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Application of Activated Sludge for Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reuse for Irrigation in Kenitra, Morocco
Abdellah Lachheb,
Youssef Azami Idrissi,
Noureddine Zouhri,
Sakina Belhamidi,
Mohamed Taky,
Mahassine El Amrani,
Azzddine Elmidaoui
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
33-39
Received:
23 January 2016
Accepted:
8 February 2016
Published:
12 March 2016
Abstract: The treatment domestic urban wastewater is growing nowadays, because of the rising cost of water and because of environmental pollution, and becoming an important water source for agricultural irrigation. The aim of this study was to decrease the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Suspended solids (SS) of urban wastewater the city of Kenitra by activated sludge, in first time focusing on determining the best activated sludge pilot plant operating conditions after in order to confirm the performance of the station, a long duration of the pilot purification test was conducted. The pilot operating conditions correspond in terms of mass load to a low load are: Flow 0.5l / h; Oxygenation rate 60%; 100% recycling of the activated sludge; Aeration tank agitation 100 rev/min. Also, a sustained performance during the trial period, during which, the station operated in low mass load, producing water with BOD5, COD and SS, which is respectively (90.20%, 89. 79% et 97.67%) much lower levels in Moroccan discharge standards. The final treated wastewater could be reused water for agricultural irrigation.
Abstract: The treatment domestic urban wastewater is growing nowadays, because of the rising cost of water and because of environmental pollution, and becoming an important water source for agricultural irrigation. The aim of this study was to decrease the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Suspended solids (SS) of urban ...
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The Geochemical Speciation of Hand-dug Well Water of Kakamega County, Kenya
Joshua Kiprotich Kibet,
David Munyonge Kituyi,
Samuel Limo Chelimo,
Lorna Chemutai Chesir
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
40-49
Received:
7 February 2016
Accepted:
18 February 2016
Published:
19 March 2016
Abstract: This contribution makes use of AquaChem computational platform to determine the mineral assemblage and mineral speciation of hand-dug well water of Kakamega Metropolis. Mineral speciation, hydrochemical behavior, charge balance error (CBE), and piper plots are important factors in establishing mineral composition and water histories of a given hydrological regime. The ionic strength as predicted using AquaChem was between 0.0051 and 0.0068 in the hand-dug wells investigated in this study. AquaChem gave a charge balance error (CBE) of between 38.0 and - 0.9, and predicted that Kakamega waters belong to the class of primary waters having very low concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS<150 mg/kg). Piper plots indicated that the water is possibly from local supply of each element throughout history, origin, and migration of the water. Evidently, the oxygen-rich ions represented by HCO3- and SO42- were abundant compared to Cl- and F-. This implies that the water originates from shallow aquifers, and is of low salinity.
Abstract: This contribution makes use of AquaChem computational platform to determine the mineral assemblage and mineral speciation of hand-dug well water of Kakamega Metropolis. Mineral speciation, hydrochemical behavior, charge balance error (CBE), and piper plots are important factors in establishing mineral composition and water histories of a given hydr...
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Kinetic and Mechanism of Oxidation of Benzazolylformamidines by Permanganate in Alkaline Medium
Ahmed Fawzy,
Ishaq Zaafarany,
Ismail Althagafi,
Ameena Al-Bonayan,
Faten Aljiffrey
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
50-58
Received:
21 February 2016
Accepted:
6 March 2016
Published:
19 March 2016
Abstract: In alkaline medium, the kinetics of oxidation of two substituted benzazolylformamidines, namely N, N-dimethyl-N’-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) formamidine (BIF) and N, N-dimethyl-N’-(benzthiazol-2-yl) formamidine (BTF) by permanganate ion has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm-3 and at 25°C. The reactions exhibited first order kinetics with respect to [permanganate]. Fractional-first order dependences of both reactions on [reductants] and [alkali] were revealed. Increasing either ionic strength or solvent polarity of the medium had no significant effect on the rates. The final oxidation products of BIF and BTF were identified as 2-aminobenzimidazole and 2-aminobenzthiazole, respectively, in addition to dimethylamine and carbon dioxide. Under comparable experimental conditions, the oxidation rate of BIF was higher than that of BTF. The reaction mechanism adequately describing the kinetic results was proposed, and the reaction constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism have been evaluated. The activation parameters with respect to the rate-limiting step of the reactions, along with thermodynamic quantities were computed and discussed.
Abstract: In alkaline medium, the kinetics of oxidation of two substituted benzazolylformamidines, namely N, N-dimethyl-N’-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) formamidine (BIF) and N, N-dimethyl-N’-(benzthiazol-2-yl) formamidine (BTF) by permanganate ion has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm-3 and at 25°C. The reactions exhibi...
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The Determination of Caffeine Level of Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia Coffee Using UV-visible Spectrophotometer
Zewdu Tadesse Wondimkun,
Abdisa Gebisa Jebessa,
Liboro Hundito Molloro,
Tesfaye Haile
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
59-63
Received:
15 February 2016
Accepted:
24 February 2016
Published:
23 March 2016
Abstract: Coffee is an important commodity culturally, commercially and economically in the world. Because of its consumption in most countries in the world, it is important to investigate the exact amounts of its chemical constituents. Caffeine is one of the main components of coffee that affect the quality of coffee. In this research, rapid, simple, accurate, reproducible and cheap UV-Vis spectrometer was used for the quantification of caffeine in coffee and dichloromethane was used as a solvent for the coffee samples taken from Wolaita zone of five woredas. The results of this research show that the amount of caffeine of the coffee samples ranged from (450.13 to 579.60 (mg/L). The amounts of caffeine in Bolso Bomba coffee is the greatest, of all the other coffee samples studied in Wolaita Zone. On the other hand, Kindo Koisha and that of Bolso sore coffee has the least caffeine content compared to the other coffee samples measured. The caffeine content of Sodo Zuria coffee and Humbo coffee samples has an average amounts of caffeine.
Abstract: Coffee is an important commodity culturally, commercially and economically in the world. Because of its consumption in most countries in the world, it is important to investigate the exact amounts of its chemical constituents. Caffeine is one of the main components of coffee that affect the quality of coffee. In this research, rapid, simple, accura...
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New Processes to Extract Pure Betacarotenes Molecules Using Acetic Acid Solvent
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara,
Phandry Nomena Ndjiva Rabearimihaja
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
64-70
Received:
23 February 2016
Accepted:
10 March 2016
Published:
28 March 2016
Abstract: Betacarotenes molecules extractions using acetic acid (99% of purity) as solvent followed by distillated water neutralization or hexane solvent to get back betacarotenes. To obtain pure betacarotenes molecules, distillation step is necessary for the second process which use hexane solvent; however for the first process which use distillated water neutralization, decantation step is enough. The first process is energetically profitable. Unrefined palm oil which contains betacarotenes molecules with triglycerides and grease acids is used as model product for betacarotenes extraction. Both of the two processes have extraction rate more than 27% which increases proportionally with the weight of unrefined palm oil used for extraction.
Abstract: Betacarotenes molecules extractions using acetic acid (99% of purity) as solvent followed by distillated water neutralization or hexane solvent to get back betacarotenes. To obtain pure betacarotenes molecules, distillation step is necessary for the second process which use hexane solvent; however for the first process which use distillated water n...
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