Aqueous solutions are frequently used in chemical technology. So numerous reference books contain basic data on major properties of binary electrolyte solutions. Usually they include densities, molar or molal concentrations, activity coefficients, water activities and sometimes osmotic coefficients. Unfortunately, most solutions are mixed ones. Therefore, it is necessary to use data of binary solutions in order to calculate thermodynamic properties of mixed solutions. For example, the aqueous phase in extraction reprocessing of nuclear reactor fuel can be considered as mixed solution of nitric acid and uranyl nitrate in first approximation. Thus, in order to calculate equilibrium during extraction of uranium with TBP it is necessary to create calculations algorithm of activity coefficients of uranyl nitrate and nitric acid with different ratios of their concentrations. Usually the integration of Gibbs-Duhem equation with some conditions is used. The first ones to offer this approach were Mc Kay and Perring in 1953. Practical implementation shows that it is recommended to integrate the equation under isopiestic conditions, meaning under constant osmotic coefficients. Zdanoskiy’s rule states, that the sum of ratios of molal concentrations in mixed solution to molal concentrations in binary solutions is equal to 1. Mikulin’s equations for the systems that abide by Zdanovskiy’s rule allow calculations of molal coefficients of activity for such systems. Molal activity coefficients of nitrate uranyl (0.1-2.0 mole/kg) and nitric acid (0-5.0 mole/kg) in mixed solutions have been calculated using Zdanovskiy’s rule and Mikulin·s equations. Analytical equations were found in order to calculate these values under different concentrations. Literature data of activity coefficients for binary solutions can be combined with calculation results from equations.
| Published in | American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-6 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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Uranyl Nitrate, Nitric Acid, Mixed Solutions, Activity Coefficients, Extraction, TBP
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| [11] | Mikulin, G. I., Voznesenskaya, I. E. Theory of mixed solutions of electrolytes, acting in accordance with Zdanovskii’s rule. In: Mikulin, G. I. (ed.) Problems of Physical Chemistry of Electrolyte Solutions, pp. 304–329. Chemistry Publishing Company, Leningrad (1968). |
| [12] | Colon C. F. J., Moffat H. K., Rao R. R. Modeling of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) equilibria using Gibbs energy minimization (GEM) for the system TBP-HNO3-UO2-H2O-diluent // Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. – 2013. – V. 32. – P. 634-651. |
| [13] | Voznesenskaya, I. E., Mikulin, G. I.: Tables of water activity in solutions of strong electrolytes at 25°C. In: Mikulin, G. I. (ed.) Problems of Physical Chemistry of Electrolyte Solutions, pp. 346–360. Chemistry Publishing Company, Leningrad (1968). |
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APA Style
Alexander Ochkin, Alexey Merkushkin, Dmitriy Gladilov. (2022). Activity Coefficients of Nitrate Uranyl and Nitric Acid in Mixed Solutions. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 10(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11
ACS Style
Alexander Ochkin; Alexey Merkushkin; Dmitriy Gladilov. Activity Coefficients of Nitrate Uranyl and Nitric Acid in Mixed Solutions. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2022, 10(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11
AMA Style
Alexander Ochkin, Alexey Merkushkin, Dmitriy Gladilov. Activity Coefficients of Nitrate Uranyl and Nitric Acid in Mixed Solutions. Am J Appl Chem. 2022;10(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11,
author = {Alexander Ochkin and Alexey Merkushkin and Dmitriy Gladilov},
title = {Activity Coefficients of Nitrate Uranyl and Nitric Acid in Mixed Solutions},
journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20221001.11},
abstract = {Aqueous solutions are frequently used in chemical technology. So numerous reference books contain basic data on major properties of binary electrolyte solutions. Usually they include densities, molar or molal concentrations, activity coefficients, water activities and sometimes osmotic coefficients. Unfortunately, most solutions are mixed ones. Therefore, it is necessary to use data of binary solutions in order to calculate thermodynamic properties of mixed solutions. For example, the aqueous phase in extraction reprocessing of nuclear reactor fuel can be considered as mixed solution of nitric acid and uranyl nitrate in first approximation. Thus, in order to calculate equilibrium during extraction of uranium with TBP it is necessary to create calculations algorithm of activity coefficients of uranyl nitrate and nitric acid with different ratios of their concentrations. Usually the integration of Gibbs-Duhem equation with some conditions is used. The first ones to offer this approach were Mc Kay and Perring in 1953. Practical implementation shows that it is recommended to integrate the equation under isopiestic conditions, meaning under constant osmotic coefficients. Zdanoskiy’s rule states, that the sum of ratios of molal concentrations in mixed solution to molal concentrations in binary solutions is equal to 1. Mikulin’s equations for the systems that abide by Zdanovskiy’s rule allow calculations of molal coefficients of activity for such systems. Molal activity coefficients of nitrate uranyl (0.1-2.0 mole/kg) and nitric acid (0-5.0 mole/kg) in mixed solutions have been calculated using Zdanovskiy’s rule and Mikulin·s equations. Analytical equations were found in order to calculate these values under different concentrations. Literature data of activity coefficients for binary solutions can be combined with calculation results from equations.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Activity Coefficients of Nitrate Uranyl and Nitric Acid in Mixed Solutions AU - Alexander Ochkin AU - Alexey Merkushkin AU - Dmitriy Gladilov Y1 - 2022/01/12 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11 T2 - American Journal of Applied Chemistry JF - American Journal of Applied Chemistry JO - American Journal of Applied Chemistry SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8745 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20221001.11 AB - Aqueous solutions are frequently used in chemical technology. So numerous reference books contain basic data on major properties of binary electrolyte solutions. Usually they include densities, molar or molal concentrations, activity coefficients, water activities and sometimes osmotic coefficients. Unfortunately, most solutions are mixed ones. Therefore, it is necessary to use data of binary solutions in order to calculate thermodynamic properties of mixed solutions. For example, the aqueous phase in extraction reprocessing of nuclear reactor fuel can be considered as mixed solution of nitric acid and uranyl nitrate in first approximation. Thus, in order to calculate equilibrium during extraction of uranium with TBP it is necessary to create calculations algorithm of activity coefficients of uranyl nitrate and nitric acid with different ratios of their concentrations. Usually the integration of Gibbs-Duhem equation with some conditions is used. The first ones to offer this approach were Mc Kay and Perring in 1953. Practical implementation shows that it is recommended to integrate the equation under isopiestic conditions, meaning under constant osmotic coefficients. Zdanoskiy’s rule states, that the sum of ratios of molal concentrations in mixed solution to molal concentrations in binary solutions is equal to 1. Mikulin’s equations for the systems that abide by Zdanovskiy’s rule allow calculations of molal coefficients of activity for such systems. Molal activity coefficients of nitrate uranyl (0.1-2.0 mole/kg) and nitric acid (0-5.0 mole/kg) in mixed solutions have been calculated using Zdanovskiy’s rule and Mikulin·s equations. Analytical equations were found in order to calculate these values under different concentrations. Literature data of activity coefficients for binary solutions can be combined with calculation results from equations. VL - 10 IS - 1 ER -
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