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Research Article
The Crinum amabile’s Aerial Organs Fatty Acids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Study of Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Rabeharitsara Andry Tahina*
,
Rabezanahary Nilaina Finaritra Marie Angela,
Raobijaona Baholy,
Ratsimba Marie Hanitriniaina,
Randriana Nambinina Richard Fortuné,
Rakotomamonjy Pierre,
Rabearisoa Rija Solotiana
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
112-134
Received:
29 October 2024
Accepted:
22 November 2024
Published:
12 December 2024
Abstract: The Crinum amabile is a plant whose alkaloids medicinal virtues are well discussed in bibliographies. However, specific studigges on the molecules present in the aerial organs of Crinum amabile, as well as their virtues as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory are still few and far between. This led us to undertake studies to determine and quantify the fatty acid molecules, then the steroid molecules, then to determine the flavonoid molecules in the various organs systems of the Crinum amabile and also to determine their alkaloids quantities. The method used to extract the various molecules present in the different organs of the Crinum amabile is the esterification with citric acid molecules to get citric acid ester solutions of their bioactive molecules. The fatty acid molecules were extracted by soxhlet using hexane and identified by Phase Gas Chromatography; so, the fatty acid molecules present in the various organs of Crinum amabile are myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidic acids whose antioxidant with anti-inflammatory chemical properties are very interesting. HPLC was used for steroids and flavonoids quantifications after transesterification and extraction of the active molecules in citric acid esters from the various aerial organs of the Crinum amabile. The analysis showed that the various aerial organs or organ systems of the Crinum amabile contained flavonoids and steroids that are respectively eriocitrin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isorhoifolin, rhoifolin and betulinic acid, ursolic acid, betuline, lupeol whose antioxidant with anti-inflammatory chemical properties are also very interesting. These different bioactive molecules extracted into citric acid ester solutions of the various organs or organ systems of the Crinum amabile were subjected to dpph antioxidant test and NO scavenging anti-inflammatory test and the results were very promising, given that the organ system « anther-stamen fillet-pistil-perianth had the most effective IC50 for both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, followed by organ system « stem-receptacle-leaf » and finally the organ « petal ». In addition, kinetic studies were carried out during the esterification reactions with citric acid of the various Crinum amabile organs, making it possible to deduce their kinetic constants and subsequently to show the effect of the rigidity of their structures and porosities on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities at the level of their citric acid ester solutions. Determination of alkene content in the various Crinum amabile organ system stock solutions used in the anti-inflammatory tests confirmed and reported their effective role as carriers of reactive and bioactive molecules.
Abstract: The Crinum amabile is a plant whose alkaloids medicinal virtues are well discussed in bibliographies. However, specific studigges on the molecules present in the aerial organs of Crinum amabile, as well as their virtues as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory are still few and far between. This led us to undertake studies to determine and quantify the...
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Research Article
Investigation on the Properties of Methyl 4-(((1-H benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) methyl)thio)methyl)Benzoate on Aluminum Corrosion in Acidic Environment
Rokia Hadja Toure,
Aphouet Aurelie Koffi*,
Mougo Andre Tigori,
Paulin Marius Niamien
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
135-148
Received:
6 November 2024
Accepted:
19 November 2024
Published:
12 December 2024
Abstract: Organic inhibitors are crucial for preserving metals from corrosion in acidic environments. In this regard, the methyl 4-(((1-H benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)thio)methyl)benzoate (M-41HBI-2MTMB) was synthesized and investigated as an eco-friendly inhibitor for aluminum in a molar nitric acid solution (1 M HNO3). The gravimetric technique was used to study the inhibitory properties of the molecule, and the density functional theory (DFT) was conducted to elucidate the corrosion inhibition mechanism. The experimental data indicated that M-41HBI-2MTMB reduced the corrosion of the metal with a significant inhibition efficiency. The corrosion inhibition increased with an increase in the concentration of the molecule, reaching an efficiency of 98.5% at a concentration of 5.10-3 M, and a temperature of 298 K. Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic parameters were studied to elucidate the interactions between M-41HBI-2MTMB and the metal surface. The inhibitor adsorbed spontaneously onto the aluminum surface following the Villamil model (modified Langmuir isotherm). Additionally, the Gibbs free energy less than - 40 kJ.mol-1 and the negative value of the enthalpy of adsorption suggested mixed-type adsorption with a predominance of physical interactions. The theoretical findings of DFT calculations revealed a positive fraction of electrons transferred (ΔN = 0.247 eV), a high value of the electrophilicity index (ω = 3.807 eV) as well as a low energy gap (ΔE = 4.478 eV) showing favorable interactions of M-41HBI-2MTMB with its environment. The active sites of the molecule were highlighted at the level of carbon atoms, and a corrosion inhibition mechanism was proposed.
Abstract: Organic inhibitors are crucial for preserving metals from corrosion in acidic environments. In this regard, the methyl 4-(((1-H benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)thio)methyl)benzoate (M-41HBI-2MTMB) was synthesized and investigated as an eco-friendly inhibitor for aluminum in a molar nitric acid solution (1 M HNO3). The gravimetric technique was used to...
