drug overdose as a particular case of neurotoxicity due underestimation of the mentioned above factors.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21
Published in American Journal of Pediatrics ( Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020 )
Page(s) 62-67
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Neurotoxicity, Anticonvulsants, Psychotropic Agents, Anesthetics, Antibiotics, Pregnancy, Lactation

References
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  • APA Style

    Sergey Postnikov, Natalia Teplova, Aleksey Ermilin, Marya Kostyleva, Anna Gratzhianskaya, et al. (2020). Neurotoxicity of Drugs in Children During Antenatal and Postnatal Development Periods. American Journal of Pediatrics, 6(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21

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    ACS Style

    Sergey Postnikov; Natalia Teplova; Aleksey Ermilin; Marya Kostyleva; Anna Gratzhianskaya, et al. Neurotoxicity of Drugs in Children During Antenatal and Postnatal Development Periods. Am. J. Pediatr. 2020, 6(1), 62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21

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    AMA Style

    Sergey Postnikov, Natalia Teplova, Aleksey Ermilin, Marya Kostyleva, Anna Gratzhianskaya, et al. Neurotoxicity of Drugs in Children During Antenatal and Postnatal Development Periods. Am J Pediatr. 2020;6(1):62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21,
      author = {Sergey Postnikov and Natalia Teplova and Aleksey Ermilin and Marya Kostyleva and Anna Gratzhianskaya and Galina Chervyakova and Yulia Eremina},
      title = {Neurotoxicity of Drugs in Children During Antenatal and Postnatal Development Periods},
      journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {62-67},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20200601.21},
      abstract = {Neurotoxicity is not rare and periodically severe and even life-threatening adverse effect (AE) of drugs belonging to many therapeutic groups. Manifestations of neurotoxicity are variable: disturbances of peripheral nervous system (ototoxicity and ophtalmotoxicity, visceral neuropathy, neuromuscular blockade), involving of central nervous system (CNS) (developmental brain malformations, seizures, impairment of consciousness, nonspecific encephalopathy). In the way of its consequences central nervous system damage is the most severe manifestation of drug neurotoxicity but the main predisposing factor is related to immature but growing intensively child brain of first years of life; the primary factor for neurotoxic effect is the capacity of drugs to transfer through brain-blood barrier and cumulate into CNS. The principal mechanism of neurotoxicity is dysfunction/apoptosis of nervous cells. Aim of this survey is to provide data and attract once again the professionals attention to the neurological complications of those drugs in the first place that are mainly targeted to the CNS effects (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, anesthetics) among the mostly sensitive groups – pregnant women, newborns, infants. Results. Based on analyzed data it was revealed high incidence of CNS complications both transient (seizures, temporarily impairment of consciousness) and persistent (developmental brain malformations, decrease of cognitive functions) in case of use of the drugs of current interest (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics (general and local), antibiotics) in risk groups – fetus, newborns, infants. Population risk of neurotoxicity includes also ethnic and genetic special features, renal and hepatic failure, background neuropsychic diseases except determined age groups. Conclusion. Neurotoxicity is one of the most severe manifestations of drug intolerance that depends on different aspects. The youngest targeted group is children of 0 – 3 years old due to their developmental immature brain and age-dependent specific characteristics of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics that could result in drug overdose as a particular case of neurotoxicity due underestimation of the mentioned above factors.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Neurotoxicity of Drugs in Children During Antenatal and Postnatal Development Periods
    AU  - Sergey Postnikov
    AU  - Natalia Teplova
    AU  - Aleksey Ermilin
    AU  - Marya Kostyleva
    AU  - Anna Gratzhianskaya
    AU  - Galina Chervyakova
    AU  - Yulia Eremina
    Y1  - 2020/02/28
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21
    T2  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    JF  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    JO  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    SP  - 62
    EP  - 67
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-0909
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.21
    AB  - Neurotoxicity is not rare and periodically severe and even life-threatening adverse effect (AE) of drugs belonging to many therapeutic groups. Manifestations of neurotoxicity are variable: disturbances of peripheral nervous system (ototoxicity and ophtalmotoxicity, visceral neuropathy, neuromuscular blockade), involving of central nervous system (CNS) (developmental brain malformations, seizures, impairment of consciousness, nonspecific encephalopathy). In the way of its consequences central nervous system damage is the most severe manifestation of drug neurotoxicity but the main predisposing factor is related to immature but growing intensively child brain of first years of life; the primary factor for neurotoxic effect is the capacity of drugs to transfer through brain-blood barrier and cumulate into CNS. The principal mechanism of neurotoxicity is dysfunction/apoptosis of nervous cells. Aim of this survey is to provide data and attract once again the professionals attention to the neurological complications of those drugs in the first place that are mainly targeted to the CNS effects (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, anesthetics) among the mostly sensitive groups – pregnant women, newborns, infants. Results. Based on analyzed data it was revealed high incidence of CNS complications both transient (seizures, temporarily impairment of consciousness) and persistent (developmental brain malformations, decrease of cognitive functions) in case of use of the drugs of current interest (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics (general and local), antibiotics) in risk groups – fetus, newborns, infants. Population risk of neurotoxicity includes also ethnic and genetic special features, renal and hepatic failure, background neuropsychic diseases except determined age groups. Conclusion. Neurotoxicity is one of the most severe manifestations of drug intolerance that depends on different aspects. The youngest targeted group is children of 0 – 3 years old due to their developmental immature brain and age-dependent specific characteristics of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics that could result in drug overdose as a particular case of neurotoxicity due underestimation of the mentioned above factors.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Russian National Research Medical University Named After Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation; Russian Children Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Russian National Research Medical University Named After Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Russian National Research Medical University Named After Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation; Russian Children Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Russian National Research Medical University Named After Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation; Russian Children Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Russian National Research Medical University Named After Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation; Russian Children Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Russian National Research Medical University Named After Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation

  • Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Russian National Research Medical University Named After Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation

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