Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Fei Lin; Haizhen Lin; Junmu Ke; Jingling Liu; Xin Bai; Denglong Chen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Fei Lin, Haizhen Lin, Junmu Ke, Jingling Liu, Xin Bai, Denglong Chen

Published in Composite Materials (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 25 October 2019 Accepted: 15 November 2019 Published: 22 November 2019

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

A novel phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant polyols (FRPE) was synthesized from condensation reaction with adipic acid (AA), ethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), maleic acid (MA), 9, 10-dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐ 10‐oxide (DOPO) and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) as raw materials. The structure of FRPE was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR)，thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). FRPE was used as a flame retardant in the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The effects of FRPE on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of TPU were investigated. The another aim of this study is an investigation of the effect of different oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphorus-based flame retardants on the thermal and flame retardant properties of TPU. Three different oxidation states of phosphorus (triphenylphosphite (TPPI) (+3), triphenylphosphate (TPP) (+5), and FRPE (+1)), with different thermal stabilities at a constant phosphorus content (0.8 wt%) have been utilized. Thermal and flame retardant properties were evaluated by TGA and cone calorimetry test (CCT), respectively. the surface morphology of char residue after CCT was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). the flame-retardant mechanism of these three flame retardant were investigation by FTIR-TG. The result show that the flame retardant properties of TPU composites were significantly improved, and the flame retardant mechanism of different oxidation state phosphorus flame retardants are presented.

Published in	Composite Materials (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12
Page(s)	43-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Polyol, Thermoplastic Polyurethane, Flame Retardant, Combustion, Pyrolysis

