Active sites are the individual reactors at the molecular scale distributed on the heterogeneous catalyst surface. To a large extent, they determine the catalytic performances and the reaction pathway of a reaction. Therefore, understanding the nature and structure of the actives sites is crucial to improve and develop novel, robust and practical catalysts. The wide application of state-of-the-art characterization techniques these years makes it possible to obtain crucial information about the active sites for some catalysts. The Cu-based catalysts are widely used for water gas shift (WGS) and methanol synthesis from syngas (CO + H2). Although having some technical issues in the direct conversion of CO2 into value-added products, they are still promising for this reaction to mitigate CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. In the last several years, intensive efforts have been made to study Cu-based catalysts, and substantial progress has been achieved in understanding their active sites and the reaction mechanism. This review discusses the structure and nature of active sites of Cu-based catalysts for CO2 valorization in thermo-, photo-, and electro-catalysis. We present the characterization results of different types of Cu-based catalysts applied in these processes, unravel their active sites and structures, and figure out the most important and critical factors that drive the reactions on the sites. The principle and applications of various characterization techniques are also briefly analyzed and compared. It is expected to provide fundamental insights and perspectives for designing highly active and efficient catalysts for CO2 conversion.
| Published in | American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12 |
| Page(s) | 53-78 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
CO2 Conversion, Catalyst Characterization, Cu-Based Catalyst, Reaction Mechanism
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APA Style
Ubong Jerome Etim, Raphael Semiat, Ziyi Zhong. (2021). CO2 Valorization Reactions over Cu-Based Catalysts: Characterization and the Nature of Active Sites. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 9(3), 53-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12
ACS Style
Ubong Jerome Etim; Raphael Semiat; Ziyi Zhong. CO2 Valorization Reactions over Cu-Based Catalysts: Characterization and the Nature of Active Sites. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9(3), 53-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12
AMA Style
Ubong Jerome Etim, Raphael Semiat, Ziyi Zhong. CO2 Valorization Reactions over Cu-Based Catalysts: Characterization and the Nature of Active Sites. Am J Chem Eng. 2021;9(3):53-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12,
author = {Ubong Jerome Etim and Raphael Semiat and Ziyi Zhong},
title = {CO2 Valorization Reactions over Cu-Based Catalysts: Characterization and the Nature of Active Sites},
journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {53-78},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20210903.12},
abstract = {Active sites are the individual reactors at the molecular scale distributed on the heterogeneous catalyst surface. To a large extent, they determine the catalytic performances and the reaction pathway of a reaction. Therefore, understanding the nature and structure of the actives sites is crucial to improve and develop novel, robust and practical catalysts. The wide application of state-of-the-art characterization techniques these years makes it possible to obtain crucial information about the active sites for some catalysts. The Cu-based catalysts are widely used for water gas shift (WGS) and methanol synthesis from syngas (CO + H2). Although having some technical issues in the direct conversion of CO2 into value-added products, they are still promising for this reaction to mitigate CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. In the last several years, intensive efforts have been made to study Cu-based catalysts, and substantial progress has been achieved in understanding their active sites and the reaction mechanism. This review discusses the structure and nature of active sites of Cu-based catalysts for CO2 valorization in thermo-, photo-, and electro-catalysis. We present the characterization results of different types of Cu-based catalysts applied in these processes, unravel their active sites and structures, and figure out the most important and critical factors that drive the reactions on the sites. The principle and applications of various characterization techniques are also briefly analyzed and compared. It is expected to provide fundamental insights and perspectives for designing highly active and efficient catalysts for CO2 conversion.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - CO2 Valorization Reactions over Cu-Based Catalysts: Characterization and the Nature of Active Sites AU - Ubong Jerome Etim AU - Raphael Semiat AU - Ziyi Zhong Y1 - 2021/06/21 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12 T2 - American Journal of Chemical Engineering JF - American Journal of Chemical Engineering JO - American Journal of Chemical Engineering SP - 53 EP - 78 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8613 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20210903.12 AB - Active sites are the individual reactors at the molecular scale distributed on the heterogeneous catalyst surface. To a large extent, they determine the catalytic performances and the reaction pathway of a reaction. Therefore, understanding the nature and structure of the actives sites is crucial to improve and develop novel, robust and practical catalysts. The wide application of state-of-the-art characterization techniques these years makes it possible to obtain crucial information about the active sites for some catalysts. The Cu-based catalysts are widely used for water gas shift (WGS) and methanol synthesis from syngas (CO + H2). Although having some technical issues in the direct conversion of CO2 into value-added products, they are still promising for this reaction to mitigate CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. In the last several years, intensive efforts have been made to study Cu-based catalysts, and substantial progress has been achieved in understanding their active sites and the reaction mechanism. This review discusses the structure and nature of active sites of Cu-based catalysts for CO2 valorization in thermo-, photo-, and electro-catalysis. We present the characterization results of different types of Cu-based catalysts applied in these processes, unravel their active sites and structures, and figure out the most important and critical factors that drive the reactions on the sites. The principle and applications of various characterization techniques are also briefly analyzed and compared. It is expected to provide fundamental insights and perspectives for designing highly active and efficient catalysts for CO2 conversion. VL - 9 IS - 3 ER -
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