Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria

Ambrose Ekevwe; Isaac Aloba; Garba Mahdi Doka

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12

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Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria

Ambrose Ekevwe, Isaac Aloba, Garba Mahdi Doka

Published in Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 18 April 2017 Accepted: 6 May 2017 Published: 27 June 2017

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Abstract

The paper gave result findings for organic pollutants in onion plants cultivated along the bank of River Jakara Kano State. Samples of onions were purchased and harvested in farms cultivated in the banks of the aforementioned Rivers. Samples of onions were treated and analyzed in National Research and Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) Laboratory Zaria, Nigeria. Onion root samples analyzed has six (6) groups of organic pollutantsdetected with various percentage values. They include alkane (decane 10.6%, undecane 9.2%, dimethyl undecane, 2.3%, trimethyldecane 2.2%); alkyne (octadecyne, 1.9%); arene (aromadendrene, 2.3%); alkanol (phytol, 1.0%); fatty acid (hexadecanoic acid, 1.34%, linolenic acid, 1.7%); organosulphur (diphenyl cyclo propyl phenyl sulphoxide, 3.1%). While the onion control samples (collected from river Watari without activity) analyzed, gave one group of organic pollutants that is alkane group, they include docane (9.0%, 20.1%), methyl docane (9.2%, 12.8%), dodecane (4.0%, 8.6%), trimethylundecane (10.4%, 2.6%), octacosane (2.5%, 1.4%) and hexadecane (0.7%, 1.7%). The result of this study indicates that all the samples collected, examined and analyzed for onions (with exception of control samples) have percentage (%) values greater than threshold level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), which is unsafe for human consumption.

Published in	Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12
Page(s)	41-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Organic, Pollutant, Threshold

References

[1]	Abdulmajeed O. L and Abdulraham A. A (2011): Analysis of Heavy Metals Found in Vegetable from some Cultivated Irrigated Gardens in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology. Vol 3(6) pp. 142-148.
[2]	Akan J.C., Abdulrahman, F.I. Tijani M. and Chellube, Z. (2011): Determination of Pesticides in Extra Virgin and Emir Olive Oil obtained from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno state. Conference proceedings of 34^th international conference workshop and exhibition of chemical society tagged ‘Kwara2011’. Pp. 630-635.
[3]	A. O. A. C., (2014):Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis14^th edition Washington D.C.
[4]	Baker, H. G.,(2010): Plant and Civilization.3^rd edition. Wadsworth Publishing Company Inc. California.pp.86.
[5]	Claeys, A. and Salma, T. (2011): Determination of pesiticide residue in Fruit of Nawabshah District, Sindh, Pakistan, Pak. J. Bot 43 (2):1133-1139.
[6]	Gushit A., Bente P. and Muazu H. (2003): Monitoring of herbicide residues and other organic pollutants in River Benue.Unpublished M.Sc thesis submitted to Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
[7]	Jayashree, R and N. Vasudevan (2007): Effect of Poisioning Caused by the Pesticides in Northern Ghana. Int J. Environ. Sci Tech. 4(20).203-210.
[8]	Labunska I., Stringer R., Santillo D. and Stephenson A.(1998): Identification and Environmental significant of organic pollutants found in industrial wastewater and river sediments associated with Dow Quimica Company, Guaruja, SP, Brazil. Greepeace Research Laboratory. Pp. 1-9, Access at http://archive.greenpeace.org/toxic/reports/rhone.pdf.
[9]	Oliver –Bever, B (2014): Medicinal Plants in Tropical West Africa. Cambridge, pp. 123-125.
[10]	Sofowora, A. (1993): Medicinal plant in and Traditional Medicine in Africa. John Wiley and Sons limited. Chinchester, pp.135-153.
[11]	Timothy, O and Idu, M., (2014): Preliminary phytochemical and in vitro anti-microbial properties of acqueous and methanolextracts of olive leaf. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants. 1(3). 184-188.
[12]	World Health Organization (2003): The value of plant used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environmental Health Perspectives 109:69-75.

