Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System

Margarita Stefanovich

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12

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Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System

Margarita Stefanovich

Received: 18 December 2019 Accepted: 15 January 2020 Published: 14 February 2020

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Abstract

The book "Das Ohr als Nachrichten Empfänger" by Zwicker and Feldkeller was published in 1967. It four experiments researching into the study of human acoustic sensation in the perception of a tonal sound signal. Comprehensive analysis of their results allows us to understand that the auditory system remembers information regarding the frequency of sound on the basis of on the principle of place. According to their biophysical characteristics the complex of elements Inner Hair Cells-Basilar membrane-Outer Hair Cells (OHC-BM-IHC) is a series connection of parallel resonant circuits. During the process of perceiving a tonal sound signal, the greatest amplitude of the transverse oscillations of the BM of the cochlea is observed at that point of the basilar membrane where the signal frequency is closest to the resonance frequency of the contour. The auditory system stores information about the frequency of the sound through the sequence number of the IHC, located in the middle of the general group of cells with an elevated receptor potential (RP). The projection of IHC can be considered as a measuring scale with digitized points. Neurons with excitatory and inhibitory inputs function as logic chips in a computer. The neural network stores information about the audible pitch as a number in binary code in a group of ordered memory neurons. The understanding of main principles of functioning of human auditory system is necessary for improvement of quality of speech perception through Cochlear Implant.

DOI	10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12
Published in	Advances in Applied Physiology (Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2019)
Page(s)	19-27
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Auditory System, Frequency of Sound Signal, Audible Pitch

References

[1]	Hearing: Psychophysics, Physiology, and Models (2018). Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 104: 741-747.
[2]	B. C. J. Moore, S. M. A. Ernst (2012). Frequency difference limens at high frequencies: Evidence for a transition from a temporal to a place code. JASA, 132: 1542-1547.
[3]	E. Zwicker, R. Feldkeller (1967). Das Ohr als Nachrichtenempfänger. Stuttgart: Hierzel-Verlag: 256 p.
[4]	M. Bollerott, H. G. Despang, W. Kluge, A. Schwarz (1996). Softwaremodell der natürlichen Cochlea. Acustica, 82: 102-113.
[5]	S. S. Stevens., H. Davis, M. H. Lurie (1935). The localization of pitch perception on the basilar membrain. J. Gen. Psychol., (13): 297-315.
[6]	J. C. Steinberg (1937). Position of stimulation in the cochlea by pure tones. JASA 8: 176–181.
[7]	R. Feldkeller, E. Zwicker (1957). Das Ohr als Nachrichtenempfänger. Stuttgart: Hierzel-Verlag: 103 p.
[8]	N. Y. S. Kiang, M. B. Sachs, W. T. Peake (1967). Shapes of tuning curves for single auditory nerve fibers. JASA, 42: 1341-1342.
[9]	M. Mauermann (2004). Fine structure of hearing threshold and loudness perception. JASA, 116: 1066-1088.
[10]	M. Stefanovich, V. Pudov (2013). Peculiarities of auditory sensations in electrode hearing aids. Neurophysiological mechanisms of the formation of auditory sensations in the perception of a sound signal. Saarbrucken: LAMBERT. 120 p.
[11]	H. Fastl, A. Hesse (1984). Frequency discrimination for pure tones. ACUSTICA 56: 41-47.
[12]	A. R. Palmer, E. F. Evans (1979). On the peripheral coding of the level of individual frequency components of complex sounds at high sound levels. Exp Brain Res. Suppl II: 19-26.
[13]	A. E. Vandali, C. Sucher, D. J. Tsang, C. McKay (2005). Pitch ranking ability of cochlear implant recipients: A comparison of sound-processing strategies. JASA, 117 (5): 3126-3138.
[14]	C. McKay, K. R. Henshall (2002). Frequency-to-electrode allocation and speech perception with cochlear implants. J ASA, 111: 1036-1043.
[15]	M. Stefanovich (2015). The process of memorizing of numeric values of main characteristics of stimulus in human sensory systems. Neurocomputers: development, application, 11: 35-40.
[16]	M. Stefanovich (2017). A number in binary code as a possible way to store information about the frequency of an audio signal in the human auditory system. Materials of the all-Russian conference. Kazan, p. 477-490.

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Margarita Stefanovich. (2020). Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System. Advances in Applied Physiology, 4(2), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12

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Margarita Stefanovich. Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 2020, 4(2), 19-27. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12

