Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

Ni Luh Sri Apsari; Eka Gunawijaya; Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati; Komang Ayu Witarini; Hendra Santoso

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13

Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

Ni Luh Sri Apsari, Eka Gunawijaya, Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie, Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati, Komang Ayu Witarini, Hendra Santoso

Published in American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 17 December 2019 Accepted: 10 January 2020 Published: 7 February 2020

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Abstract

HIV is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality affecting more than 1.3 million children worldwide, one of the morbidity is cardiac abnormalities. Cardiovascular abnormalities are still subclinical during childhood then become symtomatic in adulthood. Electrocardiography is effective to detect cardiac diseases. This study aimed to assess ECG changes in HIV infected children and describe ECG abnormalities in HIV-infected children with or without HAART. From 70 subjects, we found the most common abnormality was sinus tachycardia in 17 patients (24.3%), sinus bradycardia 1 patient (1.4%) and 2 patients with sinus arrhythmia (2.9%). The mean QTc interval was 0.42 seconds (±0.07) and 14 patients (20%) had prolongation. The mean PR interval was 0.12 seconds (±0.02), 11 patients (15.7%) experienced prolongation of PR interval. The mean QRS duration was 0.06 seconds (±0.09). Left ventricular enlargement was present in 6 patients (8.6%), conduction disturbance which is characterized by Bundle branch block was found in 2 patients (2.9%) and ST changes was seen in 2 patients (2.9%). Other ECG abnormalities are characterized by right ventricle hyperthropy in 4 patients and a patient had T tall. The prevalence of cardiac abnormalities based on ECG examination from this study was 51.3%, consist of heart rhythm abnormality, prolonged PR interval, prolonged QTc interval, bundle branch block, ventricle hypertrophy and ST changes.

Published in	American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13
Page(s)	22-26
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Electrocardiography, HIV, HAART, Children

References

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[5]	S. E. Lipshultz, K. A. Easley, E. J. Orav, S. Kaplan, T. J. Starc, et al. Cardiac dysfunction and mortality in HIV-infected children: the prospective P2C2HIV multicentre study: pediatric pulmonary and cardiovascular complications of vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (P2C2 HIV) study group. Circulation. 2000; 102: 1542-8.
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[17]	B. Charbit, E. Gayat, P. Voiriot, F. Boccara, P. M. Girard, C. Funck-Brentano. Effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors on cardiac conduction velocity in unselected hiv-infected patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 9: 1-7.
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APA Style

Ni Luh Sri Apsari, Eka Gunawijaya, Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie, Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati, Komang Ayu Witarini, et al. (2020). Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children. American Journal of Pediatrics, 6(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13

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ACS Style

Ni Luh Sri Apsari; Eka Gunawijaya; Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati; Komang Ayu Witarini, et al. Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children. Am. J. Pediatr. 2020, 6(1), 22-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13

