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First Report on Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Artabotrys velutinus Scott-Elliot Extracts Against Some Clinical Strains in Benin
Mahudro Yovo,
Guy Alain Alitonou,
Hounnankpon Yedomonhan,
Fidele Tchobo,
Oronce Dedome,
Philippe Sessou,
Félicien Avlessi,
Chantal Menut,
Dominique Sohounhloué
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
71-76
Received:
24 March 2016
Accepted:
5 April 2016
Published:
27 April 2016
Abstract: This work aims to study the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, for the first time, of essential oil and non-volatile extracts of Artabotrys velutinus against Klebsiella pneumoniae 818E, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25933, three clinical strains of reference. The chemical analysis of essential oil of Artabotrys velutinus by GC and GC-MS showed that this oil rich in aromatic components (62.6%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (29.9%) contains 30 compounds representing 98.9% of the oil. The major components of the essential oil were benzyl benzoate (61.2%) also called ascabiol with and E-β-caryophyllene (9.1%). The phytochemical screening of leaves powder of Artabotrys velutinus revealed the presence of saponins, catechin tannins, mucilages, flavonoids, alkaloid, anthocyanins, leuco-anthocyanins, reducing compounds, sterols and terpenes. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts by agar diffusion method showed that only the ethanolic extract of the plant was more effective against E. coli with the highest inhibition zone of 13 mm at 100mg/mL and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration equal to 50 mg/mL. However, the activity of ethanolic extract of this plant was less active than those of reference antibiotics chloramphenicol and gentamycin which were very effective against the strains tested. In sum, essential oil of Artabotrys velutinus and its hydroethanolic extract present weakness antimicrobial activity contrary to its ethanolic extract which possesses moderate activity against clinical strains tested. This study suggests the used of ethanolic extract of Artabotrys velutinus in combination with others active extracts to fight against E. coli.
Abstract: This work aims to study the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, for the first time, of essential oil and non-volatile extracts of Artabotrys velutinus against Klebsiella pneumoniae 818E, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25933, three clinical strains of reference. The chemical analysis of essent...
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Water Defluoridation Capacity of Tanzanian Kaolin-Feldspar Blend Adsobents
Esther Hellen Lugwisha,
Galasia Lunyungu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
77-83
Received:
29 March 2016
Accepted:
8 April 2016
Published:
27 April 2016
Abstract: A study was conducted to investigate the capacity of Tanzanian kaolin-feldspar blends on water defluoridation. Five adsorbents of kaolin-feldspar blends were prepared at different ratios, namely; 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 0:1.The prepared adsorbents were activated at 60°C and then characterized by XRD and XRF. Mineralogical results showed that kaolin contained phases of kaolinite, illite and quartz whereas feldspar contained microcline and quartz. Chemical composition results indicated that both kaolin and feldspar samples contained silica and aluminium in high proportions. Defluoridation studies were conducted by using column method. Different parameters were tested for water defluoridation studies including particle size, contact time, initial fluoride ion concentration, height of the column and solution pH. It was observed that the adsorption increased with a decrease in particle size, and particle size of 0.25 mm showed the highest removal of fluoride. The fluoride adsorption was found to increase with contact time with optimum contact time after 45 minutes. A high adsorption of fluoride ions for all samples was observed at low pHs (2-6) and the maximum adsorption was at pH 2. Also the adsorption increased as the height of the column was increased. Regeneration of spent adsorbent did not afford to remove fluoride to acceptable levels, an aspect that needs more investigation. The study therefore concludes that, although the blends can be used as defluoridation materials; blending kaolin and feldspar did not improve adsorption of fluoride ions from fluoridated water. The best adsorbent was B1 which consists of kaolin only followed by B2 with 2:1 kaolin-feldspar ratio.
Abstract: A study was conducted to investigate the capacity of Tanzanian kaolin-feldspar blends on water defluoridation. Five adsorbents of kaolin-feldspar blends were prepared at different ratios, namely; 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 0:1.The prepared adsorbents were activated at 60°C and then characterized by XRD and XRF. Mineralogical results showed that kaolin ...
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Synthesis and Characterization of Composite Material Based on Modified Phenolic Resin
Mahendrasinh Raj,
Lata Raj
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
84-90
Received:
2 April 2016
Accepted:
12 April 2016
Published:
11 May 2016
Abstract: Acid and base catalyzed polycondensationreaction of phenol and bisphenol A with crotonaldehyde and cardanol results in novolac and resol type phenolic resins. Phenolic oligomers are characterized by their viscosity, average molecular weight and FT-IR spectral studies. Glass reinforced composites of all phenolic oligomers were prepared. Composites are characterized by their synergetic thermal stability by Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimery (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical properties such as flexural strength, impact strength and hardness, chemical resistance, fibre content over a broad range of compositions. The thermal and curing behavior of the resins are found to vary markedly with the mole ratio and the purity of crotonaldehyde or cardanol. Composites prepared from these resin having very good mechanical properties.
Abstract: Acid and base catalyzed polycondensationreaction of phenol and bisphenol A with crotonaldehyde and cardanol results in novolac and resol type phenolic resins. Phenolic oligomers are characterized by their viscosity, average molecular weight and FT-IR spectral studies. Glass reinforced composites of all phenolic oligomers were prepared. Composites a...
