Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent

Nambinina Richard Randriana; Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary; Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14

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Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent

Nambinina Richard Randriana, Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary, Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 6 June 2021 Accepted: 18 June 2021 Published: 25 June 2021

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Abstract

Trisodium citrate C₆H₅O₇Na₃ is one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals in the laboratory as raw materials to synthesize some metals-citricacid-oxides and also to control the acidity of certain substances and/or solutions; thus it is rare to find it in stock at suppliers. That was why synthesizing this product in laboratory came suddenly in the head and ended up being realized within certain experimental conditions such as: the synthesis was carried out at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure, the initial concentration of sodium hydroxide 4.38 twice higher was relatively in excess against citric acid and using ethanol-90° as solvent. It consisted of mixing citric acid with sodium hydroxide 99% purity, and ethanol 90% purity which served as a solvent. In fact, the two raw materials, citric acid and sodium hydroxide are all soluble in ethanol while the desired product trisodium citrate isn’t insoluble in this solvent-ethanol. The calculated initial pH of the raw materials solution was 15.21 and the solvent-ethanol quantities was evaluated so that eventual water molecules and eventual sodium ethoxide formed during the synthesis were soluble in it. Thus, all synthesized trisodium citrate crystals insoluble in ethanol were located at the bottom and separated. To quantify all these synthesized trisodium citrate-C₆H₅O₇Na₃ crystals, a titration procedure using hydrochloric acid HCl-0.1N was established. Application of this established titration procedure allowed to follow the reaction with time and consequently to evaluate the speed constant of this reaction synthesis of trisodium citrate-C₆H₅O₇Na₃ crystals under these previous experimental conditions which was equal to 1.56E-2 [L²×mol^-2×s^-1]. Also, the initial speed formation of synthesized sodium ethoxide was equal to 0.0027 [mol×l^-1×s^-1] and the citric acid conversion only after 30 minutes of reaction was 92.56%. The evaluation of this synthesized trisodium citrate crystals porosity was done by immersion in an isopropyl alcohol giving a value in the order of 48,67% and density equal to 1.79[g/cm³].

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14
Page(s)	83-89
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Trisodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Ethanol, Isopropyl Alcohol, Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrochloric Acid, Titration

References

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[10]	PubChem - “Sodium citrate” - https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-citrate
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[12]	WebBook de Chimie NIST, SRD 69 National Institute of Standard and Technology U.S Department of commerce “Enthalpy of formation of solid citric acid at standard conditions” - https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C77929&Mask=2
[13]	WebBook de Chimie NIST, SRD 69 National Institute of Standard and Technology U.S Department of commerce “Enthalpy of formation of solid sodium hydroxide at standard conditions” - https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C1310732&Mask=2
[14]	Alexander Apelblat – “Enthalpies of solution of citrates and hydrogen citrates of lithium, sodium, and potassium” - The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics Volume 26, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 49-51 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021961484710196
[15]	S. Bhattacharjee, San Diego State University “Enthalpy of formation of water” - https://www.ohio.edu/mechanical/thermo/property_tables/combustion/Enth_Formation.html
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[18]	Guidechem ICP - Guidechem-Chemical trading guide: “Trisodium citrate dehydrate” - https://www.guidechem.com/encyclopedia/trisodium-citrate-dihydrate-dic14078.html Copyright (2010 - 2020).
[19]	Mehdi Bagheri Farhoush Kiani Fardad Koohyar Nguyen Truong Khang Fatemeh Zabihi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran, Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Department of Physics, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran: “Measurement of refractive index and viscosity for aqueous solution of sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, trisodium citrate, (glycerol + sodium acetate), (glycerol + sodium carbonate), and (glycerol + trisodium citrate) at T = 293.15 to 303.15 K and atmospheric pressure” - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167732219363135
[20]	Bradley, Don C.; Mehrotra, Ram C.; Rothwell, Ian P.; Singh, A. (2001). Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives of Metals. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-048832-5.
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[22]	Gulaim A. Seisenbaev, Suresh Gohil, Evgeniy V. Suslova, Tatiana V. Rogova, Nataliya Ya. Turova, Vadim G. Kesslera The Synthesis of Iron(III) Ethoxide Revisited: Characterization of the Metathesis Products of Iron(III) Halides and Sodium Ethoxide. Department of Chemistry, SLU, Box 7015, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden and Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia.