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Margarita Stefanovich. Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System. Adv Appl Physiol. 2020;4(2):19-27. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12,
  author = {Margarita Stefanovich},
  title = {Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System},
  journal = {Advances in Applied Physiology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {19-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aap.20190402.12},
  abstract = {The book "Das Ohr als Nachrichten Empfänger" by Zwicker and Feldkeller was published in 1967. It four experiments researching into the study of human acoustic sensation in the perception of a tonal sound signal. Comprehensive analysis of their results allows us to understand that the auditory system remembers information regarding the frequency of sound on the basis of on the principle of place. According to their biophysical characteristics the complex of elements Inner Hair Cells-Basilar membrane-Outer Hair Cells (OHC-BM-IHC) is a series connection of parallel resonant circuits. During the process of perceiving a tonal sound signal, the greatest amplitude of the transverse oscillations of the BM of the cochlea is observed at that point of the basilar membrane where the signal frequency is closest to the resonance frequency of the contour. The auditory system stores information about the frequency of the sound through the sequence number of the IHC, located in the middle of the general group of cells with an elevated receptor potential (RP). The projection of IHC can be considered as a measuring scale with digitized points. Neurons with excitatory and inhibitory inputs function as logic chips in a computer. The neural network stores information about the audible pitch as a number in binary code in a group of ordered memory neurons. The understanding of main principles of functioning of human auditory system is necessary for improvement of quality of speech perception through Cochlear Implant.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System
AU  - Margarita Stefanovich
Y1  - 2020/02/14
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12
T2  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JF  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JO  - Advances in Applied Physiology
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AB  - The book "Das Ohr als Nachrichten Empfänger" by Zwicker and Feldkeller was published in 1967. It four experiments researching into the study of human acoustic sensation in the perception of a tonal sound signal. Comprehensive analysis of their results allows us to understand that the auditory system remembers information regarding the frequency of sound on the basis of on the principle of place. According to their biophysical characteristics the complex of elements Inner Hair Cells-Basilar membrane-Outer Hair Cells (OHC-BM-IHC) is a series connection of parallel resonant circuits. During the process of perceiving a tonal sound signal, the greatest amplitude of the transverse oscillations of the BM of the cochlea is observed at that point of the basilar membrane where the signal frequency is closest to the resonance frequency of the contour. The auditory system stores information about the frequency of the sound through the sequence number of the IHC, located in the middle of the general group of cells with an elevated receptor potential (RP). The projection of IHC can be considered as a measuring scale with digitized points. Neurons with excitatory and inhibitory inputs function as logic chips in a computer. The neural network stores information about the audible pitch as a number in binary code in a group of ordered memory neurons. The understanding of main principles of functioning of human auditory system is necessary for improvement of quality of speech perception through Cochlear Implant.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Margarita Stefanovich

Independent Researcher, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

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Margarita Stefanovich. (2020). Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System. Advances in Applied Physiology, 4(2), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12

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ACS Style

Margarita Stefanovich. Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 2020, 4(2), 19-27. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Margarita Stefanovich. Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System. Adv Appl Physiol. 2020;4(2):19-27. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12,
  author = {Margarita Stefanovich},
  title = {Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System},
  journal = {Advances in Applied Physiology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {19-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aap.20190402.12},
  abstract = {The book "Das Ohr als Nachrichten Empfänger" by Zwicker and Feldkeller was published in 1967. It four experiments researching into the study of human acoustic sensation in the perception of a tonal sound signal. Comprehensive analysis of their results allows us to understand that the auditory system remembers information regarding the frequency of sound on the basis of on the principle of place. According to their biophysical characteristics the complex of elements Inner Hair Cells-Basilar membrane-Outer Hair Cells (OHC-BM-IHC) is a series connection of parallel resonant circuits. During the process of perceiving a tonal sound signal, the greatest amplitude of the transverse oscillations of the BM of the cochlea is observed at that point of the basilar membrane where the signal frequency is closest to the resonance frequency of the contour. The auditory system stores information about the frequency of the sound through the sequence number of the IHC, located in the middle of the general group of cells with an elevated receptor potential (RP). The projection of IHC can be considered as a measuring scale with digitized points. Neurons with excitatory and inhibitory inputs function as logic chips in a computer. The neural network stores information about the audible pitch as a number in binary code in a group of ordered memory neurons. The understanding of main principles of functioning of human auditory system is necessary for improvement of quality of speech perception through Cochlear Implant.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Possible Method of Memorizing Tonal Sound Signal Frequency in the Human Auditory System
AU  - Margarita Stefanovich
Y1  - 2020/02/14
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12
T2  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JF  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JO  - Advances in Applied Physiology
SP  - 19
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9714
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20190402.12
AB  - The book "Das Ohr als Nachrichten Empfänger" by Zwicker and Feldkeller was published in 1967. It four experiments researching into the study of human acoustic sensation in the perception of a tonal sound signal. Comprehensive analysis of their results allows us to understand that the auditory system remembers information regarding the frequency of sound on the basis of on the principle of place. According to their biophysical characteristics the complex of elements Inner Hair Cells-Basilar membrane-Outer Hair Cells (OHC-BM-IHC) is a series connection of parallel resonant circuits. During the process of perceiving a tonal sound signal, the greatest amplitude of the transverse oscillations of the BM of the cochlea is observed at that point of the basilar membrane where the signal frequency is closest to the resonance frequency of the contour. The auditory system stores information about the frequency of the sound through the sequence number of the IHC, located in the middle of the general group of cells with an elevated receptor potential (RP). The projection of IHC can be considered as a measuring scale with digitized points. Neurons with excitatory and inhibitory inputs function as logic chips in a computer. The neural network stores information about the audible pitch as a number in binary code in a group of ordered memory neurons. The understanding of main principles of functioning of human auditory system is necessary for improvement of quality of speech perception through Cochlear Implant.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download