Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria

Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi; Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi; Eboagu Nkiru Charity

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12

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Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria

Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi, Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi, Eboagu Nkiru Charity

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 3)

Received: 4 May 2020 Accepted: 8 June 2020 Published: 4 July 2020

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Abstract

The understanding of chemical forms of heavy metals and how they associate with themselves is very essential in studying the potential mobility and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils. This study determined the spatial distribution and mobility of Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Fe in the soil samples of Onitsha South Local Government Area in South East Nigeria. The soil samples collected were examined for the heavy metal contamination using five-step sequential extraction method. The concentrations of the extracted metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The range of heavy metals extracted fractions for each of five fractions in percentages were as follows; exchangeables (0.0-3.5%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.49%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.03-4.14%), bound to organic matter (0.03-3.38%) and residual (0.0-86.70%) in wet season; exchangeables (0.0-3.94%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.80%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.09-5.19%), bound to organic matter (0.09-3.53%) and residual (0.0-126.00%) in dry season. Available heavy metals in the soil studied had mean values 0.52, 0.76, 1.21, 1.24, 1.40, 9.08 and 96.37 all in mgkg^-1 for Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Fe respectively for wet season while the mean values in dry season were 0.36, 1.21, 1.60, 1.82, 2.45, 11.54 and 143.54 all in mgkg^-1 for Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr and Fe respectively. Mobility factor were 0.22-47.90% in the two seasons, levels of heavy metals in available forms differ significantly though majority of the extracted toxic metals are found in oxides and the residual fractions and as such may not pose environmental risk due to their relatively low availability and mobility factor. That notwithstanding, soils from studied area should be carefully monitored to prevent the release of these metals due to redox reactions which may make them available to plants through absorption.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12
Page(s)	74-81
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Speciation, Potential Mobility, Soil, Heavy Metals

References

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Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi, Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi, Eboagu Nkiru Charity. (2020). Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 8(3), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12

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ACS Style

Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi; Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi; Eboagu Nkiru Charity. Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2020, 8(3), 74-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12

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AMA Style

Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi, Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi, Eboagu Nkiru Charity. Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria. Am J Appl Chem. 2020;8(3):74-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12,
  author = {Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi and Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi and Eboagu Nkiru Charity},
  title = {Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {74-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20200803.12},
  abstract = {The understanding of chemical forms of heavy metals and how they associate with themselves is very essential in studying the potential mobility and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils. This study determined the spatial distribution and mobility of Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Fe in the soil samples of Onitsha South Local Government Area in South East Nigeria. The soil samples collected were examined for the heavy metal contamination using five-step sequential extraction method. The concentrations of the extracted metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The range of heavy metals extracted fractions for each of five fractions in percentages were as follows; exchangeables (0.0-3.5%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.49%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.03-4.14%), bound to organic matter (0.03-3.38%) and residual (0.0-86.70%) in wet season; exchangeables (0.0-3.94%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.80%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.09-5.19%), bound to organic matter (0.09-3.53%) and residual (0.0-126.00%) in dry season. Available heavy metals in the soil studied had mean values 0.52, 0.76, 1.21, 1.24, 1.40, 9.08 and 96.37 all in mgkg-1 for Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Fe respectively for wet season while the mean values in dry season were 0.36, 1.21, 1.60, 1.82, 2.45, 11.54 and 143.54 all in mgkg-1 for Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr and Fe respectively. Mobility factor were 0.22-47.90% in the two seasons, levels of heavy metals in available forms differ significantly though majority of the extracted toxic metals are found in oxides and the residual fractions and as such may not pose environmental risk due to their relatively low availability and mobility factor. That notwithstanding, soils from studied area should be carefully monitored to prevent the release of these metals due to redox reactions which may make them available to plants through absorption.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria
AU  - Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi
AU  - Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi
AU  - Eboagu Nkiru Charity
Y1  - 2020/07/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 74
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12
AB  - The understanding of chemical forms of heavy metals and how they associate with themselves is very essential in studying the potential mobility and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils. This study determined the spatial distribution and mobility of Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Fe in the soil samples of Onitsha South Local Government Area in South East Nigeria. The soil samples collected were examined for the heavy metal contamination using five-step sequential extraction method. The concentrations of the extracted metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The range of heavy metals extracted fractions for each of five fractions in percentages were as follows; exchangeables (0.0-3.5%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.49%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.03-4.14%), bound to organic matter (0.03-3.38%) and residual (0.0-86.70%) in wet season; exchangeables (0.0-3.94%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.80%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.09-5.19%), bound to organic matter (0.09-3.53%) and residual (0.0-126.00%) in dry season. Available heavy metals in the soil studied had mean values 0.52, 0.76, 1.21, 1.24, 1.40, 9.08 and 96.37 all in mgkg-1 for Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Fe respectively for wet season while the mean values in dry season were 0.36, 1.21, 1.60, 1.82, 2.45, 11.54 and 143.54 all in mgkg-1 for Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr and Fe respectively. Mobility factor were 0.22-47.90% in the two seasons, levels of heavy metals in available forms differ significantly though majority of the extracted toxic metals are found in oxides and the residual fractions and as such may not pose environmental risk due to their relatively low availability and mobility factor. That notwithstanding, soils from studied area should be carefully monitored to prevent the release of these metals due to redox reactions which may make them available to plants through absorption.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Eboagu Nkiru Charity

