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Black Citric Acid Polymer (PN) Pozzolana Activated - Na-PN-Pozzolana-CE Material Synthesis Tested As Cationic Exchanger
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara,
Marie Nicole Rabemananjara,
Nambinina Richard Randriana
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
145-160
Received:
1 October 2019
Accepted:
22 October 2019
Published:
7 November 2019
Abstract: It was showed that black citric acid polymer (PN) have capacities to be a potential raw materials for realizing a cationic exchanger seeing that the treated water solution through PN kept a brown color of brown citric acid polymers from PN during its activations with NaOH. So, the objective of this publication was to realize not only materials and process which could clarify the brown color of the PN treated water but also to realize immediately a cationic exchanger materials with at the end a clarified transparent water. Consequently, two raw materials have been selected to do these realizations: pozzolana and black citric acid polymer (PN). The first step was to elaborate a procedure for synthesizing PN-pozzolana material founded upon water as PN’s liquid vector, pozzolana/PN weigh relationship, used pozzolana’s oxygen total atoms contents, water/pn molar relationship and water/pozzolana molar relationship. Then, PN-pozzolana was characterized by NaOH-0.05N titration enabled to value the on surface PN, the total PN dispersed, the on vacuole PN with maybe pozzolana vacuole porosity recovery rate. Also, the PN-pozzolana material was used to clarify by PN a treated water cationic exchanger according to a procedure using a PN-tubular filter with well-defined experimental conditions leading to good results. The second step was to elaborate a procedure for synthesizing Na-PN-pozzolana-CE cationic exchanger founded upon PN-pozzolana activation with NaOH as described on bibliography followed by thermic treatment. Then, Na-PN-pozzolana-CE cationic exchanger was characterized by HCl-0.049N enabled to value the total Na+ dispersed on PN-pozzolana and Na+ on surface per total PN moles ratio. Results and discussions of the thermic treatment were done seeing that there were all the time weight diminution of activated Na-PN-pozzolana thermic treated. Finally, exchange cationic tests with CaCO3 solution were carried-out with different contact time on these Na-PN-pozzolana-CE cationic exchanger and the Ca2+ contents of treated water solution was followed by EDTA-complexometric titration. Results showed clearly that not only PN-pozzolana material could clarify the brown treated water but also Na-PN-pozzolana-CE is a good cationic exchanger with a maximal Ca2+ retained rate capacity around 93.27 [%].
Abstract: It was showed that black citric acid polymer (PN) have capacities to be a potential raw materials for realizing a cationic exchanger seeing that the treated water solution through PN kept a brown color of brown citric acid polymers from PN during its activations with NaOH. So, the objective of this publication was to realize not only materials and ...
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Perimetric Distributed UV Reactor and Its Validation and the Decontamination of Fresh Broccolis
Bruno Pereira de Oliveira,
Shirly Lara Pérez,
Daniel Chianfrone,
Kate Cristina Blanco,
Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
161-167
Received:
16 October 2019
Accepted:
25 November 2019
Published:
2 December 2019
Abstract: The ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as a non-thermal processing technique for microbial decontamination of food (MDF) has been the gainer in many variations after the inclusion of UV light as an alternative for MDF by the US FDA. However the lasts years increase the application of the UV light in food, water and pharmaceutical utilization. In this report, we describe a new type of reactor, where the UV emitters are parametrically distributed for decontaminating fresh broccolis. We described the constructed reactor and its characterization with the validation of the system with controlled contaminated broccolis. The overall liquid was contamined with 105 UFC/mL E. coli operating with a flow rate of 80 L/min in 30 L and six lamps in the reactor and the collection of samples in intervals of 25 min. The E. coli used in this experiment was eliminated in 99,99% The intensity of UVC light distributed in the internal part of the reactor is practically homogeneous due to the developed geometry. The kinetics of microbial death presented no great influence on this variation. That is, any volume of water contained in the process can be decontaminated. A relation between UV and the flow rate was stablished. The system demonstrated its capacity in inactivating the microorganism.
Abstract: The ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as a non-thermal processing technique for microbial decontamination of food (MDF) has been the gainer in many variations after the inclusion of UV light as an alternative for MDF by the US FDA. However the lasts years increase the application of the UV light in food, water and pharmaceutical utilization. In this rep...
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Determination of Protein Value and Alcoholic Content in Locally Prepared Different Types of Cheka at Different Stages Using CHNS Elemental Analyzer and Specific Gravity Methods
Birhane Hidug Desta,
Girma Mengesha Melese
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
168-174
Received:
10 April 2019
Accepted:
16 July 2019
Published:
6 December 2019
Abstract: Cheka, Errorota, Shurkuta and Pulla are a cereal and vegetable based beverages and foods which are typically consumed in south western parts of Ethiopia particularly in Derashe and Konso. In this article the qualitative tests of alcohol, protein and carbohydrate have investigated for different types of Cheka. The result obtained for all tests is positive result confirming the presence of alcohol, protein and carbohydrate in different types of Cheka. In addition to this quantitative analysis of nitrogen content, acidity and alcoholic content of traditionally prepared fresh and matured Cheka have determined using different methods including distillation with specific gravity methods for alcoholic content determination and CHNS elemental analyzer for protein content determination. CHNS elemental analyzer (also known as a carbon hydrogen nitrogen and sulphur analyzer) is a scientific instrument which is used to measure carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur elemental concentrations in a given samples with accuracy and precision. The level of alcoholic content as well as level of acidity increases with the prolonged time of storage while specific gravity have shown to decrease with time of storage. Moreover, it has found that the level of protein is higher in Shurkuta and Pulla than that of Cheka and Errorota. To have all sorts of benefit from all types of Cheka it is better to consume it in its fresh stage. Finally the experimental results of the research have presented in tabular form.
