Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector

Yasser Ayad Kadhim; Nada Farhan Kadhim; Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12

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Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector

Yasser Ayad Kadhim, Nada Farhan Kadhim, Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim

Published in American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 14 July 2019 Accepted: 13 August 2019 Published: 28 August 2019

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to calculate the alpha rates emitted from some parts of animal which are not consumed (bones samples) and re-enter the human food chain as bone meal in various fodder products, or as fertilizers. This is performed by count the alpha tracks emitted from the natural radioactive nuclei (pb-210, po-210, Ra-226) of three common animals bones (beef, sheep, and chicken) by exposed the CN-85 detector to some grams of the samples filled in clear plastic cup (cup technique). The detectors were exposed to the samples for 60 days and then etched by water bath with 2.5N (NaOH) solution at 60°C. The results showed that the mean alpha emission rates of the samples were 50.85 Bq.m^-2, 58.24Bq.m^-2, and 67.99 Bq.m^-2 for sheep, beef and chicken respectively. The highest alpha emission rate observed in chicken samples and the lowest rate of alpha emitters observed in sheep samples, and the optimum etching time of CN-85 when its used to detect the natural alpha particles is 40 mints.

Published in	American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12
Page(s)	7-11
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alpha Emission Rate, Bones, CN-85, SSNTDs, Radionuclides

References

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[2]	Enge, W., 1995. On the question of nuclear track formation in plastic material. Radiat. Meas. 25 (1-4), 11-26.
[3]	Fink D, Hnatowicz V., 2007. Fundamentals of ion-irradiated polymers. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag.
[4]	S. Peng, M. Folkard, S. Gilchrist, R. J. Locke, Z. Yu, B. D. Michael., 2001. Measurements of the targeting accuracy of the Gray Laboratory charged-particle microbeam. Nucl. Instr. Meth. 179, 145-150.
[5]	S. A. Durrani and R. K. Bull., 1987. Solid State Nuclear Track Detection, Principles, methods and Applications, University of Birmingham, UK.
[6]	Rubin R, Strayer DS. Rubin's pathology. 2007. clinicopathologic foundations of medicine, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
[7]	Hassan, A. B., Mohsen A. A. H., Mraity, H. A. A., Abojassim, A. A., 2019. Determination of Alpha Particles Levels in Blood Samples of Cancer Patients at Karbala Governorate, Iraq, Iran J Med Phys, 16, 41-47.
[8]	Kadhim N. F., Omron, A. M., 2019, Measurement the natural radioactivity of Sheep meat samples from Karbala governorate, Wor. Ne. Na. Sci, 22, 110-118.
[9]	IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency. 1999. Assessment of Doses to thePublic from Ingested Radionuclides, in Safety Reports Series No. 14. Vienna.
[10]	Colmenero S. L., Montero M. E., Villalba L., Renterıa V. M., Torres M. E., Garcıa L. M., GarcıaT. R., Mireles G. F., Herrera E. F. and Sanchez A. D., 2004. Uranium-238 and thorium-232 series concentrations in soil, radon-222 indoor and drinking water concentrations and dose assessment in the governorate of Aldama, Chihuahua, Mexico. Env. Rad, 77, 205–219.
[11]	NCRP, 1999. National council on radiation protection and measurements. Biological effects and exposure limits for “hot particles”.
[12]	Whicker, F. W. and Schultz, V., 1982. Radioecology: nuclear energy and the environment. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Fla., 1 (1), 147-162.
[13]	Almayahi, B. A., Tajuddin, A. A., Jaafar, M. S., 2014. Measurements of natural radionuclides in human teeth and animal bones as markers of radiation exposure from soil in the Northern Malaysian Peninsula, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 97, 56–67.
[14]	Henshaw, D., 1989. Application of solid-state nuclear track detectors to measurements of natural alpha-radioactivity in human body tissues. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 16, 253-270.
[15]	Kadhim N. F., Jebur L. A., Ridha A. A., 2016, Studying Different Etching Methods Using CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector, Detection. 4, 45-53.
[16]	Hawraa K. A., 2017. The use of wall paints as a shield to reduce the exhalation of alpha particles and radon gas. A M. Sc. thesis. University of Mustansiriyah. Iraq.

