Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity

Lukman Musa Adamu; Nuhu George Obaje; Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi; Umar Mohammed Umar

doi:doi:10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11

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Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity

Lukman Musa Adamu, Nuhu George Obaje, Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi, Umar Mohammed Umar

Published in Petroleum Science and Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 21 May 2020 Accepted: 4 June 2020 Published: 15 June 2020

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Abstract

The LECO and Rock–Eval pyrolysis for 7 shale and 3 coal samples, as well as, multivariate statistical analysis have been used to probe source rock characteristics, correlation between the assessed parameters (S1, S2, S3, HI, S1 + S2, OI, PI, TOC) and the impact of changes in the Tmax on the assessed parameters in the Sokoto Basin and Anambra Basin of northwestern and southeastern Nigeria respectively. The geochemical results show that 93% of the samples have TOC values greater than the minimum limit value (0.5 wt %) required to induce hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. Meanwhile, the Dukamaje and Taloka shales are found to be fair to good source rock for oil generation with slightly higher thermal maturation. The source rocks are generally immature through sub-mature to marginal mature with respect to the oil and gas window, while the potential source rocks from the Anambra Basin are generally sub-mature grading to mature within the oil window. The analyzed data were approached statistically to find some relations such as factors, and clusters concerning the examination of the source rocks. These factors were categorized into type of organic matter and organic richness, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potency. In addendum, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two groups. The source rocks characterized by HI >240 (mg/g), TOC from 58.89 to 66.43 wt%, S1 from 2.01 to 2.54 (mg/g) and S2 from 148.94 to 162.52 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II and type III and are capable of generating oil and gas. Followed by the Source rocks characterized by HI <240 (mg/g), TOC from 0.94 to 6.68 wt%, S1 from 0.14 to 0.72 (mg/g) and S2 from 0.14 to 3.36 (mg/g) indicating poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas. Howeverr, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between TOC and S1, S2 and HI and no correlation between TOC and Tmax, highly negative correlation between TOC and OI and no correlation between Tmax and HI.

Published in	Petroleum Science and Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11
Page(s)	39-50
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anambra Basin, LECO, Multivariate Statistical, Rock–Eval Pyrolysis, Sokoto Basin

References

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Lukman Musa Adamu, Nuhu George Obaje, Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi, Umar Mohammed Umar. (2020). Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity. Petroleum Science and Engineering, 4(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11

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Lukman Musa Adamu; Nuhu George Obaje; Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi; Umar Mohammed Umar. Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2020, 4(2), 39-50. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11

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AMA Style

Lukman Musa Adamu, Nuhu George Obaje, Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi, Umar Mohammed Umar. Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity. Pet Sci Eng. 2020;4(2):39-50. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11,
  author = {Lukman Musa Adamu and Nuhu George Obaje and Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi and Umar Mohammed Umar},
  title = {Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity},
  journal = {Petroleum Science and Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pse.20200402.11},
  abstract = {The LECO and Rock–Eval pyrolysis for 7 shale and 3 coal samples, as well as, multivariate statistical analysis have been used to probe source rock characteristics, correlation between the assessed parameters (S1, S2, S3, HI, S1 + S2, OI, PI, TOC) and the impact of changes in the Tmax on the assessed parameters in the Sokoto Basin and Anambra Basin of northwestern and southeastern Nigeria respectively. The geochemical results show that 93% of the samples have TOC values greater than the minimum limit value (0.5 wt %) required to induce hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. Meanwhile, the Dukamaje and Taloka shales are found to be fair to good source rock for oil generation with slightly higher thermal maturation. The source rocks are generally immature through sub-mature to marginal mature with respect to the oil and gas window, while the potential source rocks from the Anambra Basin are generally sub-mature grading to mature within the oil window. The analyzed data were approached statistically to find some relations such as factors, and clusters concerning the examination of the source rocks. These factors were categorized into type of organic matter and organic richness, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potency. In addendum, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two groups. The source rocks characterized by HI >240 (mg/g), TOC from 58.89 to 66.43 wt%, S1 from 2.01 to 2.54 (mg/g) and S2 from 148.94 to 162.52 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II and type III and are capable of generating oil and gas. Followed by the Source rocks characterized by HI <240 (mg/g), TOC from 0.94 to 6.68 wt%, S1 from 0.14 to 0.72 (mg/g) and S2 from 0.14 to 3.36 (mg/g) indicating poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas. Howeverr, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between TOC and S1, S2 and HI and no correlation between TOC and Tmax, highly negative correlation between TOC and OI and no correlation between Tmax and HI.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity
AU  - Lukman Musa Adamu
AU  - Nuhu George Obaje
AU  - Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi
AU  - Umar Mohammed Umar
Y1  - 2020/06/15
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11
T2  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
JF  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
JO  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
SP  - 39
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4516
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11
AB  - The LECO and Rock–Eval pyrolysis for 7 shale and 3 coal samples, as well as, multivariate statistical analysis have been used to probe source rock characteristics, correlation between the assessed parameters (S1, S2, S3, HI, S1 + S2, OI, PI, TOC) and the impact of changes in the Tmax on the assessed parameters in the Sokoto Basin and Anambra Basin of northwestern and southeastern Nigeria respectively. The geochemical results show that 93% of the samples have TOC values greater than the minimum limit value (0.5 wt %) required to induce hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. Meanwhile, the Dukamaje and Taloka shales are found to be fair to good source rock for oil generation with slightly higher thermal maturation. The source rocks are generally immature through sub-mature to marginal mature with respect to the oil and gas window, while the potential source rocks from the Anambra Basin are generally sub-mature grading to mature within the oil window. The analyzed data were approached statistically to find some relations such as factors, and clusters concerning the examination of the source rocks. These factors were categorized into type of organic matter and organic richness, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potency. In addendum, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two groups. The source rocks characterized by HI >240 (mg/g), TOC from 58.89 to 66.43 wt%, S1 from 2.01 to 2.54 (mg/g) and S2 from 148.94 to 162.52 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II and type III and are capable of generating oil and gas. Followed by the Source rocks characterized by HI <240 (mg/g), TOC from 0.94 to 6.68 wt%, S1 from 0.14 to 0.72 (mg/g) and S2 from 0.14 to 3.36 (mg/g) indicating poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas. Howeverr, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between TOC and S1, S2 and HI and no correlation between TOC and Tmax, highly negative correlation between TOC and OI and no correlation between Tmax and HI.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Lukman Musa Adamu