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Nambinina Richard Randriana, Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary, Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara. (2021). Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 9(3), 83-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14

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ACS Style

Nambinina Richard Randriana; Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary; Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara. Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 9(3), 83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14

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AMA Style

Nambinina Richard Randriana, Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary, Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara. Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent. Am J Appl Chem. 2021;9(3):83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14,
  author = {Nambinina Richard Randriana and Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary and Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara},
  title = {Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {83-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20210903.14},
  abstract = {Trisodium citrate C6H5O7Na3 is one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals in the laboratory as raw materials to synthesize some metals-citricacid-oxides and also to control the acidity of certain substances and/or solutions; thus it is rare to find it in stock at suppliers. That was why synthesizing this product in laboratory came suddenly in the head and ended up being realized within certain experimental conditions such as: the synthesis was carried out at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure, the initial concentration of sodium hydroxide 4.38 twice higher was relatively in excess against citric acid and using ethanol-90° as solvent. It consisted of mixing citric acid with sodium hydroxide 99% purity, and ethanol 90% purity which served as a solvent. In fact, the two raw materials, citric acid and sodium hydroxide are all soluble in ethanol while the desired product trisodium citrate isn’t insoluble in this solvent-ethanol. The calculated initial pH of the raw materials solution was 15.21 and the solvent-ethanol quantities was evaluated so that eventual water molecules and eventual sodium ethoxide formed during the synthesis were soluble in it. Thus, all synthesized trisodium citrate crystals insoluble in ethanol were located at the bottom and separated. To quantify all these synthesized trisodium citrate-C6H5O7Na3 crystals, a titration procedure using hydrochloric acid HCl-0.1N was established. Application of this established titration procedure allowed to follow the reaction with time and consequently to evaluate the speed constant of this reaction synthesis of trisodium citrate-C6H5O7Na3 crystals under these previous experimental conditions which was equal to 1.56E-2 [L2×mol-2×s-1]. Also, the initial speed formation of synthesized sodium ethoxide was equal to 0.0027 [mol×l-1×s-1] and the citric acid conversion only after 30 minutes of reaction was 92.56%. The evaluation of this synthesized trisodium citrate crystals porosity was done by immersion in an isopropyl alcohol giving a value in the order of 48,67% and density equal to 1.79[g/cm3].},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent
AU  - Nambinina Richard Randriana
AU  - Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary
AU  - Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara
Y1  - 2021/06/25
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 83
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14
AB  - Trisodium citrate C6H5O7Na3 is one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals in the laboratory as raw materials to synthesize some metals-citricacid-oxides and also to control the acidity of certain substances and/or solutions; thus it is rare to find it in stock at suppliers. That was why synthesizing this product in laboratory came suddenly in the head and ended up being realized within certain experimental conditions such as: the synthesis was carried out at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure, the initial concentration of sodium hydroxide 4.38 twice higher was relatively in excess against citric acid and using ethanol-90° as solvent. It consisted of mixing citric acid with sodium hydroxide 99% purity, and ethanol 90% purity which served as a solvent. In fact, the two raw materials, citric acid and sodium hydroxide are all soluble in ethanol while the desired product trisodium citrate isn’t insoluble in this solvent-ethanol. The calculated initial pH of the raw materials solution was 15.21 and the solvent-ethanol quantities was evaluated so that eventual water molecules and eventual sodium ethoxide formed during the synthesis were soluble in it. Thus, all synthesized trisodium citrate crystals insoluble in ethanol were located at the bottom and separated. To quantify all these synthesized trisodium citrate-C6H5O7Na3 crystals, a titration procedure using hydrochloric acid HCl-0.1N was established. Application of this established titration procedure allowed to follow the reaction with time and consequently to evaluate the speed constant of this reaction synthesis of trisodium citrate-C6H5O7Na3 crystals under these previous experimental conditions which was equal to 1.56E-2 [L2×mol-2×s-1]. Also, the initial speed formation of synthesized sodium ethoxide was equal to 0.0027 [mol×l-1×s-1] and the citric acid conversion only after 30 minutes of reaction was 92.56%. The evaluation of this synthesized trisodium citrate crystals porosity was done by immersion in an isopropyl alcohol giving a value in the order of 48,67% and density equal to 1.79[g/cm3].
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Nambinina Richard Randriana

Chemical Process Engineering Department, Polytechnics Engineer School of Antananarivo, Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar
Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary

Chemical Process Engineering Department, Polytechnics Engineer School of Antananarivo, Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara