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AMA Style

Ni Luh Sri Apsari, Eka Gunawijaya, Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie, Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati, Komang Ayu Witarini, et al. Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children. Am J Pediatr. 2020;6(1):22-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13,
  author = {Ni Luh Sri Apsari and Eka Gunawijaya and Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie and Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati and Komang Ayu Witarini and Hendra Santoso},
  title = {Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children},
  journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {22-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20200601.13},
  abstract = {HIV is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality affecting more than 1.3 million children worldwide, one of the morbidity is cardiac abnormalities. Cardiovascular abnormalities are still subclinical during childhood then become symtomatic in adulthood. Electrocardiography is effective to detect cardiac diseases. This study aimed to assess ECG changes in HIV infected children and describe ECG abnormalities in HIV-infected children with or without HAART. From 70 subjects, we found the most common abnormality was sinus tachycardia in 17 patients (24.3%), sinus bradycardia 1 patient (1.4%) and 2 patients with sinus arrhythmia (2.9%). The mean QTc interval was 0.42 seconds (±0.07) and 14 patients (20%) had prolongation. The mean PR interval was 0.12 seconds (±0.02), 11 patients (15.7%) experienced prolongation of PR interval. The mean QRS duration was 0.06 seconds (±0.09). Left ventricular enlargement was present in 6 patients (8.6%), conduction disturbance which is characterized by Bundle branch block was found in 2 patients (2.9%) and ST changes was seen in 2 patients (2.9%). Other ECG abnormalities are characterized by right ventricle hyperthropy in 4 patients and a patient had T tall. The prevalence of cardiac abnormalities based on ECG examination from this study was 51.3%, consist of heart rhythm abnormality, prolonged PR interval, prolonged QTc interval, bundle branch block, ventricle hypertrophy and ST changes.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children
AU - Ni Luh Sri Apsari
AU - Eka Gunawijaya
AU - Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie
AU - Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati
AU - Komang Ayu Witarini
AU - Hendra Santoso
Y1 - 2020/02/07
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13
T2 - American Journal of Pediatrics
JF - American Journal of Pediatrics
JO - American Journal of Pediatrics
SP - 22
EP - 26
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2472-0909
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13
AB - HIV is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality affecting more than 1.3 million children worldwide, one of the morbidity is cardiac abnormalities. Cardiovascular abnormalities are still subclinical during childhood then become symtomatic in adulthood. Electrocardiography is effective to detect cardiac diseases. This study aimed to assess ECG changes in HIV infected children and describe ECG abnormalities in HIV-infected children with or without HAART. From 70 subjects, we found the most common abnormality was sinus tachycardia in 17 patients (24.3%), sinus bradycardia 1 patient (1.4%) and 2 patients with sinus arrhythmia (2.9%). The mean QTc interval was 0.42 seconds (±0.07) and 14 patients (20%) had prolongation. The mean PR interval was 0.12 seconds (±0.02), 11 patients (15.7%) experienced prolongation of PR interval. The mean QRS duration was 0.06 seconds (±0.09). Left ventricular enlargement was present in 6 patients (8.6%), conduction disturbance which is characterized by Bundle branch block was found in 2 patients (2.9%) and ST changes was seen in 2 patients (2.9%). Other ECG abnormalities are characterized by right ventricle hyperthropy in 4 patients and a patient had T tall. The prevalence of cardiac abnormalities based on ECG examination from this study was 51.3%, consist of heart rhythm abnormality, prolonged PR interval, prolonged QTc interval, bundle branch block, ventricle hypertrophy and ST changes.
VL - 6
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Ni Luh Sri Apsari

Department of Child Health, Udayana University Medical School/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Eka Gunawijaya

Department of Child Health, Udayana University Medical School/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie

Department of Child Health, Udayana University Medical School/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati

Department of Child Health, Udayana University Medical School/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Komang Ayu Witarini

Department of Child Health, Udayana University Medical School/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Hendra Santoso

Department of Child Health, Udayana University Medical School/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia

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APA Style

Ni Luh Sri Apsari, Eka Gunawijaya, Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie, Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati, Komang Ayu Witarini, et al. (2020). Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children. American Journal of Pediatrics, 6(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13

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ACS Style

Ni Luh Sri Apsari; Eka Gunawijaya; Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati; Komang Ayu Witarini, et al. Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children. Am. J. Pediatr. 2020, 6(1), 22-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13

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AMA Style

Ni Luh Sri Apsari, Eka Gunawijaya, Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie, Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati, Komang Ayu Witarini, et al. Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children. Am J Pediatr. 2020;6(1):22-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13,
  author = {Ni Luh Sri Apsari and Eka Gunawijaya and Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie and Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati and Komang Ayu Witarini and Hendra Santoso},
  title = {Prevalence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children},
  journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {22-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200601.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20200601.13},
  abstract = {HIV is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality affecting more than 1.3 million children worldwide, one of the morbidity is cardiac abnormalities. Cardiovascular abnormalities are still subclinical during childhood then become symtomatic in adulthood. Electrocardiography is effective to detect cardiac diseases. This study aimed to assess ECG changes in HIV infected children and describe ECG abnormalities in HIV-infected children with or without HAART. From 70 subjects, we found the most common abnormality was sinus tachycardia in 17 patients (24.3%), sinus bradycardia 1 patient (1.4%) and 2 patients with sinus arrhythmia (2.9%). The mean QTc interval was 0.42 seconds (±0.07) and 14 patients (20%) had prolongation. The mean PR interval was 0.12 seconds (±0.02), 11 patients (15.7%) experienced prolongation of PR interval. The mean QRS duration was 0.06 seconds (±0.09). Left ventricular enlargement was present in 6 patients (8.6%), conduction disturbance which is characterized by Bundle branch block was found in 2 patients (2.9%) and ST changes was seen in 2 patients (2.9%). Other ECG abnormalities are characterized by right ventricle hyperthropy in 4 patients and a patient had T tall. The prevalence of cardiac abnormalities based on ECG examination from this study was 51.3%, consist of heart rhythm abnormality, prolonged PR interval, prolonged QTc interval, bundle branch block, ventricle hypertrophy and ST changes.},
 year = {2020}
}

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