How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals

Tahir Mehmood; Aiman Mukhtar; Babar Shahzad Khan; Wu Kaiming

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals

Tahir Mehmood, Aiman Mukhtar, Babar Shahzad Khan, Wu Kaiming

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 5)

Received: 13 October 2016 Published: 13 October 2016

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Abstract

To understand the mechanism for formation of fcc-cobalt nanowires in electrodeposition, we have systematically studied the effect of deposition potential, pH, and deposition temperature on the formation of fcc Co nanowires by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Co nanowires deposited at the potential of -1.6V are pure hcp phase. When increasing the value of potential to -2.0V, there are hcp Co and fcc Co crystals in the deposited nanowires. The fraction of fcc Co crystals in the nanowires increases with increasing the potential value. At -3.0V, the nanowires are pure fcc Co. The pH of the solution has little effect on formation of fcc Co nanowires. We have also seen that high concentration and low temperature favors fcc phase whereas low concentration and high temperature favors hcp phase. However, at 35°C the co-occurrence of hcp and fcc phases were also observed. These experimental results can be explained by the classical electrochemical nucleation theory. The formation of fcc Co crystals can be attributed to smaller critical clusters formed at a higher potential value since the smaller critical clusters favor formation of fcc nuclei.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16
Page(s)	192-200
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nanostructure, Electrodeposition, Fcc Cobalt, Crystal Growth

References

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APA Style

Tahir Mehmood, Aiman Mukhtar, Babar Shahzad Khan, Wu Kaiming. (2016). How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(5), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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ACS Style

Tahir Mehmood; Aiman Mukhtar; Babar Shahzad Khan; Wu Kaiming. How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(5), 192-200. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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AMA Style

Tahir Mehmood, Aiman Mukhtar, Babar Shahzad Khan, Wu Kaiming. How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(5):192-200. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16,
  author = {Tahir Mehmood and Aiman Mukhtar and Babar Shahzad Khan and Wu Kaiming},
  title = {How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {192-200},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160405.16},
  abstract = {To understand the mechanism for formation of fcc-cobalt nanowires in electrodeposition, we have systematically studied the effect of deposition potential, pH, and deposition temperature on the formation of fcc Co nanowires by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Co nanowires deposited at the potential of -1.6V are pure hcp phase. When increasing the value of potential to -2.0V, there are hcp Co and fcc Co crystals in the deposited nanowires. The fraction of fcc Co crystals in the nanowires increases with increasing the potential value. At -3.0V, the nanowires are pure fcc Co. The pH of the solution has little effect on formation of fcc Co nanowires. We have also seen that high concentration and low temperature favors fcc phase whereas low concentration and high temperature favors hcp phase. However, at 35°C the co-occurrence of hcp and fcc phases were also observed. These experimental results can be explained by the classical electrochemical nucleation theory. The formation of fcc Co crystals can be attributed to smaller critical clusters formed at a higher potential value since the smaller critical clusters favor formation of fcc nuclei.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals
AU - Tahir Mehmood
AU - Aiman Mukhtar
AU - Babar Shahzad Khan
AU - Wu Kaiming
Y1 - 2016/10/13
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16
T2 - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP - 192
EP - 200
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8745
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16
AB - To understand the mechanism for formation of fcc-cobalt nanowires in electrodeposition, we have systematically studied the effect of deposition potential, pH, and deposition temperature on the formation of fcc Co nanowires by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Co nanowires deposited at the potential of -1.6V are pure hcp phase. When increasing the value of potential to -2.0V, there are hcp Co and fcc Co crystals in the deposited nanowires. The fraction of fcc Co crystals in the nanowires increases with increasing the potential value. At -3.0V, the nanowires are pure fcc Co. The pH of the solution has little effect on formation of fcc Co nanowires. We have also seen that high concentration and low temperature favors fcc phase whereas low concentration and high temperature favors hcp phase. However, at 35°C the co-occurrence of hcp and fcc phases were also observed. These experimental results can be explained by the classical electrochemical nucleation theory. The formation of fcc Co crystals can be attributed to smaller critical clusters formed at a higher potential value since the smaller critical clusters favor formation of fcc nuclei.
VL - 4
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Tahir Mehmood

The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
Aiman Mukhtar

The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
Babar Shahzad Khan

Department of Physics, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
Wu Kaiming

The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tahir Mehmood, Aiman Mukhtar, Babar Shahzad Khan, Wu Kaiming. (2016). How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(5), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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ACS Style

Tahir Mehmood; Aiman Mukhtar; Babar Shahzad Khan; Wu Kaiming. How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(5), 192-200. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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AMA Style

Tahir Mehmood, Aiman Mukhtar, Babar Shahzad Khan, Wu Kaiming. How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(5):192-200. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16,
  author = {Tahir Mehmood and Aiman Mukhtar and Babar Shahzad Khan and Wu Kaiming},
  title = {How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {192-200},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160405.16},
  abstract = {To understand the mechanism for formation of fcc-cobalt nanowires in electrodeposition, we have systematically studied the effect of deposition potential, pH, and deposition temperature on the formation of fcc Co nanowires by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Co nanowires deposited at the potential of -1.6V are pure hcp phase. When increasing the value of potential to -2.0V, there are hcp Co and fcc Co crystals in the deposited nanowires. The fraction of fcc Co crystals in the nanowires increases with increasing the potential value. At -3.0V, the nanowires are pure fcc Co. The pH of the solution has little effect on formation of fcc Co nanowires. We have also seen that high concentration and low temperature favors fcc phase whereas low concentration and high temperature favors hcp phase. However, at 35°C the co-occurrence of hcp and fcc phases were also observed. These experimental results can be explained by the classical electrochemical nucleation theory. The formation of fcc Co crystals can be attributed to smaller critical clusters formed at a higher potential value since the smaller critical clusters favor formation of fcc nuclei.},
 year = {2016}
}

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