Cronobacter sakazakii formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii, is a bacterium with a rare cause but often fatal infection of the bloodstream and central nervous system. Infants with weakened immune systems, particularly premature infants, are most likely to contact a Cronobacter infection, although the bacteria have caused illnesses in all age groups. Most cases of C. sakazakii infection come from powdered infant formula (PIF) contaminated with the bacterium. Although relatively little information is known about the existence of Cronobacter in the environment, more reservoirs are being identified, such as water, soil and plant material. Wastewaters from 6 pharmaceutical industries located in a south-western state in Nigeria were sampled and analyzed. Bacteria were isolated using standard methods and species identification was determined by Gram staining, lactose fermentation, oxidase, catalase and Vitek 2. Antibacterial susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents was tested by the disc diffusion method and Vitek 2. Fifty nine Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified; one was identified as C. sakazakii. The bacterium was susceptible to all antibiotic mentioned but resistant to augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) and colistin which are high potent drugs for the treatment of very stubborn infections. The public health implication of this fact is that this bacterium could be harbouring resistant genes that can be transferred through water ways such as the pharmaceutical wastewaters to bacteria of the same or different species of clinical importance. Therefore, continuous surveillance of the environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria is necessary to prevent their further spread.
| Published in | American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-9 |
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group |
C. Sakazakii, Colistin, Augmentin, Pharmaceutical Wastewater
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APA Style
Avemaria Obasi, Simon Cyril Nwachukwu, Esther Ugoji. (2018). First Detection of Augmentin and Colistin Resistant Cronobacter Sakazakii from a Pharmaceutical Wastewater in South-Western Nigeria. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 2(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11
ACS Style
Avemaria Obasi; Simon Cyril Nwachukwu; Esther Ugoji. First Detection of Augmentin and Colistin Resistant Cronobacter Sakazakii from a Pharmaceutical Wastewater in South-Western Nigeria. Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2018, 2(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11
AMA Style
Avemaria Obasi, Simon Cyril Nwachukwu, Esther Ugoji. First Detection of Augmentin and Colistin Resistant Cronobacter Sakazakii from a Pharmaceutical Wastewater in South-Western Nigeria. Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2018;2(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11,
author = {Avemaria Obasi and Simon Cyril Nwachukwu and Esther Ugoji},
title = {First Detection of Augmentin and Colistin Resistant Cronobacter Sakazakii from a Pharmaceutical Wastewater in South-Western Nigeria},
journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20180201.11},
abstract = {Cronobacter sakazakii formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii, is a bacterium with a rare cause but often fatal infection of the bloodstream and central nervous system. Infants with weakened immune systems, particularly premature infants, are most likely to contact a Cronobacter infection, although the bacteria have caused illnesses in all age groups. Most cases of C. sakazakii infection come from powdered infant formula (PIF) contaminated with the bacterium. Although relatively little information is known about the existence of Cronobacter in the environment, more reservoirs are being identified, such as water, soil and plant material. Wastewaters from 6 pharmaceutical industries located in a south-western state in Nigeria were sampled and analyzed. Bacteria were isolated using standard methods and species identification was determined by Gram staining, lactose fermentation, oxidase, catalase and Vitek 2. Antibacterial susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents was tested by the disc diffusion method and Vitek 2. Fifty nine Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified; one was identified as C. sakazakii. The bacterium was susceptible to all antibiotic mentioned but resistant to augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) and colistin which are high potent drugs for the treatment of very stubborn infections. The public health implication of this fact is that this bacterium could be harbouring resistant genes that can be transferred through water ways such as the pharmaceutical wastewaters to bacteria of the same or different species of clinical importance. Therefore, continuous surveillance of the environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria is necessary to prevent their further spread.},
year = {2018}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - First Detection of Augmentin and Colistin Resistant Cronobacter Sakazakii from a Pharmaceutical Wastewater in South-Western Nigeria AU - Avemaria Obasi AU - Simon Cyril Nwachukwu AU - Esther Ugoji Y1 - 2018/06/12 PY - 2018 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11 T2 - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering JF - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering JO - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2639-9989 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.11 AB - Cronobacter sakazakii formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii, is a bacterium with a rare cause but often fatal infection of the bloodstream and central nervous system. Infants with weakened immune systems, particularly premature infants, are most likely to contact a Cronobacter infection, although the bacteria have caused illnesses in all age groups. Most cases of C. sakazakii infection come from powdered infant formula (PIF) contaminated with the bacterium. Although relatively little information is known about the existence of Cronobacter in the environment, more reservoirs are being identified, such as water, soil and plant material. Wastewaters from 6 pharmaceutical industries located in a south-western state in Nigeria were sampled and analyzed. Bacteria were isolated using standard methods and species identification was determined by Gram staining, lactose fermentation, oxidase, catalase and Vitek 2. Antibacterial susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents was tested by the disc diffusion method and Vitek 2. Fifty nine Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified; one was identified as C. sakazakii. The bacterium was susceptible to all antibiotic mentioned but resistant to augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) and colistin which are high potent drugs for the treatment of very stubborn infections. The public health implication of this fact is that this bacterium could be harbouring resistant genes that can be transferred through water ways such as the pharmaceutical wastewaters to bacteria of the same or different species of clinical importance. Therefore, continuous surveillance of the environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria is necessary to prevent their further spread. VL - 2 IS - 1 ER -
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