Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon; Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth; Afolayan Joel Tobi; Adeloye Olalekan Michael

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11

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Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon, Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth, Afolayan Joel Tobi, Adeloye Olalekan Michael

Published in American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 9 August 2021 Accepted: 20 August 2021 Published: 31 August 2021

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Abstract

Industrial production of vegetable oil from palm kernel seed operational process was analysed in this research study with the extractor unit as the main focus of the study. The extractor unit consist of nine operational stages, which was modeled by applying the principle of the law of conservation of mass and energy respectively. The developed models were a set of ordinary differential equations, which were solved by using MatLab ODE 45 solver by applying industrial extractor plant data of Vegetable Oil Production Company. The developed models’ results were compared with the industrial extractor plant data in terms of mass fraction of oil and temperature of the raffinate and mass fraction of oil and temperature of the extract and these yielded an absolute percentage error (deviation) of 7.0, 9.52, 3.29 and 2.29 respectively. Thus, the deviations are within the acceptable limits, which shows that the developed models predicts adequately the extraction process of vegetable oil production. In addition, the effects of mass flow rates of raffinate and extraction solvent were studied with increase in mass flow rate of raffinate reduces contact time between extraction solvent and the cake thereby reducing the efficiency of the extraction process with maximum amount of oil been extracted at the minimum flow rate of 300Kg/hr.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11
Page(s)	41-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Extractor unit, Raffinate (Cake), Extract (Miscella), Counter Current Mode, Extraction Solvent, MatLab ODE45

References

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[2]	Sharma, M., Mondal, A. K. & Gupta, S. K. (2011). Production and Trade of Major World Oil Crops. In Technological Innovations in Major World Oil Crops. New York, USA: Springer: Publishing.
[3]	Bhuiya, M. M. K., Rasul, M. G., Khan, M. M. K., Ashwath, N., Azad, A. K. & Mofijur, M. (2015) Optimisation of Oil Extraction Process from Australian Native Beauty Leaf Seed (Calophyllum inophyllum). Energy Procedia 2015, 75, 56–61.
[4]	Erna, S., Robert, M., Hero, J. H. & Antonius, A. B. (2015). Optimization of Mechanical Oil Extraction from Jatropha curcas L. kernel using Response Surface Method. Industrial Crops & Products, 63, 294–302.
[5]	Akinoso, R., Aboaba, S. A. & Olajide, W. O. (2011). Optimization of Roasting Temperature and Time during Oil Extraction from Orange (citrus sinensis) Seeds: A Response Surface Methodology Approach. African Journal of Food, Agrculture, Nutrition and Development, 11, 5300–5317.
[6]	Nde, D. B. & Foncha, A. C. (2020). Optimization Methods for the Extraction of Vegetable Oils: A Review. Processes, 8, 2, 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8020209.
[7]	Akindele, F. A. & Nsuhoridem, I. J. (2018). Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Agricultural Materials. A Review. Proceedings of the 12^th CIGR Section VI International Symposium held at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 22-25 October 2018.
[8]	Evelien U. & Philippe, E. (2017). Twin Screw Extrusion Technology for Vegetable Oil Extraction: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 212, 190-200.
[9]	Gutte, K. B., Akshaya, K. S. & Rahul, C. R. (2015). Extract of Ultrasonic Treatment on Extraction and Fatty Acid Profile of Flaxseed Oil. Oil Seed and Fat, Crops and Lipid, 22, D606.
[10]	Farah, S. H., Rinani, S. A. R., Masniza, M. & Nor, F. H. (2013). Enzyme Assisted Aqueous Extraction and Phenolic Antioxidants of Onion Oil. International Journal of Science, Environment & Technology, 2, 949–955.
[11]	Alenyorege E. A., Hussein Y. A. & Adongo T. A. (2015). Extraction Yield, Efficiency and Loss of the Traditional Hot Water Floatation (HWF) Method of Oil Extraction from the Seeds of Allanblackia Floribunda. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4, 2, 50-59.
[12]	Haitham, O., Ihab, S. & Abubakr, E. (2016). Optimization of Sesame Seeds Oil Extraction Operating Conditions using the Response Surface Design Methodology. Scientific Study and Research, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Food Science and Food Technology, 17, 335–347.
[13]	Balaji, P.; Sanjay, D. & Munish, S. (2014). Optimization of Oil Extraction and Characterization from Tamarindus Indicalinn Seed Oil. International Journal of Oil, Gas & Coal Engineering. 2, 1–6.
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APA Style

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon, Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth, Afolayan Joel Tobi, Adeloye Olalekan Michael. (2021). Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 5(2), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11

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ACS Style

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon; Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth; Afolayan Joel Tobi; Adeloye Olalekan Michael. Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel. Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2021, 5(2), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11

