Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (<i>Coffea arabica L. </i>) in Ethiopia: A Review

Bealu Girma; Kasahun Wale

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11

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Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review

Bealu Girma, Kasahun Wale

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 26 June 2023 Accepted: 14 July 2023 Published: 21 July 2023

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Abstract

Coffee is a widely consumed beverage and is the second most traded commodity globally after petroleum. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the analytical and instrumental methods employed in Ethiopia to determine the concentrations of essential and toxic heavy metals in coffee. Several studies have been conducted to determine the concentrations of these metals in Ethiopian coffee, using various spectroscopic techniques, namely flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), direct mercury analyzer (DMA), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectroscopy. The results of these studies indicate that the concentrations of essential metals such as K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were within the permissible limits established by international organizations. Conversely, the concentration of nonessential metals, namely Pb, Cd, and Cr, was either below the detection limits or within the maximum permissible limits set by international organizations. Specifically, the concentration of essential and toxic metals present in coffee beans was found to be within the permissible limits established by international organizations, which is crucial for the nutritional value of coffee as well as the safety of consumers. These findings suggest that Ethiopian coffee is generally safe for human consumption in terms of metal content. Furthermore, significant differences were detected in the elemental composition of coffee samples obtained from different regions of Ethiopia. The elemental composition of coffee samples varies among different regions of Ethiopia. indicate that the geographical origin of coffee may be distinguished based on its elemental profile. This information can be useful for the authentication of the coffee origin, which is a critical aspect of maintaining the quality and authenticity of Ethiopian coffee.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11
Page(s)	95-102
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coffee, Essential, Ethiopia, Heavy Metals, Non-Essential, Quality, Safety, Toxic

References

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Bealu Girma, Kasahun Wale. (2023). Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 11(4), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11

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ACS Style

Bealu Girma; Kasahun Wale. Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2023, 11(4), 95-102. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11

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AMA Style

Bealu Girma, Kasahun Wale. Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review. Am J Appl Chem. 2023;11(4):95-102. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11,
  author = {Bealu Girma and Kasahun Wale},
  title = {Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {95-102},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20231104.11},
  abstract = {Coffee is a widely consumed beverage and is the second most traded commodity globally after petroleum. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the analytical and instrumental methods employed in Ethiopia to determine the concentrations of essential and toxic heavy metals in coffee. Several studies have been conducted to determine the concentrations of these metals in Ethiopian coffee, using various spectroscopic techniques, namely flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), direct mercury analyzer (DMA), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectroscopy. The results of these studies indicate that the concentrations of essential metals such as K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were within the permissible limits established by international organizations. Conversely, the concentration of nonessential metals, namely Pb, Cd, and Cr, was either below the detection limits or within the maximum permissible limits set by international organizations. Specifically, the concentration of essential and toxic metals present in coffee beans was found to be within the permissible limits established by international organizations, which is crucial for the nutritional value of coffee as well as the safety of consumers. These findings suggest that Ethiopian coffee is generally safe for human consumption in terms of metal content. Furthermore, significant differences were detected in the elemental composition of coffee samples obtained from different regions of Ethiopia. The elemental composition of coffee samples varies among different regions of Ethiopia. indicate that the geographical origin of coffee may be distinguished based on its elemental profile. This information can be useful for the authentication of the coffee origin, which is a critical aspect of maintaining the quality and authenticity of Ethiopian coffee.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review
AU  - Bealu Girma
AU  - Kasahun Wale
Y1  - 2023/07/21
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 95
EP  - 102
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11
AB  - Coffee is a widely consumed beverage and is the second most traded commodity globally after petroleum. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the analytical and instrumental methods employed in Ethiopia to determine the concentrations of essential and toxic heavy metals in coffee. Several studies have been conducted to determine the concentrations of these metals in Ethiopian coffee, using various spectroscopic techniques, namely flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), direct mercury analyzer (DMA), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectroscopy. The results of these studies indicate that the concentrations of essential metals such as K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were within the permissible limits established by international organizations. Conversely, the concentration of nonessential metals, namely Pb, Cd, and Cr, was either below the detection limits or within the maximum permissible limits set by international organizations. Specifically, the concentration of essential and toxic metals present in coffee beans was found to be within the permissible limits established by international organizations, which is crucial for the nutritional value of coffee as well as the safety of consumers. These findings suggest that Ethiopian coffee is generally safe for human consumption in terms of metal content. Furthermore, significant differences were detected in the elemental composition of coffee samples obtained from different regions of Ethiopia. The elemental composition of coffee samples varies among different regions of Ethiopia. indicate that the geographical origin of coffee may be distinguished based on its elemental profile. This information can be useful for the authentication of the coffee origin, which is a critical aspect of maintaining the quality and authenticity of Ethiopian coffee.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Bealu Girma

