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Research Article
Determination of the Fatty Acids in the Epiphyllum oxypetalum’s Flower and Phylloclade Followed by the Study of Their Esterification with Citric Acid
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara*,
Ny Idealy Elite Randriamanantena,
Baholy Robijaona a Rahelivololoniain,
Rakotomamonjy Pierre,
Hanitriniaina Marie Ratsimba
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
1-14
Received:
24 November 2023
Accepted:
11 December 2023
Published:
8 January 2024
Abstract: The fatty acids played important roles in the organism and process. Some saturated fatty acids composed and important for the functioning of many cell membranes. There was also saturated fatty acids which are antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-carcinogen, anti-tumor and could protect the cardiovascular system by favoring the decrease of cholesterol rate. Some saturated fatty acids were used in process as emollient, flow agent, emulsifier, additives-surfactant, viscosity builder, co-emulsifier and internal/external lubricant in plastics. In addition, unsaturated fatty acids are in general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. In consequence, the singularity of this manuscript aim is to identify and to quantify the fatty acids not only in the leaves-phylloclade of the Epiphyllum oxypetalum but also in its flower without pistil and etamines and in its pistil and etamines. Soxhlet assembly with hexane as solvent was used to extract the active fatty acids molecules in these different parts of the plant Epiphyllum oxypetalum. Chromatography phase gas analysis results gave the distribution of the fatty acids at their different parts-stems and affirmed the presence of lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. It was noticed that the arachidic acid was seen only in the flower, stamens and pistils and the gadoleic acid is seen only in the stamens and pistils and allowed to consider their capacities to improve heart health, to reduce inflammation as anti-inflammatory, to improve cognitive function, to be anticarcinogenic and to be used as detergent additive. The exploitation of these chromatography phase gas analysis results permitted to give the weight concentration of the different fatty acids (mg/g) in relation to the grinded sample and in relation to the initial fresh sample for the Epiphyllum oxypetalum’s flower with stamens and pistils and for the Epiphyllum oxypetalum’s phylloclade-leaves. Then, the esterification of the Epiphyllum oxypetalum’s different parts with citric acid were carried out on a reflux assembly and followed with time reaction in order not only to extract their active molecules like flavonoids, terpénoïdes, alkaloids and fatty acids but also to determine each plant part’s kinetics parameters seeing that their quantities were in excess in comparison with the citric acid quantities. The results showed that the initial kinetic constant k for the phylloclade and stamens/pistil respectively equals to 165,000 [L2×mol-2×mn-1] and 173,844 [L2×mol-2×mn-1] were very important than for the flower without stamens and pistil equals to 39,469 [L2×mol-2×mn-1] which were certainly due to their porosities and micro-canals.
Abstract: The fatty acids played important roles in the organism and process. Some saturated fatty acids composed and important for the functioning of many cell membranes. There was also saturated fatty acids which are antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-carcinogen, anti-tumor and could protect the cardiovascular system by favoring the decrease of cholesterol ra...
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Research Article
Valorization of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) into Bioethanol Using Several Yeast Strains of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Bakaï Marie-France*,
Ouadja Batcha,
Segbeaya Kwamivi Nyonuwosro,
Abli Essowèréou Abel,
Kabissi Hodo-Abalo
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
15-21
Received:
14 December 2023
Accepted:
12 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Watermelon is a fruit with very high losses, and its waste can attract pests. It’s therefore preferable to look for ways to recycle this waste. This study aims to valorize watermelon waste for the production of bioethanol by fermentation. The performance of six yeast strains of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae namely “Zymaflore X16, Actiflore F5, Zymaflore X5, Actiflore BO213, Zymaflore Delta, Zymaflore RX60 and Saf-Levure” were tested, in the presence and absence of urea as a growth factor. The results show that it is possible to obtain ethanol from watermelon waste. Among the six yeast strains studied, four see their fermentation performance improved in the presence of urea. The best yields are obtained for “X5 and RX60” strains with yields close to 18% (compared to less than 4,5% in the absence of urea for the same yeast strains). Nitrogen compounds are therefore nutrients that improve the fermenting power of yeast. The purity of ethanol obtained after distillation of fermentation must varies between 10 and 40% in the absence of urea and between 18 and 42% in the presence of urea. The watermelon from Togo therefore gives interesting and encouraging results for the production of bioethanol with yeast strains that stand out and whose use can be considered for the production of bioethanol on a larger scale. The results obtained will still require optimizing the conditions.
Abstract: Watermelon is a fruit with very high losses, and its waste can attract pests. It’s therefore preferable to look for ways to recycle this waste. This study aims to valorize watermelon waste for the production of bioethanol by fermentation. The performance of six yeast strains of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae namely “Zymaflore X16, Actiflore F5, Zymaflore...
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Research Article
Extraction, Analytical Analysis and Biological Activities Evaluation of the Body Lipid of Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) of the Bay of Bengal
Ayesha Afrin*,
Mohammad Rashedul Azim,
Mohammad Moazzam Hossain,
Sreebash Chandra Bhattacharjee,
Mohammad Helal Uddin
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
22-28
Received:
2 January 2024
Accepted:
18 January 2024
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: The outward effects of the detectable diversity in marine fish lipid compositions on human physiology and alimentation have highlighted focus. Considering this, to assess and compare various physical and chemical constants the body lipid of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) from the Bay of Bengal was extracted using a solvent extraction method. Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) marked the presence of (C14:0), (C16:0), (C18:0), (C16:1), (C18:1), (C18:1), (C18:2), (C18:3), (C20:4), (C20:2), (C20:5), (C22:5) and (C22:6) fatty acids. It figured that Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA %) > Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA%), Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA %) >Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA %) i.e. [34.8373% > 7.9989%] and ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-3 PUFA) >ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-6 PUFA) i.e. [5.6562% > 2.3427%]. ω-3/ω-6 ratio was mathematically calculated (2.42). Several minerals (N, P, K and Ca) and metal contents (Fe, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, As, Mg) were determined quantitatively. Furthermore, the inhibition effect of extracted lipid against few bacteria and fungi was examined using presiding techniques. As a result of the research, it is clarified by a number of noteworthy facts pertaining to nutritional and therapeutic elements.
Abstract: The outward effects of the detectable diversity in marine fish lipid compositions on human physiology and alimentation have highlighted focus. Considering this, to assess and compare various physical and chemical constants the body lipid of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) from the Bay of Bengal was extracted using a solvent extraction met...
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