Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu

Ebele Joy Morah; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo; Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu; Nkiruka Charity Eboagu; Ozioma Juliana Anekwe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12

Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu

Ebele Joy Morah, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo, Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu, Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, Ozioma Juliana Anekwe

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 20 April 2021 Accepted: 24 May 2021 Published: 16 June 2021

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Abstract

Industrial pollution by effluents is one of the major problems facing Nigerians at present and several efforts are being vigorously engaged to control it in the various industry spanning the length and breadth of the country to see that Nigerians live in a disease-free environment. Some heavy metals contained in these effluents from the industry have been found to be carcinogenic, toxic or poisonous to the environment (plants, animals and humans). This research paper investigates the heavy metal content of the effluent and soil samples in order to determine the level of toxicity and pollution by the metals to the environment. The elemental analysis of soil and effluent samples were conducted. The soil samples were sourced 2-metres distance away from the discharge point of the effluent. The soil samples were digested using aqua regia for the elemental analysis for the detection of ten different metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, calcium, zinc, sodium, mercury, iron and cobalt) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The values of the mean concentrations of the elements Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ca, Zn, Na, Hg, Fe and Co in both the soil and effluent samples showed excessive levels above the recommended standards for WHO and NESREA with the exception of Na, Ca and Zn. This indicates that the effluent was discharged without proper treatment. It is therefore recommended that adequate monitoring should be done through aggressive supervision on effluent treatment before discharge. Local raw materials such as activated carbon, coal, rice husk, saw dust and clay should be employed in the treatment of the effluent as they are readily available and cost- saving.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12
Page(s)	49-52
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Elemental Analysis, Soil Samples, Effluent Samples, Hermas Paint

References

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[2]	Berger, S. P (1998): The Paint Manufacturing Process. No. 1 pp 1-5.
[3]	Ibemesi J. A (1991); Paint Technology (Unpublished). Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka pp 27-38.
[4]	Ezeonu, E. (2003); Pollution and Industrial Wastes Management, Chemistry in Nigeria. 2 (2): 17-20.
[5]	Onuegbu, T. U; Ajiwe, V. I. E; Arinze R. U and Okoye, L. O. (2007); Analysis of Untreated Effluents from Guinness Brewery in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences. 10 (4): 7466-7473.
[6]	Womach, J.(2005); Water Supply and Sanitation in the United States. Congressional Research Service Document. CWA Sections 301, 306 and 307.
[7]	Sangodeyin, A. Y. (1995); Characteristics and Control of Industrial Effluent-generating Pollution. Journal of Environmental Management and Health. 6 (4): 15-18.
[8]	Ezeonu, E. (2005); Chemistry and Nigeria Economy, the Proceedings of the 28^th International Conference of the Chemical Society of Nigeria.
[9]	Ajiwe V. I. E., Mbeledogu, S. C; Ajiwe, C. C and Nnabuenra, H. O. (2008); Analysis of Micro and Macro Elements in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Soil, Anachem Journal, 3 (1): 434-438.
[10]	A Journal of Effluent-monitoring for the shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd, East (2004).
[11]	Isoa, U. S. (2000); Toxicological Aspect of Heavy Metal Pollution. Pearson Press Ltd. India, pp 10-15.
[12]	Malakootian, M., Almasi A., and Hossaini, H. (2008). Pb and Cd Removal from Paint Industries Effluent using Wood Ash. International Journal of Environmental Science Technology, 5 (2): 217-222.
[13]	World Health Organization (WHO) (1992) Health Hazard of Human Environment.
[14]	Igbokwe, P. K; Nwabanne, J. T. and Okolomike, R. O. (2008); Adsorption of Lead and Cadmium from Waste Water using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon, Anachem Journal, 2 (1): 237-244.
[15]	Ajiwe V. I. E (2009); Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, pp 4-11.
[16]	Needlemana, H. L and Berlinger, D.(2001); Studies of Lead Exposure and the Developing Central Nervous System: A Reply to Kanfman. Arah. Clinc. Neuropsych. 16 (4): 359-374.
[17]	Howard, H. M. D, M. P. H, S. D (2002). Human Health and Heavy metal, Exposure. MIT publication.
[18]	Abdus-salam, N. and Adekola, F. A (2005). The Influence of PH and Adsorbent Concentration on Adsorption of Lead and Zinc on a Natural Geothite. African journal of Science Technology, 6: 55-66.
[19]	Okonkwo, E. M. and Eboatu, A. N (1999); Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Book 2, Onis Excel Publishing Ltd. Zaria. pp 2-81, 113-140.
[20]	Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) (1991): National Guidelines and Standards for Industrial Effluents, Gaseous Emissions and Hazardous Waste Management in Nigeria. Federal Environmental Protection Agency, Lagos.
[21]	Goudie, A.(1994); The Human Impact on the Natural Environment: the M. I. T press. pp. 116-119.
[22]	Ademoroti, C. M. A (1998); Standard Methods for Water and Effluent Analysis, Foludex Press Ltd. Ibadan pp 20-121.
[23]	Williams, D. H and Fleming, I. (2000); Spectroscopic methods in Organic Chemistry, 3^rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK) Ltd. pp 35-73.
[24]	Akpuaka, M. U. (2009). Essentials of Natural Products Chemistry; Mason Publishers, Enugu Nigeria. pp 94-96.
[25]	Mukhopadhyay, R. and Datta, S.(2007); Environmental Chemistry, New Age International Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, pp 512-526.