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APA Style

Yasser Ayad Kadhim, Nada Farhan Kadhim, Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim. (2019). Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector. American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy, 3(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12

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ACS Style

Yasser Ayad Kadhim; Nada Farhan Kadhim; Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim. Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector. Am. J. Quantum Chem. Mol. Spectrosc. 2019, 3(1), 7-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12

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AMA Style

Yasser Ayad Kadhim, Nada Farhan Kadhim, Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim. Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector. Am J Quantum Chem Mol Spectrosc. 2019;3(1):7-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12,
  author = {Yasser Ayad Kadhim and Nada Farhan Kadhim and Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim},
  title = {Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector},
  journal = {American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajqcms.20190301.12},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to calculate the alpha rates emitted from some parts of animal which are not consumed (bones samples) and re-enter the human food chain as bone meal in various fodder products, or as fertilizers. This is performed by count the alpha tracks emitted from the natural radioactive nuclei (pb-210, po-210, Ra-226) of three common animals bones (beef, sheep, and chicken) by exposed the CN-85 detector to some grams of the samples filled in clear plastic cup (cup technique). The detectors were exposed to the samples for 60 days and then etched by water bath with 2.5N (NaOH) solution at 60°C. The results showed that the mean alpha emission rates of the samples were 50.85 Bq.m-2, 58.24Bq.m-2, and 67.99 Bq.m-2 for sheep, beef and chicken respectively. The highest alpha emission rate observed in chicken samples and the lowest rate of alpha emitters observed in sheep samples, and the optimum etching time of CN-85 when its used to detect the natural alpha particles is 40 mints.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector
AU  - Yasser Ayad Kadhim
AU  - Nada Farhan Kadhim
AU  - Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim
Y1  - 2019/08/28
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12
T2  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
JO  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
SP  - 7
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12
AB  - The aim of this study is to calculate the alpha rates emitted from some parts of animal which are not consumed (bones samples) and re-enter the human food chain as bone meal in various fodder products, or as fertilizers. This is performed by count the alpha tracks emitted from the natural radioactive nuclei (pb-210, po-210, Ra-226) of three common animals bones (beef, sheep, and chicken) by exposed the CN-85 detector to some grams of the samples filled in clear plastic cup (cup technique). The detectors were exposed to the samples for 60 days and then etched by water bath with 2.5N (NaOH) solution at 60°C. The results showed that the mean alpha emission rates of the samples were 50.85 Bq.m-2, 58.24Bq.m-2, and 67.99 Bq.m-2 for sheep, beef and chicken respectively. The highest alpha emission rate observed in chicken samples and the lowest rate of alpha emitters observed in sheep samples, and the optimum etching time of CN-85 when its used to detect the natural alpha particles is 40 mints.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Yasser Ayad Kadhim

Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Nada Farhan Kadhim

Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim

Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

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APA Style

Yasser Ayad Kadhim, Nada Farhan Kadhim, Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim. (2019). Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector. American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy, 3(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12

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ACS Style

Yasser Ayad Kadhim; Nada Farhan Kadhim; Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim. Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector. Am. J. Quantum Chem. Mol. Spectrosc. 2019, 3(1), 7-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12

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AMA Style

Yasser Ayad Kadhim, Nada Farhan Kadhim, Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim. Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector. Am J Quantum Chem Mol Spectrosc. 2019;3(1):7-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12,
  author = {Yasser Ayad Kadhim and Nada Farhan Kadhim and Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim},
  title = {Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector},
  journal = {American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajqcms.20190301.12},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to calculate the alpha rates emitted from some parts of animal which are not consumed (bones samples) and re-enter the human food chain as bone meal in various fodder products, or as fertilizers. This is performed by count the alpha tracks emitted from the natural radioactive nuclei (pb-210, po-210, Ra-226) of three common animals bones (beef, sheep, and chicken) by exposed the CN-85 detector to some grams of the samples filled in clear plastic cup (cup technique). The detectors were exposed to the samples for 60 days and then etched by water bath with 2.5N (NaOH) solution at 60°C. The results showed that the mean alpha emission rates of the samples were 50.85 Bq.m-2, 58.24Bq.m-2, and 67.99 Bq.m-2 for sheep, beef and chicken respectively. The highest alpha emission rate observed in chicken samples and the lowest rate of alpha emitters observed in sheep samples, and the optimum etching time of CN-85 when its used to detect the natural alpha particles is 40 mints.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Alpha Rates Emitted from Animal Bones Using CN-85 Nuclear Track Detector
AU  - Yasser Ayad Kadhim
AU  - Nada Farhan Kadhim
AU  - Nadhim Khaleel Ibrahim
Y1  - 2019/08/28
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12
T2  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
JO  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
SP  - 7
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190301.12
AB  - The aim of this study is to calculate the alpha rates emitted from some parts of animal which are not consumed (bones samples) and re-enter the human food chain as bone meal in various fodder products, or as fertilizers. This is performed by count the alpha tracks emitted from the natural radioactive nuclei (pb-210, po-210, Ra-226) of three common animals bones (beef, sheep, and chicken) by exposed the CN-85 detector to some grams of the samples filled in clear plastic cup (cup technique). The detectors were exposed to the samples for 60 days and then etched by water bath with 2.5N (NaOH) solution at 60°C. The results showed that the mean alpha emission rates of the samples were 50.85 Bq.m-2, 58.24Bq.m-2, and 67.99 Bq.m-2 for sheep, beef and chicken respectively. The highest alpha emission rate observed in chicken samples and the lowest rate of alpha emitters observed in sheep samples, and the optimum etching time of CN-85 when its used to detect the natural alpha particles is 40 mints.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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