Agricultural wastes which include leaves, shells, husk, stalks, bagasse and ash of plants are often residues of processing or growing of raw agricultural products [1]. These wastes may contain materials that are beneficial to man despite their contribution to environmental pollution. Increase in human population has led to increase in agricultural expansion with exponential increase in waste generation [2]. Converting these wastes to useful forms is of great significance. In this study, biosilica was extracted from the ash of Borassus aethiopum leaves (BALA) and Raphia africana fruit shells (RASA) using precipitation method. The ashes obtained were characterized using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to characterize the extracted silica. Morphology of the extracted biosilica using SEM revealed fine globules of various sizes formed from aggregates of biosilica at different magnifications: 150x, 500x and 1000x. FTIR spectra of the extracted biosilica revealed the presence of hydroxyl (OH), silanol (Si-O-H) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) functional groups recorded at absorption bands: 3395.6, 1636.3 and 1062.3 cm-1 respectively for BALA and 3388.2, 1640.0 and 1058.6 cm-1 respectively for RASA. XRF of the extracted biosilica showed two major peaks which correspond to the presence of silicon and oxygen atoms respectively. Percentage extraction of biosilica from the two precursors was between 70-90%. AAS result revealed that BALA had biosilica 67% while RASA showed 82% biosilica content. This study revealed that the leaves of BALA and fruit shells of RASA are good sources of silica and as such, converting waste to wealth thereby reducing green-house gases like CO2 released into the atmosphere when left to decompose naturally.
| Published in | American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 5) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13 |
| Page(s) | 138-144 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Biosilica, Borassus aethiopum, Leaves, Raphia Africana, Fruit Shells, Ash, Extraction, Characterization
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APA Style
Esther Nguumbur Iornumbe, Orseer Sarwuan, Raymond Ahulle Wuana. (2021). Extraction and Characterization of Biosilica from Raphia Africana Fruit Shells and Borassus aethiopum Leaves. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 9(5), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13
ACS Style
Esther Nguumbur Iornumbe; Orseer Sarwuan; Raymond Ahulle Wuana. Extraction and Characterization of Biosilica from Raphia Africana Fruit Shells and Borassus aethiopum Leaves. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 9(5), 138-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13
AMA Style
Esther Nguumbur Iornumbe, Orseer Sarwuan, Raymond Ahulle Wuana. Extraction and Characterization of Biosilica from Raphia Africana Fruit Shells and Borassus aethiopum Leaves. Am J Appl Chem. 2021;9(5):138-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13,
author = {Esther Nguumbur Iornumbe and Orseer Sarwuan and Raymond Ahulle Wuana},
title = {Extraction and Characterization of Biosilica from Raphia Africana Fruit Shells and Borassus aethiopum Leaves},
journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {138-144},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20210905.13},
abstract = {Agricultural wastes which include leaves, shells, husk, stalks, bagasse and ash of plants are often residues of processing or growing of raw agricultural products [1]. These wastes may contain materials that are beneficial to man despite their contribution to environmental pollution. Increase in human population has led to increase in agricultural expansion with exponential increase in waste generation [2]. Converting these wastes to useful forms is of great significance. In this study, biosilica was extracted from the ash of Borassus aethiopum leaves (BALA) and Raphia africana fruit shells (RASA) using precipitation method. The ashes obtained were characterized using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to characterize the extracted silica. Morphology of the extracted biosilica using SEM revealed fine globules of various sizes formed from aggregates of biosilica at different magnifications: 150x, 500x and 1000x. FTIR spectra of the extracted biosilica revealed the presence of hydroxyl (OH), silanol (Si-O-H) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) functional groups recorded at absorption bands: 3395.6, 1636.3 and 1062.3 cm-1 respectively for BALA and 3388.2, 1640.0 and 1058.6 cm-1 respectively for RASA. XRF of the extracted biosilica showed two major peaks which correspond to the presence of silicon and oxygen atoms respectively. Percentage extraction of biosilica from the two precursors was between 70-90%. AAS result revealed that BALA had biosilica 67% while RASA showed 82% biosilica content. This study revealed that the leaves of BALA and fruit shells of RASA are good sources of silica and as such, converting waste to wealth thereby reducing green-house gases like CO2 released into the atmosphere when left to decompose naturally.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction and Characterization of Biosilica from Raphia Africana Fruit Shells and Borassus aethiopum Leaves AU - Esther Nguumbur Iornumbe AU - Orseer Sarwuan AU - Raymond Ahulle Wuana Y1 - 2021/09/23 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13 T2 - American Journal of Applied Chemistry JF - American Journal of Applied Chemistry JO - American Journal of Applied Chemistry SP - 138 EP - 144 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8745 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20210905.13 AB - Agricultural wastes which include leaves, shells, husk, stalks, bagasse and ash of plants are often residues of processing or growing of raw agricultural products [1]. These wastes may contain materials that are beneficial to man despite their contribution to environmental pollution. Increase in human population has led to increase in agricultural expansion with exponential increase in waste generation [2]. Converting these wastes to useful forms is of great significance. In this study, biosilica was extracted from the ash of Borassus aethiopum leaves (BALA) and Raphia africana fruit shells (RASA) using precipitation method. The ashes obtained were characterized using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to characterize the extracted silica. Morphology of the extracted biosilica using SEM revealed fine globules of various sizes formed from aggregates of biosilica at different magnifications: 150x, 500x and 1000x. FTIR spectra of the extracted biosilica revealed the presence of hydroxyl (OH), silanol (Si-O-H) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) functional groups recorded at absorption bands: 3395.6, 1636.3 and 1062.3 cm-1 respectively for BALA and 3388.2, 1640.0 and 1058.6 cm-1 respectively for RASA. XRF of the extracted biosilica showed two major peaks which correspond to the presence of silicon and oxygen atoms respectively. Percentage extraction of biosilica from the two precursors was between 70-90%. AAS result revealed that BALA had biosilica 67% while RASA showed 82% biosilica content. This study revealed that the leaves of BALA and fruit shells of RASA are good sources of silica and as such, converting waste to wealth thereby reducing green-house gases like CO2 released into the atmosphere when left to decompose naturally. VL - 9 IS - 5 ER -
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