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APA Style

Ebele Joy Morah, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo, Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu, Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, et al. (2021). Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 9(2), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12

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ACS Style

Ebele Joy Morah; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo; Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu; Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, et al. Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 9(2), 49-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12

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AMA Style

Ebele Joy Morah, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo, Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu, Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, et al. Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu. Am J Appl Chem. 2021;9(2):49-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12,
  author = {Ebele Joy Morah and Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe and Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo and Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu and Nkiruka Charity Eboagu and Ozioma Juliana Anekwe},
  title = {Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {49-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20210902.12},
  abstract = {Industrial pollution by effluents is one of the major problems facing Nigerians at present and several efforts are being vigorously engaged to control it in the various industry spanning the length and breadth of the country to see that Nigerians live in a disease-free environment. Some heavy metals contained in these effluents from the industry have been found to be carcinogenic, toxic or poisonous to the environment (plants, animals and humans). This research paper investigates the heavy metal content of the effluent and soil samples in order to determine the level of toxicity and pollution by the metals to the environment. The elemental analysis of soil and effluent samples were conducted. The soil samples were sourced 2-metres distance away from the discharge point of the effluent. The soil samples were digested using aqua regia for the elemental analysis for the detection of ten different metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, calcium, zinc, sodium, mercury, iron and cobalt) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The values of the mean concentrations of the elements Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ca, Zn, Na, Hg, Fe and Co in both the soil and effluent samples showed excessive levels above the recommended standards for WHO and NESREA with the exception of Na, Ca and Zn. This indicates that the effluent was discharged without proper treatment. It is therefore recommended that adequate monitoring should be done through aggressive supervision on effluent treatment before discharge. Local raw materials such as activated carbon, coal, rice husk, saw dust and clay should be employed in the treatment of the effluent as they are readily available and cost- saving.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu
AU  - Ebele Joy Morah
AU  - Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe
AU  - Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo
AU  - Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu
AU  - Nkiruka Charity Eboagu
AU  - Ozioma Juliana Anekwe
Y1  - 2021/06/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 49
EP  - 52
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12
AB  - Industrial pollution by effluents is one of the major problems facing Nigerians at present and several efforts are being vigorously engaged to control it in the various industry spanning the length and breadth of the country to see that Nigerians live in a disease-free environment. Some heavy metals contained in these effluents from the industry have been found to be carcinogenic, toxic or poisonous to the environment (plants, animals and humans). This research paper investigates the heavy metal content of the effluent and soil samples in order to determine the level of toxicity and pollution by the metals to the environment. The elemental analysis of soil and effluent samples were conducted. The soil samples were sourced 2-metres distance away from the discharge point of the effluent. The soil samples were digested using aqua regia for the elemental analysis for the detection of ten different metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, calcium, zinc, sodium, mercury, iron and cobalt) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The values of the mean concentrations of the elements Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ca, Zn, Na, Hg, Fe and Co in both the soil and effluent samples showed excessive levels above the recommended standards for WHO and NESREA with the exception of Na, Ca and Zn. This indicates that the effluent was discharged without proper treatment. It is therefore recommended that adequate monitoring should be done through aggressive supervision on effluent treatment before discharge. Local raw materials such as activated carbon, coal, rice husk, saw dust and clay should be employed in the treatment of the effluent as they are readily available and cost- saving.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ebele Joy Morah