Chemical Process Engineering Department, Polytechnics Engineer School of Antananarivo, Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nambinina Richard Randriana, Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary, Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara. (2021). Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 9(3), 83-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14

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ACS Style

Nambinina Richard Randriana; Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary; Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara. Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 9(3), 83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14

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AMA Style

Nambinina Richard Randriana, Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary, Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara. Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent. Am J Appl Chem. 2021;9(3):83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14,
  author = {Nambinina Richard Randriana and Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary and Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara},
  title = {Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {83-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20210903.14},
  abstract = {Trisodium citrate C6H5O7Na3 is one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals in the laboratory as raw materials to synthesize some metals-citricacid-oxides and also to control the acidity of certain substances and/or solutions; thus it is rare to find it in stock at suppliers. That was why synthesizing this product in laboratory came suddenly in the head and ended up being realized within certain experimental conditions such as: the synthesis was carried out at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure, the initial concentration of sodium hydroxide 4.38 twice higher was relatively in excess against citric acid and using ethanol-90° as solvent. It consisted of mixing citric acid with sodium hydroxide 99% purity, and ethanol 90% purity which served as a solvent. In fact, the two raw materials, citric acid and sodium hydroxide are all soluble in ethanol while the desired product trisodium citrate isn’t insoluble in this solvent-ethanol. The calculated initial pH of the raw materials solution was 15.21 and the solvent-ethanol quantities was evaluated so that eventual water molecules and eventual sodium ethoxide formed during the synthesis were soluble in it. Thus, all synthesized trisodium citrate crystals insoluble in ethanol were located at the bottom and separated. To quantify all these synthesized trisodium citrate-C6H5O7Na3 crystals, a titration procedure using hydrochloric acid HCl-0.1N was established. Application of this established titration procedure allowed to follow the reaction with time and consequently to evaluate the speed constant of this reaction synthesis of trisodium citrate-C6H5O7Na3 crystals under these previous experimental conditions which was equal to 1.56E-2 [L2×mol-2×s-1]. Also, the initial speed formation of synthesized sodium ethoxide was equal to 0.0027 [mol×l-1×s-1] and the citric acid conversion only after 30 minutes of reaction was 92.56%. The evaluation of this synthesized trisodium citrate crystals porosity was done by immersion in an isopropyl alcohol giving a value in the order of 48,67% and density equal to 1.79[g/cm3].},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Trisodium Citrate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature Using Sodium Hydroxide Relatively in Excess and Citric Acid with Ethanol-90 as Solvent
AU  - Nambinina Richard Randriana
AU  - Avotra Marson Randrianomenjanahary
AU  - Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara
Y1  - 2021/06/25
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 83
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210903.14
AB  - Trisodium citrate C6H5O7Na3 is one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals in the laboratory as raw materials to synthesize some metals-citricacid-oxides and also to control the acidity of certain substances and/or solutions; thus it is rare to find it in stock at suppliers. That was why synthesizing this product in laboratory came suddenly in the head and ended up being realized within certain experimental conditions such as: the synthesis was carried out at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure, the initial concentration of sodium hydroxide 4.38 twice higher was relatively in excess against citric acid and using ethanol-90° as solvent. It consisted of mixing citric acid with sodium hydroxide 99% purity, and ethanol 90% purity which served as a solvent. In fact, the two raw materials, citric acid and sodium hydroxide are all soluble in ethanol while the desired product trisodium citrate isn’t insoluble in this solvent-ethanol. The calculated initial pH of the raw materials solution was 15.21 and the solvent-ethanol quantities was evaluated so that eventual water molecules and eventual sodium ethoxide formed during the synthesis were soluble in it. Thus, all synthesized trisodium citrate crystals insoluble in ethanol were located at the bottom and separated. To quantify all these synthesized trisodium citrate-C6H5O7Na3 crystals, a titration procedure using hydrochloric acid HCl-0.1N was established. Application of this established titration procedure allowed to follow the reaction with time and consequently to evaluate the speed constant of this reaction synthesis of trisodium citrate-C6H5O7Na3 crystals under these previous experimental conditions which was equal to 1.56E-2 [L2×mol-2×s-1]. Also, the initial speed formation of synthesized sodium ethoxide was equal to 0.0027 [mol×l-1×s-1] and the citric acid conversion only after 30 minutes of reaction was 92.56%. The evaluation of this synthesized trisodium citrate crystals porosity was done by immersion in an isopropyl alcohol giving a value in the order of 48,67% and density equal to 1.79[g/cm3].
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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