Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding

Tanvir Singh; Shalabh Kumar Tiwari; Dinesh Kumar Shukla

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13

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Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al₂O₃ Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding

Tanvir Singh, Shalabh Kumar Tiwari, Dinesh Kumar Shukla

Published in American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 24 May 2019 Accepted: 25 June 2019 Published: 9 July 2019

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Abstract

In the present work, attempts were made to join AA6061-T6 sheets by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process. Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were added into the aluminum matrix for refining the microstructure of the nugget zone (NZ) and to restrict the growth of granularly in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In order to illustrate the influence of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on mechanical properties, namely ultimate tensile strength, micro-hardness distribution, and wear resistance of the welded joints, FSW was conducted with and without nanoparticles at a constant rotating velocity of 2000 rpm and transverse velocity of 70 mm/min. For characterization of microstructures, optical and scanning electron microscopes were employed. The findings revealed that Al₂O₃ nanoparticles addition along the joint line resulted in remarkable refining of grains structure in the weld nugget zone. This was due to the pinning effect produced by nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles which prevent the grain growth followed by recrystallization during FSW, leading to a remarkable reduction in grain size. Also, the sample with nanoparticles joined at rotating and transverse velocities of 2000 rpm and 70 mm/min showed higher tensile properties than the sample without nanoparticles. However, the employment of single FSW pass resulted in an unusual Al₂O₃ nanoparticles distribution and void initiation at the interface between Al-matrix and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in the heat-affected zone resulted in the early fracture of welded joints during tensile loading. Moreover, Al₂O₃ nanoparticles addition results in the reduction of frictional coefficient and increment in wear resistance due to fine small grains size and large distribution of hardness in NZ of friction stir welded specimens.

Published in	American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13
Page(s)	23-31
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

"FSW, AA6061-T6, Nanocomposites, Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Characteristics, Reinforced Nanoparticles, Wear Behavior "

References

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APA Style

Tanvir Singh, Shalabh Kumar Tiwari, Dinesh Kumar Shukla. (2019). Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding. American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing, 4(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13

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ACS Style

Tanvir Singh; Shalabh Kumar Tiwari; Dinesh Kumar Shukla. Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding. Am. J. Mater. Synth. Process. 2019, 4(1), 23-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13

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AMA Style

Tanvir Singh, Shalabh Kumar Tiwari, Dinesh Kumar Shukla. Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding. Am J Mater Synth Process. 2019;4(1):23-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13,
  author = {Tanvir Singh and Shalabh Kumar Tiwari and Dinesh Kumar Shukla},
  title = {Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding},
  journal = {American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmsp.20190401.13},
  abstract = {In the present work, attempts were made to join AA6061-T6 sheets by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process. Al2O3 nanoparticles were added into the aluminum matrix for refining the microstructure of the nugget zone (NZ) and to restrict the growth of granularly in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In order to illustrate the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical properties, namely ultimate tensile strength, micro-hardness distribution, and wear resistance of the welded joints, FSW was conducted with and without nanoparticles at a constant rotating velocity of 2000 rpm and transverse velocity of 70 mm/min. For characterization of microstructures, optical and scanning electron microscopes were employed. The findings revealed that Al2O3 nanoparticles addition along the joint line resulted in remarkable refining of grains structure in the weld nugget zone. This was due to the pinning effect produced by nano-sized Al2O3 particles which prevent the grain growth followed by recrystallization during FSW, leading to a remarkable reduction in grain size. Also, the sample with nanoparticles joined at rotating and transverse velocities of 2000 rpm and 70 mm/min showed higher tensile properties than the sample without nanoparticles. However, the employment of single FSW pass resulted in an unusual Al2O3 nanoparticles distribution and void initiation at the interface between Al-matrix and Al2O3 nanoparticles in the heat-affected zone resulted in the early fracture of welded joints during tensile loading. Moreover, Al2O3 nanoparticles addition results in the reduction of frictional coefficient and increment in wear resistance due to fine small grains size and large distribution of hardness in NZ of friction stir welded specimens.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding
AU  - Tanvir Singh
AU  - Shalabh Kumar Tiwari
AU  - Dinesh Kumar Shukla
Y1  - 2019/07/09
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13
T2  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
JF  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
JO  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
SP  - 23
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1530
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13
AB  - In the present work, attempts were made to join AA6061-T6 sheets by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process. Al2O3 nanoparticles were added into the aluminum matrix for refining the microstructure of the nugget zone (NZ) and to restrict the growth of granularly in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In order to illustrate the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical properties, namely ultimate tensile strength, micro-hardness distribution, and wear resistance of the welded joints, FSW was conducted with and without nanoparticles at a constant rotating velocity of 2000 rpm and transverse velocity of 70 mm/min. For characterization of microstructures, optical and scanning electron microscopes were employed. The findings revealed that Al2O3 nanoparticles addition along the joint line resulted in remarkable refining of grains structure in the weld nugget zone. This was due to the pinning effect produced by nano-sized Al2O3 particles which prevent the grain growth followed by recrystallization during FSW, leading to a remarkable reduction in grain size. Also, the sample with nanoparticles joined at rotating and transverse velocities of 2000 rpm and 70 mm/min showed higher tensile properties than the sample without nanoparticles. However, the employment of single FSW pass resulted in an unusual Al2O3 nanoparticles distribution and void initiation at the interface between Al-matrix and Al2O3 nanoparticles in the heat-affected zone resulted in the early fracture of welded joints during tensile loading. Moreover, Al2O3 nanoparticles addition results in the reduction of frictional coefficient and increment in wear resistance due to fine small grains size and large distribution of hardness in NZ of friction stir welded specimens.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Tanvir Singh