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Nkiruka Charity Eboagu

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ozioma Juliana Anekwe

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ebele Joy Morah, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo, Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu, Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, et al. (2021). Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 9(2), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12

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ACS Style

Ebele Joy Morah; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo; Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu; Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, et al. Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 9(2), 49-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12

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AMA Style

Ebele Joy Morah, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo, Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu, Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, et al. Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu. Am J Appl Chem. 2021;9(2):49-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12,
  author = {Ebele Joy Morah and Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe and Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo and Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu and Nkiruka Charity Eboagu and Ozioma Juliana Anekwe},
  title = {Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {49-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20210902.12},
  abstract = {Industrial pollution by effluents is one of the major problems facing Nigerians at present and several efforts are being vigorously engaged to control it in the various industry spanning the length and breadth of the country to see that Nigerians live in a disease-free environment. Some heavy metals contained in these effluents from the industry have been found to be carcinogenic, toxic or poisonous to the environment (plants, animals and humans). This research paper investigates the heavy metal content of the effluent and soil samples in order to determine the level of toxicity and pollution by the metals to the environment. The elemental analysis of soil and effluent samples were conducted. The soil samples were sourced 2-metres distance away from the discharge point of the effluent. The soil samples were digested using aqua regia for the elemental analysis for the detection of ten different metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, calcium, zinc, sodium, mercury, iron and cobalt) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The values of the mean concentrations of the elements Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ca, Zn, Na, Hg, Fe and Co in both the soil and effluent samples showed excessive levels above the recommended standards for WHO and NESREA with the exception of Na, Ca and Zn. This indicates that the effluent was discharged without proper treatment. It is therefore recommended that adequate monitoring should be done through aggressive supervision on effluent treatment before discharge. Local raw materials such as activated carbon, coal, rice husk, saw dust and clay should be employed in the treatment of the effluent as they are readily available and cost- saving.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Elemental Analysis of Soil and Effluent Samples Sourced from Hermas Paint Industry, Enugwu-Ukwu
AU  - Ebele Joy Morah
AU  - Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe
AU  - Priscilla Chinwe Okonkwo
AU  - Blessing Chidimma Ikezuagu
AU  - Nkiruka Charity Eboagu
AU  - Ozioma Juliana Anekwe
Y1  - 2021/06/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 49
EP  - 52
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210902.12
AB  - Industrial pollution by effluents is one of the major problems facing Nigerians at present and several efforts are being vigorously engaged to control it in the various industry spanning the length and breadth of the country to see that Nigerians live in a disease-free environment. Some heavy metals contained in these effluents from the industry have been found to be carcinogenic, toxic or poisonous to the environment (plants, animals and humans). This research paper investigates the heavy metal content of the effluent and soil samples in order to determine the level of toxicity and pollution by the metals to the environment. The elemental analysis of soil and effluent samples were conducted. The soil samples were sourced 2-metres distance away from the discharge point of the effluent. The soil samples were digested using aqua regia for the elemental analysis for the detection of ten different metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, calcium, zinc, sodium, mercury, iron and cobalt) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The values of the mean concentrations of the elements Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ca, Zn, Na, Hg, Fe and Co in both the soil and effluent samples showed excessive levels above the recommended standards for WHO and NESREA with the exception of Na, Ca and Zn. This indicates that the effluent was discharged without proper treatment. It is therefore recommended that adequate monitoring should be done through aggressive supervision on effluent treatment before discharge. Local raw materials such as activated carbon, coal, rice husk, saw dust and clay should be employed in the treatment of the effluent as they are readily available and cost- saving.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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