Background: Malaria is a tropical disease that continues to have devastating impact on the health and livelihood of people around the world. The good number of new cases and most malaria-related deaths occur in the sub-Saharan African countries especially among children under the age of 5. Most malaria diagnostic methods are invasive and the use of non-invasive alternatives could be of great help in the control of the disease. The use of saliva-based diagnosis has been documented in recent studies. However, long-term storage of saliva also requires a cold chain, which is challenging in poor countries. Current tools to conserve saliva at room temperature are not affordable (~$16/kit) for malaria endemic countries. Methods: In this cross-sectional study including 83 febrile participants in the Obala district hospital, Cameroon, we evaluated the effectiveness of a cheaper homemade kit for stabilizing Plasmodium DNA in saliva at room temperature relative to the OMNIgene®ORAL kit, for the molecular diagnosis of malaria. Results: Of the 83 participants aged between 2 to 77 years included in the study, 24% were males and 76% females. The frequency of malaria in this study was 78.31% (65/83) using microscopy. Saliva PCR-f1 and PCR-S0 detected 59 (71.08%) and 56 (67.47%) positive malaria samples respectively. Using microscopy as gold standard, the sensitivities of PCR-S0 and PCR-f1 were 100% while the specificities were 80%, and 85%, respectively. These parameters remained unchanged after 12 months of storage of saliva samples at room temperature. Conclusion: PCR-f1 had a “very good” agreement (kappa 0.81) with microscopy compared to PCR-S0 (kappa 0.64). We obtained similar results after 12 months of storage of saliva samples at room temperature. Homemade kit could be effective in transportation, preservation and diagnosis of malaria parasite in saliva.
| Published in | Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 10, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12 |
| Page(s) | 47-51 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Non-invasive, Saliva, DNA, Plasmodium, Malaria, Homemade Kit
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APA Style
Palmer Masumbe Netongo, Eric Berenger Tchoupe, Séverin Donald Kamdem, Jean-Paul Chedjou, Wilfred Fon Mbacham. (2022). Evaluation of a Homemade Saliva Kit for the Stabilization of Plasmodium DNA at Room Temperature. Advances in Biochemistry, 10(2), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12
ACS Style
Palmer Masumbe Netongo; Eric Berenger Tchoupe; Séverin Donald Kamdem; Jean-Paul Chedjou; Wilfred Fon Mbacham. Evaluation of a Homemade Saliva Kit for the Stabilization of Plasmodium DNA at Room Temperature. Adv. Biochem. 2022, 10(2), 47-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12
AMA Style
Palmer Masumbe Netongo, Eric Berenger Tchoupe, Séverin Donald Kamdem, Jean-Paul Chedjou, Wilfred Fon Mbacham. Evaluation of a Homemade Saliva Kit for the Stabilization of Plasmodium DNA at Room Temperature. Adv Biochem. 2022;10(2):47-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12,
author = {Palmer Masumbe Netongo and Eric Berenger Tchoupe and Séverin Donald Kamdem and Jean-Paul Chedjou and Wilfred Fon Mbacham},
title = {Evaluation of a Homemade Saliva Kit for the Stabilization of Plasmodium DNA at Room Temperature},
journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {47-51},
doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20221002.12},
abstract = {Background: Malaria is a tropical disease that continues to have devastating impact on the health and livelihood of people around the world. The good number of new cases and most malaria-related deaths occur in the sub-Saharan African countries especially among children under the age of 5. Most malaria diagnostic methods are invasive and the use of non-invasive alternatives could be of great help in the control of the disease. The use of saliva-based diagnosis has been documented in recent studies. However, long-term storage of saliva also requires a cold chain, which is challenging in poor countries. Current tools to conserve saliva at room temperature are not affordable (~$16/kit) for malaria endemic countries. Methods: In this cross-sectional study including 83 febrile participants in the Obala district hospital, Cameroon, we evaluated the effectiveness of a cheaper homemade kit for stabilizing Plasmodium DNA in saliva at room temperature relative to the OMNIgene®ORAL kit, for the molecular diagnosis of malaria. Results: Of the 83 participants aged between 2 to 77 years included in the study, 24% were males and 76% females. The frequency of malaria in this study was 78.31% (65/83) using microscopy. Saliva PCR-f1 and PCR-S0 detected 59 (71.08%) and 56 (67.47%) positive malaria samples respectively. Using microscopy as gold standard, the sensitivities of PCR-S0 and PCR-f1 were 100% while the specificities were 80%, and 85%, respectively. These parameters remained unchanged after 12 months of storage of saliva samples at room temperature. Conclusion: PCR-f1 had a “very good” agreement (kappa 0.81) with microscopy compared to PCR-S0 (kappa 0.64). We obtained similar results after 12 months of storage of saliva samples at room temperature. Homemade kit could be effective in transportation, preservation and diagnosis of malaria parasite in saliva.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Homemade Saliva Kit for the Stabilization of Plasmodium DNA at Room Temperature AU - Palmer Masumbe Netongo AU - Eric Berenger Tchoupe AU - Séverin Donald Kamdem AU - Jean-Paul Chedjou AU - Wilfred Fon Mbacham Y1 - 2022/04/28 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12 T2 - Advances in Biochemistry JF - Advances in Biochemistry JO - Advances in Biochemistry SP - 47 EP - 51 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2329-0862 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20221002.12 AB - Background: Malaria is a tropical disease that continues to have devastating impact on the health and livelihood of people around the world. The good number of new cases and most malaria-related deaths occur in the sub-Saharan African countries especially among children under the age of 5. Most malaria diagnostic methods are invasive and the use of non-invasive alternatives could be of great help in the control of the disease. The use of saliva-based diagnosis has been documented in recent studies. However, long-term storage of saliva also requires a cold chain, which is challenging in poor countries. Current tools to conserve saliva at room temperature are not affordable (~$16/kit) for malaria endemic countries. Methods: In this cross-sectional study including 83 febrile participants in the Obala district hospital, Cameroon, we evaluated the effectiveness of a cheaper homemade kit for stabilizing Plasmodium DNA in saliva at room temperature relative to the OMNIgene®ORAL kit, for the molecular diagnosis of malaria. Results: Of the 83 participants aged between 2 to 77 years included in the study, 24% were males and 76% females. The frequency of malaria in this study was 78.31% (65/83) using microscopy. Saliva PCR-f1 and PCR-S0 detected 59 (71.08%) and 56 (67.47%) positive malaria samples respectively. Using microscopy as gold standard, the sensitivities of PCR-S0 and PCR-f1 were 100% while the specificities were 80%, and 85%, respectively. These parameters remained unchanged after 12 months of storage of saliva samples at room temperature. Conclusion: PCR-f1 had a “very good” agreement (kappa 0.81) with microscopy compared to PCR-S0 (kappa 0.64). We obtained similar results after 12 months of storage of saliva samples at room temperature. Homemade kit could be effective in transportation, preservation and diagnosis of malaria parasite in saliva. VL - 10 IS - 2 ER -
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