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Spectral Lines of Ca2+, Au3+, and Ag+ Found in Complex Matrices and Interactions of These Ions with Molecules, Cells and Mineral Surfaces
Haidi Dalinda Fiedler*,
Priscila Bueno,
Augusto Müller Fiedler,
Vera Frescura Bascuñan
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
1-13
Received:
22 November 2022
Accepted:
27 December 2022
Published:
17 January 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajac.20231101.11
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Abstract: Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) is a non-destructive analytical method used to solve problems involving nutritional, mineral, and toxic chemical elements. It is very common in the customization and commerce of jewelry. EDXRF depends on recording spectral lines from the irradiation of isotopes. After a brief review of the interactions of the ions Ca2+, Zn2+, P, Au3+, and Ag+ along with the results of the current study it was revealed that the methodology, when used in a semi-quantitative approach, can successfully identify all elements present in a whalebone sample collected from Santa Catarina Island (Brazil). This article serves as an example to explain the molecular reactions of Ca2+ and the concentration of elements: Cl-, Zn2+, Br, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, S, P, and Si. It was proposed initially to evaluate spectral lines of Ca2+ found in the whalebone (biomarker). The model was then further expanded to explore Ca2+ and its relationships to the intra- and extracellular environments, where the plasma membrane Ca2+-pump (PMCA) is responsible for Ca2+ ejection in most eukaryotic, excitable cells as, eg, in the cardiac tissue with a Na/Ca exchanger. The certified Road Dust (BCR-723, which is in prominence among the reference materials used) could be applied to samples of dust, soils, sediments, fossil fuel, ceramic, and bio-ceramic in general. With the aid of a matching matrix, it has been shown that EDXRF can function even with samples of Au3+ and Ag+. The results with certified reference samples of Road Dust (BCR-723) and its standards serve as a basis for studies of catalyst supports, an eg aluminum oxide containing titanium, erbium, lanthanum, and other elements, and as a model of charged ions.
Abstract: Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) is a non-destructive analytical method used to solve problems involving nutritional, mineral, and toxic chemical elements. It is very common in the customization and commerce of jewelry. EDXRF depends on recording spectral lines from the irradiation of isotopes. After a brief review of the interactions o...
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Extraction, Physico-Chemical Analysis and Microbial Activities Evaluation of the Body Lipid of Tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) of the Bay of Bengal
Md. Rashedul Azim,
Ayesha Afrin,
Md. Moazzam Hossain,
Sanjida Mukut,
Mohammad Helal Uddin
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
14-20
Received:
20 December 2022
Accepted:
25 January 2023
Published:
14 February 2023
Abstract: Due to the discernible variation in the marine fish lipids compositions, the direct and indirect outcomes of it on human health physiology and nutrition have emphasized heightened focus. For this, the inquisition was reported with the extraction of the body lipid of Tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) of the Bay of Bengal by Bligh and Dyer extraction method and different analytical parameters were rummaged and assimilate with those of typical fish lipids. The presence of several fatty acids namely myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1), vaccenic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), arachidonic acid (C20:4), eicosadienoic acid (C20:2), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) etc was confirmed by Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC). It revealed that Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA%) were higher than Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA%). Moreover total Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA%) were higher than Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA%) i.e. [25.5777% > 12.6850%] and ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-3 PUFA) were higher than ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-6 PUFA) i.e. [8.1113% > 4.5737%] along with higher ω-3/ω-6 ratio (1.77). The muscle of the target specimen was assessed to quantify the minerals content (N, P, K and Ca). Several metals (Fe, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, As, Mg) were estimated with the help of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) method. Additionally, using established techniques, the isolated lipid sample was evaluated for microbial (bacterial and fungal) activity. Thus from the findings, it is resolved with a variety of significant facts relating to nutritional and medicinal aspects.
Abstract: Due to the discernible variation in the marine fish lipids compositions, the direct and indirect outcomes of it on human health physiology and nutrition have emphasized heightened focus. For this, the inquisition was reported with the extraction of the body lipid of Tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) of the Bay of Bengal by Bligh and Dyer extraction...
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Determining of the Constituent Molecules in the Strychnos spinosa Pips by Extraction with Citric Acid Esterification Procedure
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara,
Rakotonanahary Lovasoa Carolia Sabrinah,
Hanitra Marie Ratsimba,
Nambinina Richard Randriana,
Baholy Robijaona,
Rakotomamonjy Pierre
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
21-32
Received:
6 January 2023
Accepted:
30 January 2023
Published:
24 February 2023
Abstract: This publication treated the determination (qualitative) and the quantification (quantitative) of the steroidal and flavonoids constituent molecules in the Strychnos spinosa pips. These molecules were extracted by esterification between the Strychnos spinosa pips and citric acid molecules in a reflux assembly such as the evaluated total moles of the substance’s organic functions, deduced by bibliographies values, and which could reacted with the citric acid molecules was in excess. Thus, the weight ratio between the Strychnos spinosa pips and citric acid was equal to 7.39. Seeing that the reflux assembly could be assimilated as a closed reactor composed with a beaker-250ml, the observed speed constant ksee was equal to 4.3168×10-2 [L2×mol-2×mn-1]. Thereafter, the transesterification of the Strychnos spinosa citric acid esters solution by methanol was carried out with the volume ratio 2.82 and the extraction with dichloromethane followed by hplc-analysis permitted to determine the presence of virtuous steroidal and flavonoid molecules in the Strychnos spinosa pips respectively 4.25×10-1 [gsteroïds per gStrychnos spinosa pips] and 3.89×10-1 [gflavonoids per gStrychnos spinosa pips]. The constituent molecules majority in the Strychnos spinosa pips were betulinic acid and eriocitrin which vertues as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer were shown in bibliographies. Thus, it was important the perspective to valorize the Strychnos spinosa pips.
