Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday; Nwangwa Eze Kingsley; Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime; Nwabueze Zuwaira; Ephraim Chukwuemeka; Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka; Nkemakonam Ezeonu; Ugoeze Francis Chinedu; Ezunu Emmanuel; Awele Nworah; Igweh John Chukwuma

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday, Nwangwa Eze Kingsley, Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime, Nwabueze Zuwaira, Ephraim Chukwuemeka, Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka, Nkemakonam Ezeonu, Ugoeze Francis Chinedu, Ezunu Emmanuel, Awele Nworah, Igweh John Chukwuma

Published in Advances in Applied Physiology (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 24 January 2022 Accepted: 13 February 2022 Published: 9 March 2022

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Abstract

Public health promotion and recommendation of physical exercise by agencies and organizations have not favourably considered isometric exercise in contrast with dynamic exercise. This reluctance has been premised on the fear that isometric exercise could be hazardous due to the striking acute increase in the blood pressure. Therefore, this study examined the acute effects of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the blood pressure and pulse rates in prehypertensives. One hundred and ninety two (n=192) middle aged (30-50years) sedentary prehypertensive subjects, were enrolled into the study. The subjects completed two bouts of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC and their blood pressure and pulse rates were measured within 5minutes and 10 minutes post-exercise. Following the completion of the study, result shows an acute (5minutes) blood pressure and pulse rate increase of 8.9mmHg, 6.96mmHg and 9.57b/min in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate respectively which was statistically significant at P<0.05. On the other hand the rise in blood pressure and pulse rates rapidly dropped to -0.91±1.73mmHg, 2.06±1.15mmHg and 5.06±2.37b/min respectively within 10 minutes post exercise which was statistically significant at P<0.05. In summary, this study has established that the blood pressure response at to isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC comprises of an immediate rise in blood pressure and pulse rate but rapidly returns to pre exercise levels within ten minutes post-exercise. The acute significant rise in the blood pressure and pulse rates following isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC requires that caution should be applied in its application in hypertensive patient’s population but the rapid decline to pre training levels could be an added advantage.

Published in	Advances in Applied Physiology (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
Page(s)	8-14
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hypertension, Prehypertension, Isometric Handgrip Exercise, Maximum Voluntary Contraction, Blood Pressure, Pulse Rates, Acute Increase

References

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[2]	www.nhlbi.nih.gov. (n.d.). The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) \| National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). [online] Available at: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/seventh-report-of-joint-national-committee-on-prevention-detection-evaluation-and-treatment-high-blood-pressure.
[3]	Brook, R. D., Appel, L. J., Rubenfire, M., Ogedegbe, G., Bisognano, J. D., Elliott, W. J., Fuchs, F. D., Hughes, J. W., Lackland, D. T., Staffileno, B. A., Townsend, R. R., Rajagopalan, S. and American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity (2013). Beyond medications and diet: alternative approaches to lowering blood pressure: a scientific statement from the american heart association. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979), [online] 61 (6), pp. 1360–83. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23608661 [Accessed 9 Feb. 2020].
[4]	Wiles J. D., Katrina T., Damian C., Rajan Sharma and Jamie M. O’Driscoll, The safety of isometric exercise: Rethinking the exercise prescription paradigm for those with stage 1 hypertension. Medicine 2018; 97: 10 (e0105).
[5]	Araujo F. S., Raphael M. R, Reginaldo L. N., Eduardo S. N. F., José F. N. M., Moreira S. R. Effects of isometric resistance training on blood pressure and physical fitness of men; Motriz, Rio Claro, 2018; 24 (2) e101803.
[6]	Mancia G., Debacker G., and Dominiczak A. Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2007; 25: 1105–1187.
[7]	Jeelani M. and Taklikar R. H. Isometric exercise and its effect on blood pressure and heart rate: a comparative study between healthy, young, and elderly males in and around Raichur city International Journal of Scientific Study, 2018; 6 (1): 12-16.
[8]	Millar, P. J., Levy, A. S., McGowan, C. L., McCartney, N., and MacDonald, M. J. Isometric handgrip training lowers blood pressure and increases heart rate complexity in medicated hypertensive patients. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 2013; 23, 620–626.
[9]	Cornelissen V. A. and Smart N. A. (2013). Exercise Training for Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2013, 2: (58) 950-958.
[10]	Inder J. D., Carlson D. J., Dieberg G., McFarlane J. R., Hess N. C. L. and Smart N. A. (2016). Isometric exercise training for blood pressure management: a systematic review and meta-analysis to optimize benefit. Hypertension Research (2016) 39, 88–94.
[11]	Wiley R. L., Dunn C. L., Cox R. H., Hueppchen N. A. and Scott M. S. (1992). Isometric exercise training lowers resting blood pressure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 24: 7. 749-754.
[12]	MacDonald JR, MacDougall JD, Hogben CD. The effects of exercising muscle mass on post exercise hypotension. J Hum Hypertens. 2000; 14 (5): 317–320.
[13]	Headley SA, Claiborne JM, Lottes CR and Korba CG (2006). Hemodynamic responses associated with post-exercise hypotension in normotensive black males. Ethnicity & Dis. 6: 190-201.
[14]	Chrysant S. G. Current Evidence on the Hemodynamic and Blood Pressure Effects of Isometric Exercise in Normotensive and Hypertensive Persons. J. Clin. Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010; 12: 721–726.
[15]	Kivowitz, C., Parmley, W. W., Donoso, R., Marcus, H., Ganz, W., and Swan, H. J. C. Effects of isometric exercise on cardiac performance. The grip test. Circulation, 1971; 44, 994.
[16]	Kearney P. M., Whelton M., Reynolds K., Muntner P., Whelton P. K., He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet; 2005, 365: 9455. 217–23.
[17]	Buck C. and Donner AP. Isometric occupational exercise and the incidence of hypertension. J Occup Med. 1985; 27: 370-372.
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[20]	Millar P. J., Bray S. F., and McGowan C. L. (2007). Effects of isometric handgrip training among people medicated for hypertension: a multilevel analysis. Blood Press Monit. 12: 307–314.
[21]	Delaney EP, Greaney JL, Edwards DG, Rose WC, Fadel PJ, Farquhar WB. Exaggerated sympathetic and pressor responses to handgrip exercise in older hypertensive humans: role of the muscle metaboreflex. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2010; 299: H1318–1327.
[22]	Chobanian A. V., Bakris G. L, Black H. R. (2013). Eighth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: JAMA 428 26: 2061-72.