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APA Style

Ambrose Ekevwe, Isaac Aloba, Garba Mahdi Doka. (2017). Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria. Advances in Biochemistry, 5(3), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12

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ACS Style

Ambrose Ekevwe; Isaac Aloba; Garba Mahdi Doka. Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria. Adv. Biochem. 2017, 5(3), 41-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12

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AMA Style

Ambrose Ekevwe, Isaac Aloba, Garba Mahdi Doka. Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria. Adv Biochem. 2017;5(3):41-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12,
  author = {Ambrose Ekevwe and Isaac Aloba and Garba Mahdi Doka},
  title = {Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria},
  journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20170503.12},
  abstract = {The paper gave result findings for organic pollutants in onion plants cultivated along the bank of River Jakara Kano State. Samples of onions were purchased and harvested in farms cultivated in the banks of the aforementioned Rivers. Samples of onions were treated and analyzed in National Research and Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) Laboratory Zaria, Nigeria. Onion root samples analyzed has six (6) groups of organic pollutantsdetected with various percentage values. They include alkane (decane 10.6%, undecane 9.2%, dimethyl undecane, 2.3%, trimethyldecane 2.2%); alkyne (octadecyne, 1.9%); arene (aromadendrene, 2.3%); alkanol (phytol, 1.0%); fatty acid (hexadecanoic acid, 1.34%, linolenic acid, 1.7%); organosulphur (diphenyl cyclo propyl phenyl sulphoxide, 3.1%). While the onion control samples (collected from river Watari without activity) analyzed, gave one group of organic pollutants that is alkane group, they include docane (9.0%, 20.1%), methyl docane (9.2%, 12.8%), dodecane (4.0%, 8.6%), trimethylundecane (10.4%, 2.6%), octacosane (2.5%, 1.4%) and hexadecane (0.7%, 1.7%). The result of this study indicates that all the samples collected, examined and analyzed for onions (with exception of control samples) have percentage (%) values greater than threshold level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), which is unsafe for human consumption.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria
AU  - Ambrose Ekevwe
AU  - Isaac Aloba
AU  - Garba Mahdi Doka
Y1  - 2017/06/27
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12
T2  - Advances in Biochemistry
JF  - Advances in Biochemistry
JO  - Advances in Biochemistry
SP  - 41
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0862
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12
AB  - The paper gave result findings for organic pollutants in onion plants cultivated along the bank of River Jakara Kano State. Samples of onions were purchased and harvested in farms cultivated in the banks of the aforementioned Rivers. Samples of onions were treated and analyzed in National Research and Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) Laboratory Zaria, Nigeria. Onion root samples analyzed has six (6) groups of organic pollutantsdetected with various percentage values. They include alkane (decane 10.6%, undecane 9.2%, dimethyl undecane, 2.3%, trimethyldecane 2.2%); alkyne (octadecyne, 1.9%); arene (aromadendrene, 2.3%); alkanol (phytol, 1.0%); fatty acid (hexadecanoic acid, 1.34%, linolenic acid, 1.7%); organosulphur (diphenyl cyclo propyl phenyl sulphoxide, 3.1%). While the onion control samples (collected from river Watari without activity) analyzed, gave one group of organic pollutants that is alkane group, they include docane (9.0%, 20.1%), methyl docane (9.2%, 12.8%), dodecane (4.0%, 8.6%), trimethylundecane (10.4%, 2.6%), octacosane (2.5%, 1.4%) and hexadecane (0.7%, 1.7%). The result of this study indicates that all the samples collected, examined and analyzed for onions (with exception of control samples) have percentage (%) values greater than threshold level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), which is unsafe for human consumption.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ambrose Ekevwe

Department of Chemistry, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, Kano State, Nigeria
Isaac Aloba