Abstract: This publication treated the determination (qualitative) and the quantification (quantitative) of the steroidal and flavonoids constituent molecules in the Strychnos spinosa pips. These molecules were extracted by esterification between the Strychnos spinosa pips and citric acid molecules in a reflux assembly such as the evaluated total moles of th...
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Kinetics Study and Transesterification of Hydnocapus weightiana Seed Oil Using Waste Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Aguoma Chinedu Chris,
Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe,
Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi,
Ike Ozoemenam Christian
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
33-42
Received:
3 January 2023
Accepted:
30 January 2023
Published:
28 February 2023
Abstract: Biodiesel is generally believed to be the fuel to replace fossil fuel which has impacted the environment adversely. High pump price of biodiesel is one of the reasons why it is yet to replace petrol diesel. Edible seed oil and homogenous nature of the catalysts used are some of the reasons for the high cost of biodiesel. Some of the best ways to reduce the cost of the production of biodiesel are through the use of non-food oils, and heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production. This research examined the use of Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil (Non –food feedstock) in biodiesel production using methanol and Pila globosa sea snail shells as the heterogeneous catalyst. One step transesterification was used to produce the biodiesel. Four processes variables were optimized, Agitation speed 800rmp, reaction temperature 60°C, catalyst concentration (2.00 wt%) and reaction time (70 min). The catalyst was rich in Calcium oxide (CaO) and CaO4Te. The reversible second-order reaction of the transesterification of the oil was followed in the reaction. Kinetic modeling of the biodiesel production process was used to determine the reaction sequence and the rate constant which showed that the activation energy of the methyl ester production was 43KJ/mol. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel compared with ASTM standard showed that most of the properties determined from the biodiesel were all within the standard. The re- usability of the heterogeneous catalyst was accessed under same experimental conditions and it was found that the catalyst is still active after 4th and 5th runs. Pila globosa sea snail shell is proven to be a potential raw material for catalyst used in transesterification of FFA (Free fatty acid) from oils. Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil is also a potentially feed stock for biodiesel production.
Abstract: Biodiesel is generally believed to be the fuel to replace fossil fuel which has impacted the environment adversely. High pump price of biodiesel is one of the reasons why it is yet to replace petrol diesel. Edible seed oil and homogenous nature of the catalysts used are some of the reasons for the high cost of biodiesel. Some of the best ways to re...
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Optimization of the Adsorption of Heavy Metals (Copper, Lead) in Aqueous Solution by the Fine Sodium Fraction of Loukolela Clay
Ifo Grace Mazel,
Diamouangana Mpissi Zita Flora,
Kouhounina Banzouzi Merline Lady,
Ndombo Ondouma Reine Chrisna,
Dikitomene Kienga Francia Jessie,
Matini Laurent
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2023
Pages:
43-49
Received:
18 January 2023
Accepted:
16 February 2023
Published:
28 February 2023
Abstract: Objective: The general objective of this work is to study the adsorption capacity of two heavy metals (Pb2+, Cu2+) by the fine sodic fraction of the clay collected in the locality of Loukoléla. Materials and Methods: The kinetics of adsorption allowed us to find a time of equilibrium of copper, lead with the mont-Na. The influence of the pH was carried out in basic and acid medium, the adsorption isotherm is obtained by drawing the curve of the adsorbed quantities according to the concentration at the equilibrium, the Langmuir isotherm was used to write the adsorption of copper and lead. Results: The equilibrium time is reached at t =20 min with an adsorption quantity of 64 mg/g for Cu2+; for the Pb2+ ion the equilibrium is reached after 25 minutes with an adsorption quantity of 43.2 mg/g of fixed metal. Two models were used for the modelling of this work, namely the Langmuir model and the Freudlich model. This study shows that the Langmuir model gives better results than the Freundlich model with a maximum adsorption capacity of the monolayer of 653.12 mg/g for Cu2+ and 100.388 mg/g for Pb2+, Loukoléla clay shows high affinities with copper particles compared to lead particles. These results show that Loukoléla clay can be used as an adsorbent for metallic pollutants.
Abstract: Objective: The general objective of this work is to study the adsorption capacity of two heavy metals (Pb2+, Cu2+) by the fine sodic fraction of the clay collected in the locality of Loukoléla. Materials and Methods: The kinetics of adsorption allowed us to find a time of equilibrium of copper, lead with the mont-Na. The influence of the pH was car...
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