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APA Style

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday, Nwangwa Eze Kingsley, Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime, Nwabueze Zuwaira, Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. (2022). Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Advances in Applied Physiology, 7(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

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ACS Style

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday; Nwangwa Eze Kingsley; Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime; Nwabueze Zuwaira; Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 2022, 7(1), 8-14. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

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AMA Style

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday, Nwangwa Eze Kingsley, Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime, Nwabueze Zuwaira, Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Adv Appl Physiol. 2022;7(1):8-14. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12,
  author = {Ogbutor Udoji Godsday and Nwangwa Eze Kingsley and Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime and Nwabueze Zuwaira and Ephraim Chukwuemeka and Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka and Nkemakonam Ezeonu and Ugoeze Francis Chinedu and Ezunu Emmanuel and Awele Nworah and Igweh John Chukwuma},
  title = {Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects},
  journal = {Advances in Applied Physiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-14},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aap.20220701.12},
  abstract = {Public health promotion and recommendation of physical exercise by agencies and organizations have not favourably considered isometric exercise in contrast with dynamic exercise. This reluctance has been premised on the fear that isometric exercise could be hazardous due to the striking acute increase in the blood pressure. Therefore, this study examined the acute effects of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the blood pressure and pulse rates in prehypertensives. One hundred and ninety two (n=192) middle aged (30-50years) sedentary prehypertensive subjects, were enrolled into the study. The subjects completed two bouts of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC and their blood pressure and pulse rates were measured within 5minutes and 10 minutes post-exercise. Following the completion of the study, result shows an acute (5minutes) blood pressure and pulse rate increase of 8.9mmHg, 6.96mmHg and 9.57b/min in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate respectively which was statistically significant at P<0.05. On the other hand the rise in blood pressure and pulse rates rapidly dropped to -0.91±1.73mmHg, 2.06±1.15mmHg and 5.06±2.37b/min respectively within 10 minutes post exercise which was statistically significant at P<0.05. In summary, this study has established that the blood pressure response at to isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC comprises of an immediate rise in blood pressure and pulse rate but rapidly returns to pre exercise levels within ten minutes post-exercise. The acute significant rise in the blood pressure and pulse rates following isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC requires that caution should be applied in its application in hypertensive patient’s population but the rapid decline to pre training levels could be an added advantage.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects
AU  - Ogbutor Udoji Godsday
AU  - Nwangwa Eze Kingsley
AU  - Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime
AU  - Nwabueze Zuwaira
AU  - Ephraim Chukwuemeka
AU  - Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka
AU  - Nkemakonam Ezeonu
AU  - Ugoeze Francis Chinedu
AU  - Ezunu Emmanuel
AU  - Awele Nworah
AU  - Igweh John Chukwuma
Y1  - 2022/03/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
T2  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JF  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JO  - Advances in Applied Physiology
SP  - 8
EP  - 14
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9714
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
AB  - Public health promotion and recommendation of physical exercise by agencies and organizations have not favourably considered isometric exercise in contrast with dynamic exercise. This reluctance has been premised on the fear that isometric exercise could be hazardous due to the striking acute increase in the blood pressure. Therefore, this study examined the acute effects of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the blood pressure and pulse rates in prehypertensives. One hundred and ninety two (n=192) middle aged (30-50years) sedentary prehypertensive subjects, were enrolled into the study. The subjects completed two bouts of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC and their blood pressure and pulse rates were measured within 5minutes and 10 minutes post-exercise. Following the completion of the study, result shows an acute (5minutes) blood pressure and pulse rate increase of 8.9mmHg, 6.96mmHg and 9.57b/min in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate respectively which was statistically significant at P<0.05. On the other hand the rise in blood pressure and pulse rates rapidly dropped to -0.91±1.73mmHg, 2.06±1.15mmHg and 5.06±2.37b/min respectively within 10 minutes post exercise which was statistically significant at P<0.05. In summary, this study has established that the blood pressure response at to isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC comprises of an immediate rise in blood pressure and pulse rate but rapidly returns to pre exercise levels within ten minutes post-exercise. The acute significant rise in the blood pressure and pulse rates following isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC requires that caution should be applied in its application in hypertensive patient’s population but the rapid decline to pre training levels could be an added advantage.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday

Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
Nwangwa Eze Kingsley

Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime

Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
Nwabueze Zuwaira

Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
Ephraim Chukwuemeka

Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka

Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Evangel University, Akaeze, Nigeria
Nkemakonam Ezeonu

Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
Ugoeze Francis Chinedu

Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
Ezunu Emmanuel

Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
Awele Nworah

Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
Igweh John Chukwuma

Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday, Nwangwa Eze Kingsley, Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime, Nwabueze Zuwaira, Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. (2022). Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Advances in Applied Physiology, 7(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

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ACS Style

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday; Nwangwa Eze Kingsley; Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime; Nwabueze Zuwaira; Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 2022, 7(1), 8-14. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

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AMA Style

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday, Nwangwa Eze Kingsley, Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime, Nwabueze Zuwaira, Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Adv Appl Physiol. 2022;7(1):8-14. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12,
  author = {Ogbutor Udoji Godsday and Nwangwa Eze Kingsley and Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime and Nwabueze Zuwaira and Ephraim Chukwuemeka and Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka and Nkemakonam Ezeonu and Ugoeze Francis Chinedu and Ezunu Emmanuel and Awele Nworah and Igweh John Chukwuma},
  title = {Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects},
  journal = {Advances in Applied Physiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-14},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aap.20220701.12},
  abstract = {Public health promotion and recommendation of physical exercise by agencies and organizations have not favourably considered isometric exercise in contrast with dynamic exercise. This reluctance has been premised on the fear that isometric exercise could be hazardous due to the striking acute increase in the blood pressure. Therefore, this study examined the acute effects of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the blood pressure and pulse rates in prehypertensives. One hundred and ninety two (n=192) middle aged (30-50years) sedentary prehypertensive subjects, were enrolled into the study. The subjects completed two bouts of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC and their blood pressure and pulse rates were measured within 5minutes and 10 minutes post-exercise. Following the completion of the study, result shows an acute (5minutes) blood pressure and pulse rate increase of 8.9mmHg, 6.96mmHg and 9.57b/min in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate respectively which was statistically significant at P<0.05. On the other hand the rise in blood pressure and pulse rates rapidly dropped to -0.91±1.73mmHg, 2.06±1.15mmHg and 5.06±2.37b/min respectively within 10 minutes post exercise which was statistically significant at P<0.05. In summary, this study has established that the blood pressure response at to isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC comprises of an immediate rise in blood pressure and pulse rate but rapidly returns to pre exercise levels within ten minutes post-exercise. The acute significant rise in the blood pressure and pulse rates following isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC requires that caution should be applied in its application in hypertensive patient’s population but the rapid decline to pre training levels could be an added advantage.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects
AU  - Ogbutor Udoji Godsday
AU  - Nwangwa Eze Kingsley
AU  - Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime
AU  - Nwabueze Zuwaira
AU  - Ephraim Chukwuemeka
AU  - Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka
AU  - Nkemakonam Ezeonu
AU  - Ugoeze Francis Chinedu
AU  - Ezunu Emmanuel
AU  - Awele Nworah
AU  - Igweh John Chukwuma
Y1  - 2022/03/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
T2  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JF  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JO  - Advances in Applied Physiology
SP  - 8
EP  - 14
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9714
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
AB  - Public health promotion and recommendation of physical exercise by agencies and organizations have not favourably considered isometric exercise in contrast with dynamic exercise. This reluctance has been premised on the fear that isometric exercise could be hazardous due to the striking acute increase in the blood pressure. Therefore, this study examined the acute effects of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the blood pressure and pulse rates in prehypertensives. One hundred and ninety two (n=192) middle aged (30-50years) sedentary prehypertensive subjects, were enrolled into the study. The subjects completed two bouts of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC and their blood pressure and pulse rates were measured within 5minutes and 10 minutes post-exercise. Following the completion of the study, result shows an acute (5minutes) blood pressure and pulse rate increase of 8.9mmHg, 6.96mmHg and 9.57b/min in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate respectively which was statistically significant at P<0.05. On the other hand the rise in blood pressure and pulse rates rapidly dropped to -0.91±1.73mmHg, 2.06±1.15mmHg and 5.06±2.37b/min respectively within 10 minutes post exercise which was statistically significant at P<0.05. In summary, this study has established that the blood pressure response at to isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC comprises of an immediate rise in blood pressure and pulse rate but rapidly returns to pre exercise levels within ten minutes post-exercise. The acute significant rise in the blood pressure and pulse rates following isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC requires that caution should be applied in its application in hypertensive patient’s population but the rapid decline to pre training levels could be an added advantage.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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