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AMA Style

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon, Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth, Afolayan Joel Tobi, Adeloye Olalekan Michael. Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel. Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2021;5(2):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11,
  author = {Akpa Jackson Gonurubon and Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth and Afolayan Joel Tobi and Adeloye Olalekan Michael},
  title = {Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20210502.11},
  abstract = {Industrial production of vegetable oil from palm kernel seed operational process was analysed in this research study with the extractor unit as the main focus of the study. The extractor unit consist of nine operational stages, which was modeled by applying the principle of the law of conservation of mass and energy respectively. The developed models were a set of ordinary differential equations, which were solved by using MatLab ODE 45 solver by applying industrial extractor plant data of Vegetable Oil Production Company. The developed models’ results were compared with the industrial extractor plant data in terms of mass fraction of oil and temperature of the raffinate and mass fraction of oil and temperature of the extract and these yielded an absolute percentage error (deviation) of 7.0, 9.52, 3.29 and 2.29 respectively. Thus, the deviations are within the acceptable limits, which shows that the developed models predicts adequately the extraction process of vegetable oil production. In addition, the effects of mass flow rates of raffinate and extraction solvent were studied with increase in mass flow rate of raffinate reduces contact time between extraction solvent and the cake thereby reducing the efficiency of the extraction process with maximum amount of oil been extracted at the minimum flow rate of 300Kg/hr.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel
AU  - Akpa Jackson Gonurubon
AU  - Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth
AU  - Afolayan Joel Tobi
AU  - Adeloye Olalekan Michael
Y1  - 2021/08/31
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11
AB  - Industrial production of vegetable oil from palm kernel seed operational process was analysed in this research study with the extractor unit as the main focus of the study. The extractor unit consist of nine operational stages, which was modeled by applying the principle of the law of conservation of mass and energy respectively. The developed models were a set of ordinary differential equations, which were solved by using MatLab ODE 45 solver by applying industrial extractor plant data of Vegetable Oil Production Company. The developed models’ results were compared with the industrial extractor plant data in terms of mass fraction of oil and temperature of the raffinate and mass fraction of oil and temperature of the extract and these yielded an absolute percentage error (deviation) of 7.0, 9.52, 3.29 and 2.29 respectively. Thus, the deviations are within the acceptable limits, which shows that the developed models predicts adequately the extraction process of vegetable oil production. In addition, the effects of mass flow rates of raffinate and extraction solvent were studied with increase in mass flow rate of raffinate reduces contact time between extraction solvent and the cake thereby reducing the efficiency of the extraction process with maximum amount of oil been extracted at the minimum flow rate of 300Kg/hr.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon

Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth

Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Afolayan Joel Tobi

Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Adeloye Olalekan Michael

Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon, Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth, Afolayan Joel Tobi, Adeloye Olalekan Michael. (2021). Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 5(2), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11

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ACS Style

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon; Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth; Afolayan Joel Tobi; Adeloye Olalekan Michael. Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel. Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2021, 5(2), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11

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AMA Style

Akpa Jackson Gonurubon, Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth, Afolayan Joel Tobi, Adeloye Olalekan Michael. Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel. Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2021;5(2):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11,
  author = {Akpa Jackson Gonurubon and Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth and Afolayan Joel Tobi and Adeloye Olalekan Michael},
  title = {Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20210502.11},
  abstract = {Industrial production of vegetable oil from palm kernel seed operational process was analysed in this research study with the extractor unit as the main focus of the study. The extractor unit consist of nine operational stages, which was modeled by applying the principle of the law of conservation of mass and energy respectively. The developed models were a set of ordinary differential equations, which were solved by using MatLab ODE 45 solver by applying industrial extractor plant data of Vegetable Oil Production Company. The developed models’ results were compared with the industrial extractor plant data in terms of mass fraction of oil and temperature of the raffinate and mass fraction of oil and temperature of the extract and these yielded an absolute percentage error (deviation) of 7.0, 9.52, 3.29 and 2.29 respectively. Thus, the deviations are within the acceptable limits, which shows that the developed models predicts adequately the extraction process of vegetable oil production. In addition, the effects of mass flow rates of raffinate and extraction solvent were studied with increase in mass flow rate of raffinate reduces contact time between extraction solvent and the cake thereby reducing the efficiency of the extraction process with maximum amount of oil been extracted at the minimum flow rate of 300Kg/hr.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Simulation of an Extractor for the Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Palm Kernel
AU  - Akpa Jackson Gonurubon
AU  - Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth
AU  - Afolayan Joel Tobi
AU  - Adeloye Olalekan Michael
Y1  - 2021/08/31
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210502.11
AB  - Industrial production of vegetable oil from palm kernel seed operational process was analysed in this research study with the extractor unit as the main focus of the study. The extractor unit consist of nine operational stages, which was modeled by applying the principle of the law of conservation of mass and energy respectively. The developed models were a set of ordinary differential equations, which were solved by using MatLab ODE 45 solver by applying industrial extractor plant data of Vegetable Oil Production Company. The developed models’ results were compared with the industrial extractor plant data in terms of mass fraction of oil and temperature of the raffinate and mass fraction of oil and temperature of the extract and these yielded an absolute percentage error (deviation) of 7.0, 9.52, 3.29 and 2.29 respectively. Thus, the deviations are within the acceptable limits, which shows that the developed models predicts adequately the extraction process of vegetable oil production. In addition, the effects of mass flow rates of raffinate and extraction solvent were studied with increase in mass flow rate of raffinate reduces contact time between extraction solvent and the cake thereby reducing the efficiency of the extraction process with maximum amount of oil been extracted at the minimum flow rate of 300Kg/hr.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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