Study the Native Vegetation around the <i>Al Hosh</i> Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection

Altaeb Mohammed; Xu Wennian; Xia Zhenyao; Stacy L. Hutchinson

doi:doi:10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11

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Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection

Altaeb Mohammed, Xu Wennian, Xia Zhenyao, Stacy L. Hutchinson

Published in Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 2 May 2017 Accepted: 16 May 2017 Published: 27 June 2017

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Abstract

Soil erosion occurs due to rainfall intensity and soil movement had become one of the disasters faced by Al Hosh highway today. And the carelessness (Where there is no any type of protection) it has also caused occur the soil erosion due unprotected embankment side slope of the Al Hosh highway, which affect widely of the loss of human lives according to traffic accidents, the destruction of cars and large vehicles. Although the area is usually categorized as eroded area because of high rainfall intensity during the autumn season time, the Middle East states of the Sudan as Gezira state is known by the heavy rainfall. As stabilization of slopes using mechanical structures is costly to establish and maintain, biotechnical slope protection is an alternative which is more aesthetically pleasing and cost effective. Hence, in this research, an overall study on the positive impacts of the presence of native vegetation for the slope stability were studied in the Al Hosh embankment side slope. Trying to use native vegetation as the local grasses to restore the Al Hosh highway slope as a new bio-engineering method in Sudan. This paper explores the review the native vegetation and its ability to use it in protecting Al Hosh slope erosion with different slope angles by identification, categorization and studying of the salient features of them according to the soil classification for relevant slope by using both Unified Soil Classification System and US Department of Agriculture. This research recommends suitable native vegetation against soil erosion and subsequent slope failures in cut slopes.

Published in	Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11
Page(s)	32-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Slope Stability, Native Vegetation Slope, Erosion Control, Ecological Protection, Bio-technical Techniques, Rainfall Intensity, Geotechnical Properties, Soil Fertility

References

[1]	Website, Surface and Slope Protective Measures. Watershed management field manual, FAO Corporation Repository, http://www.fao.org/documents/en/, 9 pages.
[2]	Michael. Jim, Janet. Using Vegetation for Erosion Control on Construction Sites. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets, at http://osufacts.okstate.edu, 4 pages.
[3]	Government website. Sudan Seasonal Monitor Evaluations report 2012. SUDAN METEOROLOGICAL AUTHORITY, http://www.tamsat.org.uk/bulletins/2012_SudanSeasonalEvaluationReport.pdf, 51pags.
[4]	Chris Phillips, 2005, Erosion and Sediment Control Using New Zealand Native Plants – What Do We Know? Erosion Control Seminar – Sept 11-13 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu, 17 pages.
[5]	Coppin NJ 2007, Richards IR 1990. Use of vegetation in civil engineering. CIRIA, Butterworths, London, Electronic Book, London. https://www.grad.unizg.hr, 52 pages.
[6]	BRAJA M. DAS, (2002), Soil Mechanics Laboratory Manual, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press. Book.
[7]	Fangqing, Jinxia, Miao, Jianzhu 2015, Effect of Cynodon dactylon community on the conservation and reinforcement of riparian shallow soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Springer open, a journal of Ecological Processes, www.ecologicalprocesses.springeropen.com, 31 January.
[8]	Dr Paul Truong 2014, Veticon Consulting and Brisbane, Australia. VETIVER SYSTEM FOR INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION. www.vetiver.org, 14 pages.
[9]	G. Singh, T.R. Rathod 2001 Plant growth, biomass production and soil water dynamics in a shifting dune of Indian desert. Elsevier journal of Forest Ecology and Management, www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco. 12 pages.
[10]	Striga (plant), website of Documents for the sustainable development of Africa for NGO use. https://www.doc-developpement-durable.org, 7 pages.
[11]	BRAJA M. DAS, (2011), Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI. Seventh Edition, Thomson Brooks.
[12]	Paul Rita 2012, Cynodon dactylon- paper. An Updated Overview on Cynodon dactylon. Review Article. Review Article, International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, http://www.ijrap.net, 4 pages.
[13]	G. Singh, and T. R. Rathod 2002, Plant growth, biomass production and soil water dynamics in a shifting dune of Indian desert.
[14]	Grady Booch 1994. Vetiver Grass System: Potential Applications for Soil and Water Conservation in Northern California –paper, 9 pages. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/index;jsessionid - 2nd Edition, the Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.

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APA Style

Altaeb Mohammed, Xu Wennian, Xia Zhenyao, Stacy L. Hutchinson. (2017). Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 5(3), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11

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ACS Style

Altaeb Mohammed; Xu Wennian; Xia Zhenyao; Stacy L. Hutchinson. Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection. Adv. BioSci. Bioeng. 2017, 5(3), 32-41. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11

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AMA Style

Altaeb Mohammed, Xu Wennian, Xia Zhenyao, Stacy L. Hutchinson. Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection. Adv BioSci Bioeng. 2017;5(3):32-41. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11