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Research Article
Simple Use of Low-cost and Available Adsorbent for Cationic Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
149-157
Received:
17 November 2024
Accepted:
29 November 2024
Published:
16 December 2024
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on local agricultural waste in the batch process. The adsorbent, washed rice husk (WRH) was subjected to some physical and chemical analyses such as EDX/SEM, FT-IR, XRD and XRF. The adsorbent showed an amorphous structure and dominated by silica in its composition. The influence of adsorption parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration was studied. The mass of washed rice husk (WRH) varied at 1 to 6 g, the initial concentrations MB (50-250 mg/L) and the contact time (10-90 min). The MB removal percentage reached 86% with a WRH amount of 4.5 g and an optimal time of 30 min. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to process the adsorption data. Qmax, the maximum adsorption capacity of MB from Langmuir’ model was 13.23 mg.g-1. The values of the RL constant varying between 0-1 for the initial concentrations studied proved that the adsorption is favorable. The value of the parameter n being less than 1obeys the condition of heterogeneity. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were used to study the kinetic adsorption process. The kinetic parameters calculated from each model showed that the adsorption of MB on the WRH could be describe by the pseudo-second order.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on local agricultural waste in the batch process. The adsorbent, washed rice husk (WRH) was subjected to some physical and chemical analyses such as EDX/SEM, FT-IR, XRD and XRF. The adsorbent showed an amorphous structure and dominated by silica in its composition. The influenc...
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Research Article
Quality and Chlorine Demand of Private Raw Borehole Water in the City of Kara, Togo
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
158-172
Received:
18 November 2024
Accepted:
19 December 2024
Published:
27 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajac.20241206.14
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Abstract: The reliance on borehole water necessitates a thorough understanding of its quality. Due to water shortage, many households in the city of Kara use water from boreholes directly supplied untreated in the dry and wet seasons. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the chlorine demand of raw water from private boreholes and perform a spatiotemporal evaluation of the water quality in the city of Kara, Togo. Two sampling campaigns spread over dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons in April and August 2023, were carried out to capture seasonal and spatial differences across various boreholes (n=32) in the study area. The physicochemical parameters and germ indicators of fecal contamination were assessed via the standardized method (AFNOR) and WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (GDWQ). The correlation matrix analysis revealed a complex effect from the dissolution of local rocks (amphibolites, pyroxenites, etc.) and anthropogenic activities. Water was noncompliant concerning faecal contamination in 84.3% of the cases in the dry season (DS) and 96.37% of the cases in the rainy season (RS). The color, TH, TAC, turbidity, FeT, nitrate ion, and electrical conductivity values for some boreholes were outside the GDWQ values. Boreholes F8, F9, and F25 have very high Larson corrosion index (LR>1.2). The chlorine demand varies according to the season, ranging from 0.25 to 6.0 mg/L in DS and from 0.25 to 2.45 mg/L in RS. Regular monitoring is needed to ensure safe drinking water from boreholes in Kara.
Abstract: The reliance on borehole water necessitates a thorough understanding of its quality. Due to water shortage, many households in the city of Kara use water from boreholes directly supplied untreated in the dry and wet seasons. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the chlorine demand of raw water from private boreholes and perform a spatiotempora...
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Research Article
Assessment of Indoor PM2.5 Concentration and Its Metal Compounds in Select Residential Dwellings in Antananarivo and Mahajanga Cities, Madagascar
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
173-183
Received:
5 December 2024
Accepted:
17 December 2024
Published:
30 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajac.20241206.15
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Abstract: Indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for human health, especially in urban areas where people spend most of their time indoors. In cities like Antananarivo and Mahajanga, Madagascar, various factors contribute to poor IAQ, posing significant health risks. A total of 26 samples were collected, comprising 16 samples from Antananarivo and 10 from Mahajanga. The concentrations of PM2.5 and metallic trace elements (Aluminum (Al), Titanium (Ti), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Lead (Pb)) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Statistical methods, including the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, independent samples t-tests for comparing means between cities, and one-way ANOVA for analyzing site-to-site variation within cities, were applied to assess the data. The analysis revealed a variation in PM2.5 concentration ranging from 4.80 µg/m³ to 58.45 µg/m³, with a mean PM2.5 concentration of 24.39 µg/m³ across all sampling sites, with 68.75% of samples from Antananarivo and 50.00% from Mahajanga exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 15 µg/m³. The average concentrations of the metallic trace elements aluminium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc and lead were 0.6797 µg/m³, 0.0382 µg/m³, 0.0015 µg/m³, 0.0176 µg/m³, 0.4045 µg/m³, 0.0001 µg/m³, 0.0021 µg/m³, 0.0076 µg/m³ and 0.0023 µg/m³ respectively. The independent samples t-tests showed no statistically significant difference in mean PM2.5 concentrations between the two cities. However, the one-way ANOVA indicated significant variability in PM2.5 levels among different sampling sites within each city, highlighting spatial heterogeneity in indoor air pollutant concentrations. This study emphasizes the need for targeted, localized interventions to address disparities in indoor air quality and mitigate health risks associated with elevated PM2.5 levels in urban environment. The findings suggest that further research and policy efforts should focus on developing strategies to improve IAQ in Madagascar's urban areas to safeguard public health.
Abstract: Indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for human health, especially in urban areas where people spend most of their time indoors. In cities like Antananarivo and Mahajanga, Madagascar, various factors contribute to poor IAQ, posing significant health risks. A total of 26 samples were collected, comprising 16 samples from Antananarivo and 10 from Mahaj...
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