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Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment

Received: Aug. 29, 2018    Accepted: Sep. 30, 2018    Published: Nov. 09, 2018
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Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) and the toxic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in fruit samples of commonly consumed in Turaba District, (Saudi Arabia). Samples were digested by microwave assisted reaction system using (3:1) HNO3:H2O2 mixture. The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Studied samples includes bananas (Musa acuminata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), guava (Psidium guajava), grapes (Vitis spp), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), mangos (Mangifera indica), cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum). The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The recovery (%) was found to be between 91.6–103.4%. It was found that Ca (~14.79 mg/kg), Mg (~10.46 mg/kg), Na (~6.327 mg/kg), K (~166.33 mg/kg) and Zn (2.85 mg/kg) were predominant among the major elements, while, Cr (~0.001 mg/kg), Cu (~0.147 mg/kg), Fe (~0.104 mg/kg) and Mn (~0.010 mg/kg) were comparable. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Al, As and Pb) were mostly below LOD and they may not develop any health problems, while Co and Ni were not detected in all studied fruit samples. Moreover, the estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits that permitted by Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This is results is also confirmed by the estimated daily dietary elements intake (EDDEI) values. This indicate that, fruit types of commonly consumed in Turaba District and other parts in Saudi Arabia may not rises any health risk to consumers. Student's t-test, ANOVA test at 95% confidence interval and Microsoft excel were employed to estimate the significance of values obtained.

DOI 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
Published in Science, Technology & Public Policy ( Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018 )
Page(s) 26-37
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Toxic Heavy Metals, Fruits, Estimated Daily Intake, Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer, Saudi Arabia

References
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Cite This Article
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    Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem, Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali, Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid, Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. (2018). Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Science, Technology & Public Policy, 2(2), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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    Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem; Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud; Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali; Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid; Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Sci. Technol. Public Policy 2018, 2(2), 26-37. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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    AMA Style

    Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem, Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali, Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid, Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Sci Technol Public Policy. 2018;2(2):26-37. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12,
      author = {Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem and Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud and Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali and Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid and Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi and Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh},
      title = {Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment},
      journal = {Science, Technology & Public Policy},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {26-37},
      doi = {10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.stpp.20180202.12},
      abstract = {This study was carried out to determine the essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) and the toxic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in fruit samples of commonly consumed in Turaba District, (Saudi Arabia). Samples were digested by microwave assisted reaction system using (3:1) HNO3:H2O2 mixture. The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Studied samples includes bananas (Musa acuminata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), guava (Psidium guajava), grapes (Vitis spp), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), mangos (Mangifera indica), cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum). The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The recovery (%) was found to be between 91.6–103.4%. It was found that Ca (~14.79 mg/kg), Mg (~10.46 mg/kg), Na (~6.327 mg/kg), K (~166.33 mg/kg) and Zn (2.85 mg/kg) were predominant among the major elements, while, Cr (~0.001 mg/kg), Cu (~0.147 mg/kg), Fe (~0.104 mg/kg) and Mn (~0.010 mg/kg) were comparable. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Al, As and Pb) were mostly below LOD and they may not develop any health problems, while Co and Ni were not detected in all studied fruit samples. Moreover, the estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits that permitted by Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This is results is also confirmed by the estimated daily dietary elements intake (EDDEI) values. This indicate that, fruit types of commonly consumed in Turaba District and other parts in Saudi Arabia may not rises any health risk to consumers. Student's t-test, ANOVA test at 95% confidence interval and Microsoft excel were employed to estimate the significance of values obtained.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment
    AU  - Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem
    AU  - Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud
    AU  - Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali
    AU  - Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid
    AU  - Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi
    AU  - Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh
    Y1  - 2018/11/09
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
    T2  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
    JF  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
    JO  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
    SP  - 26
    EP  - 37
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-4621
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
    AB  - This study was carried out to determine the essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) and the toxic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in fruit samples of commonly consumed in Turaba District, (Saudi Arabia). Samples were digested by microwave assisted reaction system using (3:1) HNO3:H2O2 mixture. The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Studied samples includes bananas (Musa acuminata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), guava (Psidium guajava), grapes (Vitis spp), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), mangos (Mangifera indica), cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum). The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The recovery (%) was found to be between 91.6–103.4%. It was found that Ca (~14.79 mg/kg), Mg (~10.46 mg/kg), Na (~6.327 mg/kg), K (~166.33 mg/kg) and Zn (2.85 mg/kg) were predominant among the major elements, while, Cr (~0.001 mg/kg), Cu (~0.147 mg/kg), Fe (~0.104 mg/kg) and Mn (~0.010 mg/kg) were comparable. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Al, As and Pb) were mostly below LOD and they may not develop any health problems, while Co and Ni were not detected in all studied fruit samples. Moreover, the estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits that permitted by Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This is results is also confirmed by the estimated daily dietary elements intake (EDDEI) values. This indicate that, fruit types of commonly consumed in Turaba District and other parts in Saudi Arabia may not rises any health risk to consumers. Student's t-test, ANOVA test at 95% confidence interval and Microsoft excel were employed to estimate the significance of values obtained.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Helwan, Egypt

  • Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

  • Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan

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