Department of Earth Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
Nuhu George Obaje

Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Chair in Basinal Studies, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi

Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Umar Mohammed Umar

Department of Geology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

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Lukman Musa Adamu, Nuhu George Obaje, Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi, Umar Mohammed Umar. (2020). Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity. Petroleum Science and Engineering, 4(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11

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Lukman Musa Adamu; Nuhu George Obaje; Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi; Umar Mohammed Umar. Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2020, 4(2), 39-50. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11

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AMA Style

Lukman Musa Adamu, Nuhu George Obaje, Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi, Umar Mohammed Umar. Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity. Pet Sci Eng. 2020;4(2):39-50. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11,
  author = {Lukman Musa Adamu and Nuhu George Obaje and Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi and Umar Mohammed Umar},
  title = {Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity},
  journal = {Petroleum Science and Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pse.20200402.11},
  abstract = {The LECO and Rock–Eval pyrolysis for 7 shale and 3 coal samples, as well as, multivariate statistical analysis have been used to probe source rock characteristics, correlation between the assessed parameters (S1, S2, S3, HI, S1 + S2, OI, PI, TOC) and the impact of changes in the Tmax on the assessed parameters in the Sokoto Basin and Anambra Basin of northwestern and southeastern Nigeria respectively. The geochemical results show that 93% of the samples have TOC values greater than the minimum limit value (0.5 wt %) required to induce hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. Meanwhile, the Dukamaje and Taloka shales are found to be fair to good source rock for oil generation with slightly higher thermal maturation. The source rocks are generally immature through sub-mature to marginal mature with respect to the oil and gas window, while the potential source rocks from the Anambra Basin are generally sub-mature grading to mature within the oil window. The analyzed data were approached statistically to find some relations such as factors, and clusters concerning the examination of the source rocks. These factors were categorized into type of organic matter and organic richness, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potency. In addendum, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two groups. The source rocks characterized by HI >240 (mg/g), TOC from 58.89 to 66.43 wt%, S1 from 2.01 to 2.54 (mg/g) and S2 from 148.94 to 162.52 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II and type III and are capable of generating oil and gas. Followed by the Source rocks characterized by HI <240 (mg/g), TOC from 0.94 to 6.68 wt%, S1 from 0.14 to 0.72 (mg/g) and S2 from 0.14 to 3.36 (mg/g) indicating poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas. Howeverr, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between TOC and S1, S2 and HI and no correlation between TOC and Tmax, highly negative correlation between TOC and OI and no correlation between Tmax and HI.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity
AU  - Lukman Musa Adamu
AU  - Nuhu George Obaje
AU  - Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi
AU  - Umar Mohammed Umar
Y1  - 2020/06/15
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11
T2  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
JF  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
JO  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
SP  - 39
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4516
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11
AB  - The LECO and Rock–Eval pyrolysis for 7 shale and 3 coal samples, as well as, multivariate statistical analysis have been used to probe source rock characteristics, correlation between the assessed parameters (S1, S2, S3, HI, S1 + S2, OI, PI, TOC) and the impact of changes in the Tmax on the assessed parameters in the Sokoto Basin and Anambra Basin of northwestern and southeastern Nigeria respectively. The geochemical results show that 93% of the samples have TOC values greater than the minimum limit value (0.5 wt %) required to induce hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. Meanwhile, the Dukamaje and Taloka shales are found to be fair to good source rock for oil generation with slightly higher thermal maturation. The source rocks are generally immature through sub-mature to marginal mature with respect to the oil and gas window, while the potential source rocks from the Anambra Basin are generally sub-mature grading to mature within the oil window. The analyzed data were approached statistically to find some relations such as factors, and clusters concerning the examination of the source rocks. These factors were categorized into type of organic matter and organic richness, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potency. In addendum, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two groups. The source rocks characterized by HI >240 (mg/g), TOC from 58.89 to 66.43 wt%, S1 from 2.01 to 2.54 (mg/g) and S2 from 148.94 to 162.52 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II and type III and are capable of generating oil and gas. Followed by the Source rocks characterized by HI <240 (mg/g), TOC from 0.94 to 6.68 wt%, S1 from 0.14 to 0.72 (mg/g) and S2 from 0.14 to 3.36 (mg/g) indicating poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas. Howeverr, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between TOC and S1, S2 and HI and no correlation between TOC and Tmax, highly negative correlation between TOC and OI and no correlation between Tmax and HI.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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