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Research Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Kasahun Wale

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Research Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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Bealu Girma, Kasahun Wale. (2023). Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 11(4), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11

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ACS Style

Bealu Girma; Kasahun Wale. Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2023, 11(4), 95-102. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11

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AMA Style

Bealu Girma, Kasahun Wale. Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review. Am J Appl Chem. 2023;11(4):95-102. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11,
  author = {Bealu Girma and Kasahun Wale},
  title = {Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {95-102},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20231104.11},
  abstract = {Coffee is a widely consumed beverage and is the second most traded commodity globally after petroleum. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the analytical and instrumental methods employed in Ethiopia to determine the concentrations of essential and toxic heavy metals in coffee. Several studies have been conducted to determine the concentrations of these metals in Ethiopian coffee, using various spectroscopic techniques, namely flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), direct mercury analyzer (DMA), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectroscopy. The results of these studies indicate that the concentrations of essential metals such as K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were within the permissible limits established by international organizations. Conversely, the concentration of nonessential metals, namely Pb, Cd, and Cr, was either below the detection limits or within the maximum permissible limits set by international organizations. Specifically, the concentration of essential and toxic metals present in coffee beans was found to be within the permissible limits established by international organizations, which is crucial for the nutritional value of coffee as well as the safety of consumers. These findings suggest that Ethiopian coffee is generally safe for human consumption in terms of metal content. Furthermore, significant differences were detected in the elemental composition of coffee samples obtained from different regions of Ethiopia. The elemental composition of coffee samples varies among different regions of Ethiopia. indicate that the geographical origin of coffee may be distinguished based on its elemental profile. This information can be useful for the authentication of the coffee origin, which is a critical aspect of maintaining the quality and authenticity of Ethiopian coffee.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analytical Methods for Determining Metals Concentrations in Coffee (Coffea arabica L. ) in Ethiopia: A Review
AU  - Bealu Girma
AU  - Kasahun Wale
Y1  - 2023/07/21
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 95
EP  - 102
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.11
AB  - Coffee is a widely consumed beverage and is the second most traded commodity globally after petroleum. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the analytical and instrumental methods employed in Ethiopia to determine the concentrations of essential and toxic heavy metals in coffee. Several studies have been conducted to determine the concentrations of these metals in Ethiopian coffee, using various spectroscopic techniques, namely flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), direct mercury analyzer (DMA), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectroscopy. The results of these studies indicate that the concentrations of essential metals such as K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were within the permissible limits established by international organizations. Conversely, the concentration of nonessential metals, namely Pb, Cd, and Cr, was either below the detection limits or within the maximum permissible limits set by international organizations. Specifically, the concentration of essential and toxic metals present in coffee beans was found to be within the permissible limits established by international organizations, which is crucial for the nutritional value of coffee as well as the safety of consumers. These findings suggest that Ethiopian coffee is generally safe for human consumption in terms of metal content. Furthermore, significant differences were detected in the elemental composition of coffee samples obtained from different regions of Ethiopia. The elemental composition of coffee samples varies among different regions of Ethiopia. indicate that the geographical origin of coffee may be distinguished based on its elemental profile. This information can be useful for the authentication of the coffee origin, which is a critical aspect of maintaining the quality and authenticity of Ethiopian coffee.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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