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi, Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi, Eboagu Nkiru Charity. (2020). Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 8(3), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12

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ACS Style

Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi; Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi; Eboagu Nkiru Charity. Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2020, 8(3), 74-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12

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AMA Style

Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi, Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi, Eboagu Nkiru Charity. Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria. Am J Appl Chem. 2020;8(3):74-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12,
  author = {Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi and Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi and Eboagu Nkiru Charity},
  title = {Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {74-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20200803.12},
  abstract = {The understanding of chemical forms of heavy metals and how they associate with themselves is very essential in studying the potential mobility and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils. This study determined the spatial distribution and mobility of Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Fe in the soil samples of Onitsha South Local Government Area in South East Nigeria. The soil samples collected were examined for the heavy metal contamination using five-step sequential extraction method. The concentrations of the extracted metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The range of heavy metals extracted fractions for each of five fractions in percentages were as follows; exchangeables (0.0-3.5%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.49%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.03-4.14%), bound to organic matter (0.03-3.38%) and residual (0.0-86.70%) in wet season; exchangeables (0.0-3.94%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.80%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.09-5.19%), bound to organic matter (0.09-3.53%) and residual (0.0-126.00%) in dry season. Available heavy metals in the soil studied had mean values 0.52, 0.76, 1.21, 1.24, 1.40, 9.08 and 96.37 all in mgkg-1 for Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Fe respectively for wet season while the mean values in dry season were 0.36, 1.21, 1.60, 1.82, 2.45, 11.54 and 143.54 all in mgkg-1 for Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr and Fe respectively. Mobility factor were 0.22-47.90% in the two seasons, levels of heavy metals in available forms differ significantly though majority of the extracted toxic metals are found in oxides and the residual fractions and as such may not pose environmental risk due to their relatively low availability and mobility factor. That notwithstanding, soils from studied area should be carefully monitored to prevent the release of these metals due to redox reactions which may make them available to plants through absorption.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Onitsha South Local Government Area Anambra Nigeria
AU  - Ochiagha Kate Ekwutosi
AU  - Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi
AU  - Eboagu Nkiru Charity
Y1  - 2020/07/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 74
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200803.12
AB  - The understanding of chemical forms of heavy metals and how they associate with themselves is very essential in studying the potential mobility and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils. This study determined the spatial distribution and mobility of Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Fe in the soil samples of Onitsha South Local Government Area in South East Nigeria. The soil samples collected were examined for the heavy metal contamination using five-step sequential extraction method. The concentrations of the extracted metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The range of heavy metals extracted fractions for each of five fractions in percentages were as follows; exchangeables (0.0-3.5%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.49%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.03-4.14%), bound to organic matter (0.03-3.38%) and residual (0.0-86.70%) in wet season; exchangeables (0.0-3.94%), bound to carbonates (0.0-4.80%), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (0.09-5.19%), bound to organic matter (0.09-3.53%) and residual (0.0-126.00%) in dry season. Available heavy metals in the soil studied had mean values 0.52, 0.76, 1.21, 1.24, 1.40, 9.08 and 96.37 all in mgkg-1 for Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Fe respectively for wet season while the mean values in dry season were 0.36, 1.21, 1.60, 1.82, 2.45, 11.54 and 143.54 all in mgkg-1 for Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr and Fe respectively. Mobility factor were 0.22-47.90% in the two seasons, levels of heavy metals in available forms differ significantly though majority of the extracted toxic metals are found in oxides and the residual fractions and as such may not pose environmental risk due to their relatively low availability and mobility factor. That notwithstanding, soils from studied area should be carefully monitored to prevent the release of these metals due to redox reactions which may make them available to plants through absorption.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  -

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