Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends

Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri; Salah Al Arni

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23

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Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends

Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Salah Al Arni

Published in Applied Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 9 October 2019 Accepted: 28 October 2019 Published: 31 October 2019

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Abstract

Drinking water is beginning to be a rare resource in several regions and both uses of water and wastewater outlet are of main environmental and economic significance in several nations. This work discusses dares, restrictions, and trends for water reuse (WR). WR so far constitutes a vital water supply in several regions. Reuse is largely expanding in the US, Australia, Europe, and different countries. Its potential is largely unexploited; nevertheless, because of some handicaps, comprising a deficiency of policy from governments and the public’s opposition to resolved indirect potable reuse. WR must not be considered as just the remedy and reuse of wastewater effluents. On the contrary, a larger concept, comprising the reclamation and reuse of brackish groundwater, usage of stormwater and agriculture return flows, and desalination of the oceans, must be adopted. Despite the acquired advances in WR technologies and applications, great efforts remain to be accomplished to generalize WR implementations throughout the world. More attention should be accorded to the public acceptance of WR in terms of drinking water usage via ensuring highly treated wastewater especially in terms of bacteriological qualities. WR development would decrease the desalination tendency that is largely viewed until now as an ultimatum solution for water shortage knowing that it is relatively less expensive.

Published in	Applied Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23
Page(s)	159-170
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Reuse (WR), Wastewater Treatment, Potable Water, Operation and Maintenance (O&M), Nanofiltration (NF), Reverse Osmosis (RO)

References

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Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Salah Al Arni. (2019). Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends. Applied Engineering, 3(2), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23

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Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri; Salah Al Arni. Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends. Appl. Eng. 2019, 3(2), 159-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23

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Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Salah Al Arni. Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends. Appl Eng. 2019;3(2):159-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23

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@article{10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23,
  author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Noureddine Elboughdiri and Salah Al Arni},
  title = {Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends},
  journal = {Applied Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159-170},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ae.20190302.23},
  abstract = {Drinking water is beginning to be a rare resource in several regions and both uses of water and wastewater outlet are of main environmental and economic significance in several nations. This work discusses dares, restrictions, and trends for water reuse (WR). WR so far constitutes a vital water supply in several regions. Reuse is largely expanding in the US, Australia, Europe, and different countries. Its potential is largely unexploited; nevertheless, because of some handicaps, comprising a deficiency of policy from governments and the public’s opposition to resolved indirect potable reuse. WR must not be considered as just the remedy and reuse of wastewater effluents. On the contrary, a larger concept, comprising the reclamation and reuse of brackish groundwater, usage of stormwater and agriculture return flows, and desalination of the oceans, must be adopted. Despite the acquired advances in WR technologies and applications, great efforts remain to be accomplished to generalize WR implementations throughout the world. More attention should be accorded to the public acceptance of WR in terms of drinking water usage via ensuring highly treated wastewater especially in terms of bacteriological qualities. WR development would decrease the desalination tendency that is largely viewed until now as an ultimatum solution for water shortage knowing that it is relatively less expensive.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends
AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
AU  - Noureddine Elboughdiri
AU  - Salah Al Arni
Y1  - 2019/10/31
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23
DO  - 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23
T2  - Applied Engineering
JF  - Applied Engineering
JO  - Applied Engineering
SP  - 159
EP  - 170
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7456
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23
AB  - Drinking water is beginning to be a rare resource in several regions and both uses of water and wastewater outlet are of main environmental and economic significance in several nations. This work discusses dares, restrictions, and trends for water reuse (WR). WR so far constitutes a vital water supply in several regions. Reuse is largely expanding in the US, Australia, Europe, and different countries. Its potential is largely unexploited; nevertheless, because of some handicaps, comprising a deficiency of policy from governments and the public’s opposition to resolved indirect potable reuse. WR must not be considered as just the remedy and reuse of wastewater effluents. On the contrary, a larger concept, comprising the reclamation and reuse of brackish groundwater, usage of stormwater and agriculture return flows, and desalination of the oceans, must be adopted. Despite the acquired advances in WR technologies and applications, great efforts remain to be accomplished to generalize WR implementations throughout the world. More attention should be accorded to the public acceptance of WR in terms of drinking water usage via ensuring highly treated wastewater especially in terms of bacteriological qualities. WR development would decrease the desalination tendency that is largely viewed until now as an ultimatum solution for water shortage knowing that it is relatively less expensive.
VL  - 3
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Author Information

Djamel Ghernaout

Chemical Engineering Department, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Noureddine Elboughdiri

Chemical Engineering Department, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Salah Al Arni

Chemical Engineering Department, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

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Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Salah Al Arni. (2019). Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends. Applied Engineering, 3(2), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23

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Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri; Salah Al Arni. Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends. Appl. Eng. 2019, 3(2), 159-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23

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AMA Style

Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Salah Al Arni. Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends. Appl Eng. 2019;3(2):159-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23

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@article{10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23,
  author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Noureddine Elboughdiri and Salah Al Arni},
  title = {Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends},
  journal = {Applied Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159-170},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ae.20190302.23},
  abstract = {Drinking water is beginning to be a rare resource in several regions and both uses of water and wastewater outlet are of main environmental and economic significance in several nations. This work discusses dares, restrictions, and trends for water reuse (WR). WR so far constitutes a vital water supply in several regions. Reuse is largely expanding in the US, Australia, Europe, and different countries. Its potential is largely unexploited; nevertheless, because of some handicaps, comprising a deficiency of policy from governments and the public’s opposition to resolved indirect potable reuse. WR must not be considered as just the remedy and reuse of wastewater effluents. On the contrary, a larger concept, comprising the reclamation and reuse of brackish groundwater, usage of stormwater and agriculture return flows, and desalination of the oceans, must be adopted. Despite the acquired advances in WR technologies and applications, great efforts remain to be accomplished to generalize WR implementations throughout the world. More attention should be accorded to the public acceptance of WR in terms of drinking water usage via ensuring highly treated wastewater especially in terms of bacteriological qualities. WR development would decrease the desalination tendency that is largely viewed until now as an ultimatum solution for water shortage knowing that it is relatively less expensive.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Water Reuse (WR): Dares, Restrictions, and Trends
AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
AU  - Noureddine Elboughdiri
AU  - Salah Al Arni
Y1  - 2019/10/31
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23
DO  - 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23
T2  - Applied Engineering
JF  - Applied Engineering
JO  - Applied Engineering
SP  - 159
EP  - 170
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7456
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.23
AB  - Drinking water is beginning to be a rare resource in several regions and both uses of water and wastewater outlet are of main environmental and economic significance in several nations. This work discusses dares, restrictions, and trends for water reuse (WR). WR so far constitutes a vital water supply in several regions. Reuse is largely expanding in the US, Australia, Europe, and different countries. Its potential is largely unexploited; nevertheless, because of some handicaps, comprising a deficiency of policy from governments and the public’s opposition to resolved indirect potable reuse. WR must not be considered as just the remedy and reuse of wastewater effluents. On the contrary, a larger concept, comprising the reclamation and reuse of brackish groundwater, usage of stormwater and agriculture return flows, and desalination of the oceans, must be adopted. Despite the acquired advances in WR technologies and applications, great efforts remain to be accomplished to generalize WR implementations throughout the world. More attention should be accorded to the public acceptance of WR in terms of drinking water usage via ensuring highly treated wastewater especially in terms of bacteriological qualities. WR development would decrease the desalination tendency that is largely viewed until now as an ultimatum solution for water shortage knowing that it is relatively less expensive.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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