References

[1]	"Phosphorus and Nitrogen-Containing Polyols: Synergistic Effect on the Thermal Property and Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Composites." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55.41 (2016): 10813-10822.
[2]	J. Hu, F. Zhang, Self-assembled fabrication and flame-retardant properties of reduced graphene oxide/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 118 (2014) 1561–1568.
[3]	A. L. Higginbotham, J. R. Lomeda, A. B. Morgan, J. M. Tour, Graphite oxide flameretardant polymer nanocomposites, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1 (2009) 2256–2261.
[4]	D. K. Chattopadhyay, D. C. Webster, Thermal stability and flame retardancy of polyurethanes, Prog. Polym. Sci. 34 (2009) 1068–1133.
[5]	Tai, C. M, and R. K. Y. Li. "Studies on the impact fracture behaviour of flame retardant polymeric material." Materials & Design 22.1 (2001): 15-19.
[6]	Dong, Quanxiao, et al. "Synergistic effect of DOPO immobilized silica nanoparticles in the intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites (pages 732–739)." Polymers for Advanced Technologies24.8 (2013): 732-739.
[7]	Park, Jong Min, J. Y. Lee, and H. P. Yun. "Eco-friendly flame retardant poly (butylene terephthalate) copolymers with thermal stability and hydrolytic resistance." Macromolecular Research 18.6 (2010): 539-544.
[8]	S. Y. Lu, I. Hamerton, Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers, Prog. Polym. Sci. 27 (2002) 1661–1712.
[9]	I. van der Veen, J. de Boer, Phosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis, Chemosphere 88 (2012) 1119–1153.
[10]	A. J. Papa, Reactive flame retardants for polyurethane foams, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 9 (1970) 478–496.
[11]	Q. Tai, R. K. K. Yuen, L. Song, Y. Hu, A novel polymeric flame retardant and exfoliated clay nanocomposites: preparation and properties, Chem. Eng. J. 183 (2012) 542–549.
[12]	H. B. Zhao, Y. Z. Wang, Design and synthesis of PET-based copolyesters with flameretardant and antidripping performance, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 38 (2017) 1700451.
[13]	Wang, C. S., and M. C. Lee. "Synthesis and properties of epoxy resins containing 2- (6-oxid-6H-dibenz (c, e) (1, 2) oxaphosphorin-6-yl) 1, 4-benzenediol (II)." Polymer 41.10 (2000): 3631-3638.
[14]	WANG, et al. "Synthesis and properties of epoxy resins containing 2- (6-oxid-6H-dibenzoxaphosphorin-6-yl) 1, 4- benzenediol." Polymer 39.23 (1998): 5819-5826.
[15]	M. J. Chen, C. R. Chen, Y. etal. Tan, Inherently flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam with low content of phosphorus-containing cross-linking agent, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (3) (2014) 1160–1171.
[16]	Sl Wu K Cao, Sl Qiu Y, Z Yao Li, et al., Synthesis of N-alkoxy hindered amine containing silane as a multifunctional flame retardant synergist and its application in intumescent flame retardant polypropylene, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (1) (2013) 309–317.
[17]	L. Chen, L. Song, P. Lv, et al., A new intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen: preparation, thermal properties and application to UV curable coating, Prog. Org. Coat. 70 (1) (2011) 59–66.
[18]	F. Gao, L. F. Tong, Z. P. Fang, et al., Effect of a novel phosphorous-nitrogen containing intumescent flame retardant on the fire retardancy and the thermal behaviour of poly (butylene terephthalate), Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 91 (6) (2006) 1295–1299.
[19]	Wang, Xin, et al. "Synthesis and characterization of a DOPO-substitued organophosphorus oligomer and its application in flame retardant epoxy resins." Progress in Organic Coatings 71.1 (2011): 72-82.
[20]	Mariappan, Thirumal, et al. "Influence of oxidation state of phosphorus on the thermal and flammability of polyurea and epoxy resin." European Polymer Journal 49.10 (2013): 3171-3180.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Fei Lin, Haizhen Lin, Junmu Ke, Jingling Liu, Xin Bai, et al. (2019). Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Composite Materials, 3(2), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Fei Lin; Haizhen Lin; Junmu Ke; Jingling Liu; Xin Bai, et al. Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Compos. Mater. 2019, 3(2), 43-53. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Fei Lin, Haizhen Lin, Junmu Ke, Jingling Liu, Xin Bai, et al. Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Compos Mater. 2019;3(2):43-53. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12,
  author = {Fei Lin and Haizhen Lin and Junmu Ke and Jingling Liu and Xin Bai and Denglong Chen},
  title = {Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20190302.12},
  abstract = {A novel phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant polyols (FRPE) was synthesized from condensation reaction with adipic acid (AA), ethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), maleic acid (MA), 9, 10-dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐ 10‐oxide (DOPO) and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) as raw materials. The structure of FRPE was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR)，thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). FRPE was used as a flame retardant in the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The effects of FRPE on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of TPU were investigated. The another aim of this study is an investigation of the effect of different oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphorus-based flame retardants on the thermal and flame retardant properties of TPU. Three different oxidation states of phosphorus (triphenylphosphite (TPPI) (+3), triphenylphosphate (TPP) (+5), and FRPE (+1)), with different thermal stabilities at a constant phosphorus content (0.8 wt%) have been utilized. Thermal and flame retardant properties were evaluated by TGA and cone calorimetry test (CCT), respectively. the surface morphology of char residue after CCT was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). the flame-retardant mechanism of these three flame retardant were investigation by FTIR-TG. The result show that the flame retardant properties of TPU composites were significantly improved, and the flame retardant mechanism of different oxidation state phosphorus flame retardants are presented.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane
AU  - Fei Lin
AU  - Haizhen Lin
AU  - Junmu Ke
AU  - Jingling Liu
AU  - Xin Bai
AU  - Denglong Chen
Y1  - 2019/11/22
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12
T2  - Composite Materials
JF  - Composite Materials
JO  - Composite Materials
SP  - 43
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7103
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12
AB  - A novel phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant polyols (FRPE) was synthesized from condensation reaction with adipic acid (AA), ethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), maleic acid (MA), 9, 10-dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐ 10‐oxide (DOPO) and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) as raw materials. The structure of FRPE was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR)，thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). FRPE was used as a flame retardant in the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The effects of FRPE on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of TPU were investigated. The another aim of this study is an investigation of the effect of different oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphorus-based flame retardants on the thermal and flame retardant properties of TPU. Three different oxidation states of phosphorus (triphenylphosphite (TPPI) (+3), triphenylphosphate (TPP) (+5), and FRPE (+1)), with different thermal stabilities at a constant phosphorus content (0.8 wt%) have been utilized. Thermal and flame retardant properties were evaluated by TGA and cone calorimetry test (CCT), respectively. the surface morphology of char residue after CCT was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). the flame-retardant mechanism of these three flame retardant were investigation by FTIR-TG. The result show that the flame retardant properties of TPU composites were significantly improved, and the flame retardant mechanism of different oxidation state phosphorus flame retardants are presented.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Fei Lin