Department of Mechanical Engineering, DR. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
Shalabh Kumar Tiwari

Department of Mechanical Engineering, DR. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
Dinesh Kumar Shukla

Department of Mechanical Engineering, DR. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India

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Tanvir Singh, Shalabh Kumar Tiwari, Dinesh Kumar Shukla. (2019). Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding. American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing, 4(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13

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ACS Style

Tanvir Singh; Shalabh Kumar Tiwari; Dinesh Kumar Shukla. Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding. Am. J. Mater. Synth. Process. 2019, 4(1), 23-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13

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AMA Style

Tanvir Singh, Shalabh Kumar Tiwari, Dinesh Kumar Shukla. Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding. Am J Mater Synth Process. 2019;4(1):23-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13,
  author = {Tanvir Singh and Shalabh Kumar Tiwari and Dinesh Kumar Shukla},
  title = {Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding},
  journal = {American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmsp.20190401.13},
  abstract = {In the present work, attempts were made to join AA6061-T6 sheets by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process. Al2O3 nanoparticles were added into the aluminum matrix for refining the microstructure of the nugget zone (NZ) and to restrict the growth of granularly in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In order to illustrate the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical properties, namely ultimate tensile strength, micro-hardness distribution, and wear resistance of the welded joints, FSW was conducted with and without nanoparticles at a constant rotating velocity of 2000 rpm and transverse velocity of 70 mm/min. For characterization of microstructures, optical and scanning electron microscopes were employed. The findings revealed that Al2O3 nanoparticles addition along the joint line resulted in remarkable refining of grains structure in the weld nugget zone. This was due to the pinning effect produced by nano-sized Al2O3 particles which prevent the grain growth followed by recrystallization during FSW, leading to a remarkable reduction in grain size. Also, the sample with nanoparticles joined at rotating and transverse velocities of 2000 rpm and 70 mm/min showed higher tensile properties than the sample without nanoparticles. However, the employment of single FSW pass resulted in an unusual Al2O3 nanoparticles distribution and void initiation at the interface between Al-matrix and Al2O3 nanoparticles in the heat-affected zone resulted in the early fracture of welded joints during tensile loading. Moreover, Al2O3 nanoparticles addition results in the reduction of frictional coefficient and increment in wear resistance due to fine small grains size and large distribution of hardness in NZ of friction stir welded specimens.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fabrication of AA6061-T6/Al2O3 Reinforced Nanocomposite Using Friction Stir Welding
AU  - Tanvir Singh
AU  - Shalabh Kumar Tiwari
AU  - Dinesh Kumar Shukla
Y1  - 2019/07/09
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13
T2  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
JF  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
JO  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
SP  - 23
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1530
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20190401.13
AB  - In the present work, attempts were made to join AA6061-T6 sheets by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process. Al2O3 nanoparticles were added into the aluminum matrix for refining the microstructure of the nugget zone (NZ) and to restrict the growth of granularly in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In order to illustrate the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical properties, namely ultimate tensile strength, micro-hardness distribution, and wear resistance of the welded joints, FSW was conducted with and without nanoparticles at a constant rotating velocity of 2000 rpm and transverse velocity of 70 mm/min. For characterization of microstructures, optical and scanning electron microscopes were employed. The findings revealed that Al2O3 nanoparticles addition along the joint line resulted in remarkable refining of grains structure in the weld nugget zone. This was due to the pinning effect produced by nano-sized Al2O3 particles which prevent the grain growth followed by recrystallization during FSW, leading to a remarkable reduction in grain size. Also, the sample with nanoparticles joined at rotating and transverse velocities of 2000 rpm and 70 mm/min showed higher tensile properties than the sample without nanoparticles. However, the employment of single FSW pass resulted in an unusual Al2O3 nanoparticles distribution and void initiation at the interface between Al-matrix and Al2O3 nanoparticles in the heat-affected zone resulted in the early fracture of welded joints during tensile loading. Moreover, Al2O3 nanoparticles addition results in the reduction of frictional coefficient and increment in wear resistance due to fine small grains size and large distribution of hardness in NZ of friction stir welded specimens.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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