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@article{10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11,
  author = {Altaeb Mohammed and Xu Wennian and Xia Zhenyao and Stacy L. Hutchinson},
  title = {Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection},
  journal = {Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {32-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.abb.20170503.11},
  abstract = {Soil erosion occurs due to rainfall intensity and soil movement had become one of the disasters faced by Al Hosh highway today. And the carelessness (Where there is no any type of protection) it has also caused occur the soil erosion due unprotected embankment side slope of the Al Hosh highway, which affect widely of the loss of human lives according to traffic accidents, the destruction of cars and large vehicles. Although the area is usually categorized as eroded area because of high rainfall intensity during the autumn season time, the Middle East states of the Sudan as Gezira state is known by the heavy rainfall. As stabilization of slopes using mechanical structures is costly to establish and maintain, biotechnical slope protection is an alternative which is more aesthetically pleasing and cost effective. Hence, in this research, an overall study on the positive impacts of the presence of native vegetation for the slope stability were studied in the Al Hosh embankment side slope. Trying to use native vegetation as the local grasses to restore the Al Hosh highway slope as a new bio-engineering method in Sudan. This paper explores the review the native vegetation and its ability to use it in protecting Al Hosh slope erosion with different slope angles by identification, categorization and studying of the salient features of them according to the soil classification for relevant slope by using both Unified Soil Classification System and US Department of Agriculture. This research recommends suitable native vegetation against soil erosion and subsequent slope failures in cut slopes.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection
AU  - Altaeb Mohammed
AU  - Xu Wennian
AU  - Xia Zhenyao
AU  - Stacy L. Hutchinson
Y1  - 2017/06/27
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11
T2  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 32
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11
AB  - Soil erosion occurs due to rainfall intensity and soil movement had become one of the disasters faced by Al Hosh highway today. And the carelessness (Where there is no any type of protection) it has also caused occur the soil erosion due unprotected embankment side slope of the Al Hosh highway, which affect widely of the loss of human lives according to traffic accidents, the destruction of cars and large vehicles. Although the area is usually categorized as eroded area because of high rainfall intensity during the autumn season time, the Middle East states of the Sudan as Gezira state is known by the heavy rainfall. As stabilization of slopes using mechanical structures is costly to establish and maintain, biotechnical slope protection is an alternative which is more aesthetically pleasing and cost effective. Hence, in this research, an overall study on the positive impacts of the presence of native vegetation for the slope stability were studied in the Al Hosh embankment side slope. Trying to use native vegetation as the local grasses to restore the Al Hosh highway slope as a new bio-engineering method in Sudan. This paper explores the review the native vegetation and its ability to use it in protecting Al Hosh slope erosion with different slope angles by identification, categorization and studying of the salient features of them according to the soil classification for relevant slope by using both Unified Soil Classification System and US Department of Agriculture. This research recommends suitable native vegetation against soil erosion and subsequent slope failures in cut slopes.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Altaeb Mohammed

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Xu Wennian

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Xia Zhenyao

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Stacy L. Hutchinson

College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA

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APA Style

Altaeb Mohammed, Xu Wennian, Xia Zhenyao, Stacy L. Hutchinson. (2017). Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 5(3), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11

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ACS Style

Altaeb Mohammed; Xu Wennian; Xia Zhenyao; Stacy L. Hutchinson. Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection. Adv. BioSci. Bioeng. 2017, 5(3), 32-41. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11

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AMA Style

Altaeb Mohammed, Xu Wennian, Xia Zhenyao, Stacy L. Hutchinson. Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection. Adv BioSci Bioeng. 2017;5(3):32-41. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11,
  author = {Altaeb Mohammed and Xu Wennian and Xia Zhenyao and Stacy L. Hutchinson},
  title = {Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection},
  journal = {Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {32-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.abb.20170503.11},
  abstract = {Soil erosion occurs due to rainfall intensity and soil movement had become one of the disasters faced by Al Hosh highway today. And the carelessness (Where there is no any type of protection) it has also caused occur the soil erosion due unprotected embankment side slope of the Al Hosh highway, which affect widely of the loss of human lives according to traffic accidents, the destruction of cars and large vehicles. Although the area is usually categorized as eroded area because of high rainfall intensity during the autumn season time, the Middle East states of the Sudan as Gezira state is known by the heavy rainfall. As stabilization of slopes using mechanical structures is costly to establish and maintain, biotechnical slope protection is an alternative which is more aesthetically pleasing and cost effective. Hence, in this research, an overall study on the positive impacts of the presence of native vegetation for the slope stability were studied in the Al Hosh embankment side slope. Trying to use native vegetation as the local grasses to restore the Al Hosh highway slope as a new bio-engineering method in Sudan. This paper explores the review the native vegetation and its ability to use it in protecting Al Hosh slope erosion with different slope angles by identification, categorization and studying of the salient features of them according to the soil classification for relevant slope by using both Unified Soil Classification System and US Department of Agriculture. This research recommends suitable native vegetation against soil erosion and subsequent slope failures in cut slopes.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study the Native Vegetation around the Al Hosh Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection
AU  - Altaeb Mohammed
AU  - Xu Wennian
AU  - Xia Zhenyao
AU  - Stacy L. Hutchinson
Y1  - 2017/06/27
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11
T2  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 32
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11
AB  - Soil erosion occurs due to rainfall intensity and soil movement had become one of the disasters faced by Al Hosh highway today. And the carelessness (Where there is no any type of protection) it has also caused occur the soil erosion due unprotected embankment side slope of the Al Hosh highway, which affect widely of the loss of human lives according to traffic accidents, the destruction of cars and large vehicles. Although the area is usually categorized as eroded area because of high rainfall intensity during the autumn season time, the Middle East states of the Sudan as Gezira state is known by the heavy rainfall. As stabilization of slopes using mechanical structures is costly to establish and maintain, biotechnical slope protection is an alternative which is more aesthetically pleasing and cost effective. Hence, in this research, an overall study on the positive impacts of the presence of native vegetation for the slope stability were studied in the Al Hosh embankment side slope. Trying to use native vegetation as the local grasses to restore the Al Hosh highway slope as a new bio-engineering method in Sudan. This paper explores the review the native vegetation and its ability to use it in protecting Al Hosh slope erosion with different slope angles by identification, categorization and studying of the salient features of them according to the soil classification for relevant slope by using both Unified Soil Classification System and US Department of Agriculture. This research recommends suitable native vegetation against soil erosion and subsequent slope failures in cut slopes.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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