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
Haizhen Lin

Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, China; Fujian Environmental Friendly Polymer Material Innovation Center, Quanzhou, China
Junmu Ke

Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, China; Fujian Environmental Friendly Polymer Material Innovation Center, Quanzhou, China
Jingling Liu

Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, China; Fujian Environmental Friendly Polymer Material Innovation Center, Quanzhou, China
Xin Bai

Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, China; Fujian Environmental Friendly Polymer Material Innovation Center, Quanzhou, China
Denglong Chen

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, China; Fujian Environmental Friendly Polymer Material Innovation Center, Quanzhou, China

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Fei Lin, Haizhen Lin, Junmu Ke, Jingling Liu, Xin Bai, et al. (2019). Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Composite Materials, 3(2), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Fei Lin; Haizhen Lin; Junmu Ke; Jingling Liu; Xin Bai, et al. Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Compos. Mater. 2019, 3(2), 43-53. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Fei Lin, Haizhen Lin, Junmu Ke, Jingling Liu, Xin Bai, et al. Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Compos Mater. 2019;3(2):43-53. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12,
  author = {Fei Lin and Haizhen Lin and Junmu Ke and Jingling Liu and Xin Bai and Denglong Chen},
  title = {Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20190302.12},
  abstract = {A novel phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant polyols (FRPE) was synthesized from condensation reaction with adipic acid (AA), ethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), maleic acid (MA), 9, 10-dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐ 10‐oxide (DOPO) and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) as raw materials. The structure of FRPE was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR)，thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). FRPE was used as a flame retardant in the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The effects of FRPE on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of TPU were investigated. The another aim of this study is an investigation of the effect of different oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphorus-based flame retardants on the thermal and flame retardant properties of TPU. Three different oxidation states of phosphorus (triphenylphosphite (TPPI) (+3), triphenylphosphate (TPP) (+5), and FRPE (+1)), with different thermal stabilities at a constant phosphorus content (0.8 wt%) have been utilized. Thermal and flame retardant properties were evaluated by TGA and cone calorimetry test (CCT), respectively. the surface morphology of char residue after CCT was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). the flame-retardant mechanism of these three flame retardant were investigation by FTIR-TG. The result show that the flame retardant properties of TPU composites were significantly improved, and the flame retardant mechanism of different oxidation state phosphorus flame retardants are presented.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preparation of Reactive and Additive Flame Retardant with Different Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Thermal and Flammability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane
AU  - Fei Lin
AU  - Haizhen Lin
AU  - Junmu Ke
AU  - Jingling Liu
AU  - Xin Bai
AU  - Denglong Chen
Y1  - 2019/11/22
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12
T2  - Composite Materials
JF  - Composite Materials
JO  - Composite Materials
SP  - 43
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7103
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20190302.12
AB  - A novel phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant polyols (FRPE) was synthesized from condensation reaction with adipic acid (AA), ethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), maleic acid (MA), 9, 10-dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐ 10‐oxide (DOPO) and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) as raw materials. The structure of FRPE was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR)，thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). FRPE was used as a flame retardant in the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The effects of FRPE on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of TPU were investigated. The another aim of this study is an investigation of the effect of different oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphorus-based flame retardants on the thermal and flame retardant properties of TPU. Three different oxidation states of phosphorus (triphenylphosphite (TPPI) (+3), triphenylphosphate (TPP) (+5), and FRPE (+1)), with different thermal stabilities at a constant phosphorus content (0.8 wt%) have been utilized. Thermal and flame retardant properties were evaluated by TGA and cone calorimetry test (CCT), respectively. the surface morphology of char residue after CCT was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). the flame-retardant mechanism of these three flame retardant were investigation by FTIR-TG. The result show that the flame retardant properties of TPU composites were significantly improved, and the flame retardant mechanism of different oxidation state phosphorus flame retardants are presented.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download