Abstract: Cheka, Errorota, Shurkuta and Pulla are a cereal and vegetable based beverages and foods which are typically consumed in south western parts of Ethiopia particularly in Derashe and Konso. In this article the qualitative tests of alcohol, protein and carbohydrate have investigated for different types of Cheka. The result obtained for all tests is po...
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Physico-chemical and Concentration of Heavy Metals Analyses in Virgin and Used Lubricating Oils: A Spectroscopy Study
Boadu Kwasi Opoku,
Joel Ogbonna Friday,
Essumang David Kofi,
Evbuomwan Benson Osa
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
175-179
Received:
8 November 2019
Accepted:
25 November 2019
Published:
9 December 2019
Abstract: As a result of the changes that occur during their use, lubricating oils from automobiles tend to differ in terms of their physical and chemical composition from virgin and used lubricating oils. The analyses of the heavy metals distribution, contaminants and physicochemical parameters of the virgin and used lubricating oils will guide us to select the possible processes that can alter the oil composition. This research examines the heavy metals distribution, contaminants and physicochemical parameters of the virgin and used lubricating oils using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer for 7 elements using various ASTM D methods. The results obtained shows that there were significant differences in the virgin and used lubricating oils. The deleterious effects of heavy metals, contaminants and physicochemical parameters on the environment have been known for a while. These contaminants not only causes environmental problems, they also have bio-accumulation effects on living organism, poisoning and fouling of catalyst as well as corrode processing equipment. This study also presents results showing us that contaminants, heavy metals and physicochemical parameters play a major role in discriminating of lubricating oil samples.
Abstract: As a result of the changes that occur during their use, lubricating oils from automobiles tend to differ in terms of their physical and chemical composition from virgin and used lubricating oils. The analyses of the heavy metals distribution, contaminants and physicochemical parameters of the virgin and used lubricating oils will guide us to select...
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Physico-chemical Evaluation of the Efficiency of Ash from the Leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. in Skin Healing
Togbe Finagnon Crepin Alexis,
Yete Pelagie,
Yovo Franck,
Wotto Valentin,
Sohounhloue Dominique
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
180-184
Received:
22 November 2019
Accepted:
7 December 2019
Published:
25 December 2019
Abstract: Ocimum gratissimum L. is a plant whose leaf ash is widely cited as having wound healing properties. This work therefore consists in verifying the healing activity of the ashes of the leaves of this plant. Different leaf samples of this plant were collected from four sites in the central region of Benin and six sites in the southern region. The leaves of this plant were treated and calcined in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 500°C. The mineral contents of the ashes obtained are determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Emission Spectrometry (SEM/EDS). Each ash was also dissolved and the pH of the substrates obtained measured. The results obtained show that the various ashes are rich in minerals with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties such as zinc (3256ppm-5020pm), sulphur (1278ppm-3513pm) and selenium (186ppm-412pm). In addition, the ashes studied are slightly acidic and their presence in a wound would not favour the development of certain pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella. The results obtained provide justification for the traditional use of Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf ash in the treatment of external wounds.
Abstract: Ocimum gratissimum L. is a plant whose leaf ash is widely cited as having wound healing properties. This work therefore consists in verifying the healing activity of the ashes of the leaves of this plant. Different leaf samples of this plant were collected from four sites in the central region of Benin and six sites in the southern region. The leav...
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Production and Evaluation of Biogas from Mixed Fruits and Vegetable Wastes Collected from Arba Minch Market
Alemu Mekonnen Tura,
Tesfaye Seifu Lemma
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
185-190
Received:
18 October 2019
Accepted:
6 December 2019
Published:
30 December 2019
Abstract: The world is in need of a green, efficient, carbon- neutral energy source to replace fossil fuels. The search for energy alternatives involving locally available and renewable resource is one of the main concerns of governments, scientists, and business people worldwide. Biogas, formed by anaerobic digestion of organic materials makes sustainable, reliable and renewable energy possible. This study involves the construction of a lab scale biogas production plant digester. The production of biogas was carried out by employing the mixed substrates of 13 different fruit and vegetable wastes collected from Arbaminch vegetable market. The materials used as feed were Apple, Mango, Cabbage, Avocado, onion, potato, Tomato, Banana, Lemon, Orange, Carrot, Papaya and cow manure. The total solid, volatile solids, moisture content and ash content of the wastes were examined. The anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes mixed with different waste took 35-40 days to produce biogas (for complete digestion). Anaerobic digestion is very sensitive to change in pH and it is important to maintain pH of 6.7-7.4 for healthy system. The process resulted in the production of nutrient rich slurry high C/N ratio. The presented data on the moisture content, total solid, volatile solid and ash content of the wastes shows that tomato had maximum moisture content of 95.02% and lemon had the least with a moisture content of 73.4%. The maximum TS were recorded in Avocado (24.47%). The VS in all wastes used for the study varied from 20% (carrot) to 46.5% (Mango) wastes. The characteristics of these wastes were found to be: TS 14.13% of wet weight, VS 26.71%, TS/VS initial 0.461 and TS/VS final 0.394 which lead to TS/VS lost 0.394. The carbon and nitrogen composition of these mixed wastes was 53.85% and 2.205% respectively. The cumulative biogas production was 105.5 mL/1000g of food waste. This was the most effective as it showed maximum percentage removal of organic matter due to efficient working of the digester. Therefore, the application of biogas technology has economic, environmental, health and social benefits. It ultimately contributes towards sustainable development.
Abstract: The world is in need of a green, efficient, carbon- neutral energy source to replace fossil fuels. The search for energy alternatives involving locally available and renewable resource is one of the main concerns of governments, scientists, and business people worldwide. Biogas, formed by anaerobic digestion of organic materials makes sustainable, ...
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