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Betacarotenes Dosage by Hydrofluoric Acid Solution and Validation of This New Process by SPC
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara,
Phandry Nomena Ndjiva Rabearimihaja
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
91-96
Received:
11 April 2016
Accepted:
20 April 2016
Published:
13 May 2016
Abstract: The betacarotenes rate in a V volume extracted on unrefined palm oil by acetic acid solvent was given by dosage with hydrofluoric acid. This dosage of betacarotenes by hydrofluoric acid was investigated like a process. We used Statistical Process Control SPC to exploit the dosage results in V volume and we noticed that these data follow a normal distribution. That is to say, the dosage is statistically in control and ready to give results which respect the quality six sigma. Moreover, the exploitation of the data enable us to deduce that during the dosage only nine double combined connections of each betacarotene molecule participate in the addition reactions with nine H+/F- molecules to form a fluorinated betacarotene molecule.
Abstract: The betacarotenes rate in a V volume extracted on unrefined palm oil by acetic acid solvent was given by dosage with hydrofluoric acid. This dosage of betacarotenes by hydrofluoric acid was investigated like a process. We used Statistical Process Control SPC to exploit the dosage results in V volume and we noticed that these data follow a normal di...
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Synergized Plant Leave Extracts as Substitute to Toxic Additives in Alkyd Resin Primer for Corrosion Inhibition of Steel
Sodiya Ezekiel Folorunso,
Dawodu Folasegun Anthony,
Oyedele Adebayo Abidemi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
97-103
Received:
22 April 2016
Accepted:
4 May 2016
Published:
23 May 2016
Abstract: Inhibition of steel corrosion by synergized leave extracts of Sida acuta and Jatropha curcas as additives substitute to synthetic compounds in Alkyd based Primer coats was investigated in 1.0 M HCl using the gasometric technique at 30°C and 50°C. Results obtained showed that the extract alternative effectively inhibited corrosion of degalvanised steel more than the synthetic chemical. This was confirmed by optimum inhibition efficiency of 93% to 90% corrosion rate 0.202 cm3/hr to 0.337 cm3/hr of the extract to the synthetic compound. Activation energy and Energy of adsorption decrease with time. Fourier transform infra red analysis confirmed the presence of C=O of ester by the presence of C-O functional band at 1094 cm-1. Surface morphology of the steel with the synergized were studied with Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) which revealed the protection of the internal grains of the metal from dissolution into corrodent provided by the adsorbed film the extract.
Abstract: Inhibition of steel corrosion by synergized leave extracts of Sida acuta and Jatropha curcas as additives substitute to synthetic compounds in Alkyd based Primer coats was investigated in 1.0 M HCl using the gasometric technique at 30°C and 50°C. Results obtained showed that the extract alternative effectively inhibited corrosion of degalvanised st...
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Studies on Chemical Reactivity of p-aminophenyl Benzene-Fused Bis Tetrathiafulvalenes Through Quantum Chemical Approaches
Amel Bendjeddou,
Tahar Abbaz,
Abdelkrim Gouasmia,
Didier Villemin
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
104-110
Received:
15 May 2016
Accepted:
23 May 2016
Published:
1 June 2016
Abstract: The theoretical study on the molecular structure of a serie of p-aminophenyl benzene-fused bis tetrathiafulvalenes is presented. Optimized geometry of the title compound was calculated using DFT method at the level of B3LYP theory and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The HOMO and LUMO analysis were used to determine the charge transfer within the molecule and some molecular properties such as ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, chemical potential, hardness, softness and global electrophilicity index. Molecular electrostatic potential map was performed by the DFT method. The chemometric methods PCA and HCA were employed to find the subset of variables that could correctly classify the compounds according to their reactivity.
Abstract: The theoretical study on the molecular structure of a serie of p-aminophenyl benzene-fused bis tetrathiafulvalenes is presented. Optimized geometry of the title compound was calculated using DFT method at the level of B3LYP theory and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The HOMO and LUMO analysis were used to determine the charge transfer within the molecule and...
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Determination of Water Rate in Gas Oil and Fuel Oil by Extraction with Betacarotenes Molecules Using a Heavy Oil Clevenger Extractor, Process Validation by SPC
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara,
Phandry Nomena Ndjiva Rabearimihaja,
Nambinina Richard Randriana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
111-119
Received:
10 May 2016
Accepted:
23 May 2016
Published:
4 June 2016
Abstract: Water rate in hydrocarbons such as gas oil and fuel oil was determined by extraction with betacarotenes molecules at temperature between 120°C and 140°C using a heavy oil Clevenger extractor. This extraction was investigated like a process and the water rate data of gas oil and fuel oil was exploited using Statistical Process Control tools. We noticed that for gas oil and fuel oil, data follow a normal distribution. That is to say, this hydrocarbons water rate determination process by extraction with betacarotenes molecules using a heavy oil Clevenger extractor is statistically in control. So, the outcomes of the process can be accurately predicted depending on the volume of gas oil or fuel oil to be characterized. According to the Gas oil and fuel oil Total service specification target with heavy oil Clevenger extractor tolerance and standard deviation this water rate determination process is apt and able to produce water rate results with quality six sigma. The water rate in Malagasy station imported gas oil (800ml) and fuel oil (200ml) are respectively 0.1476ml and 0.475ml. We notice that after use the betacarotenes molecules are recycled.
Abstract: Water rate in hydrocarbons such as gas oil and fuel oil was determined by extraction with betacarotenes molecules at temperature between 120°C and 140°C using a heavy oil Clevenger extractor. This extraction was investigated like a process and the water rate data of gas oil and fuel oil was exploited using Statistical Process Control tools. We noti...
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