Department of Chemistry, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, Kano State, Nigeria
Garba Mahdi Doka

Department of Chemistry, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, Kano State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ambrose Ekevwe, Isaac Aloba, Garba Mahdi Doka. (2017). Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria. Advances in Biochemistry, 5(3), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12

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ACS Style

Ambrose Ekevwe; Isaac Aloba; Garba Mahdi Doka. Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria. Adv. Biochem. 2017, 5(3), 41-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12

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AMA Style

Ambrose Ekevwe, Isaac Aloba, Garba Mahdi Doka. Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria. Adv Biochem. 2017;5(3):41-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12,
  author = {Ambrose Ekevwe and Isaac Aloba and Garba Mahdi Doka},
  title = {Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria},
  journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20170503.12},
  abstract = {The paper gave result findings for organic pollutants in onion plants cultivated along the bank of River Jakara Kano State. Samples of onions were purchased and harvested in farms cultivated in the banks of the aforementioned Rivers. Samples of onions were treated and analyzed in National Research and Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) Laboratory Zaria, Nigeria. Onion root samples analyzed has six (6) groups of organic pollutantsdetected with various percentage values. They include alkane (decane 10.6%, undecane 9.2%, dimethyl undecane, 2.3%, trimethyldecane 2.2%); alkyne (octadecyne, 1.9%); arene (aromadendrene, 2.3%); alkanol (phytol, 1.0%); fatty acid (hexadecanoic acid, 1.34%, linolenic acid, 1.7%); organosulphur (diphenyl cyclo propyl phenyl sulphoxide, 3.1%). While the onion control samples (collected from river Watari without activity) analyzed, gave one group of organic pollutants that is alkane group, they include docane (9.0%, 20.1%), methyl docane (9.2%, 12.8%), dodecane (4.0%, 8.6%), trimethylundecane (10.4%, 2.6%), octacosane (2.5%, 1.4%) and hexadecane (0.7%, 1.7%). The result of this study indicates that all the samples collected, examined and analyzed for onions (with exception of control samples) have percentage (%) values greater than threshold level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), which is unsafe for human consumption.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Proximate Evaluation of Organic Pollutants in Onion Plants Cultivated Along the Bank of River Jakara Kano State of Nigeria
AU  - Ambrose Ekevwe
AU  - Isaac Aloba
AU  - Garba Mahdi Doka
Y1  - 2017/06/27
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12
T2  - Advances in Biochemistry
JF  - Advances in Biochemistry
JO  - Advances in Biochemistry
SP  - 41
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0862
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170503.12
AB  - The paper gave result findings for organic pollutants in onion plants cultivated along the bank of River Jakara Kano State. Samples of onions were purchased and harvested in farms cultivated in the banks of the aforementioned Rivers. Samples of onions were treated and analyzed in National Research and Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) Laboratory Zaria, Nigeria. Onion root samples analyzed has six (6) groups of organic pollutantsdetected with various percentage values. They include alkane (decane 10.6%, undecane 9.2%, dimethyl undecane, 2.3%, trimethyldecane 2.2%); alkyne (octadecyne, 1.9%); arene (aromadendrene, 2.3%); alkanol (phytol, 1.0%); fatty acid (hexadecanoic acid, 1.34%, linolenic acid, 1.7%); organosulphur (diphenyl cyclo propyl phenyl sulphoxide, 3.1%). While the onion control samples (collected from river Watari without activity) analyzed, gave one group of organic pollutants that is alkane group, they include docane (9.0%, 20.1%), methyl docane (9.2%, 12.8%), dodecane (4.0%, 8.6%), trimethylundecane (10.4%, 2.6%), octacosane (2.5%, 1.4%) and hexadecane (0.7%, 1.7%). The result of this study indicates that all the samples collected, examined and analyzed for onions (with exception of control samples) have percentage (%) values greater than threshold level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), which is unsafe for human consumption.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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